• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

Thermoelectric properties of calcium cobalt layer structure oxide system, $Ca_3Co_2O_6$ and $Ca_3Co_4O_9$ were investigated at the temperature range of 300 to 1000K for the application of thermoelectric generation. In the composition, the Ca site was partially substituted with Bi, Sr, La, K and the Co site was partially substituted with Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn. The thermoelectric properties of Bi substituted $Ca_3Co_4O_9$. $Ca_{2.7}Bi_{0.3}Co_4O_9$ for electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and power factor were $85.4({\Omega}$cm)^{-l}, $176.2{\mu}V/K$ and $265.2{\mu}W/K^m$, respectively. The unit thermoelectric couple was fabricated with the p-type of $Ca_{2.7}Bi_{0.3}Co_4O_9$ and n-type ($Zn_{0.98}Al_{0.02}$)O thermoelectrics whose figure-of-merit(Z) were $0.87{\times}10^{-4}/K$ and $0.41{\times}10^4/K$, respectively. The generated thermoelectric power was about 30mV at the temperature difference of 120K in the unit thermoelectric couple.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.201-209
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• 2012

The point-based complex event processing handled an instantaneous event by using one time stamp in each event. However, the activity period of the event plays the important role in the field which is the same as the finance, multimedia, medicine, and meteorology. The point-based event is insufficient for expressing the complex temporal relationship in this field. In the application field of the real-time world, the event has the period. The events more than two kinds can be temporally overlapped. In addition, one event can include the other event. The relation about the events of kind of these can not be successive like the point-based event. This thesis designs and implements the method detecting the patterns of the complex event by using the interval-based events. The interval-based events can express the overlapping relation between events. Furthermore, it can include the others. By using the end point of beginning and end point of the termination, the operator of interval-based events shows the interval-based events. It expresses the sequence of the interval-based events and can detect the complex event patterns. This thesis proposes the algorithm using the active instance stack in order to raise efficiency of detection of the complex event patterns. When comprising the event sequence, this thesis applies the window push down technique in order to reduce the number of intermediate results. It raises the utility factor of the running time and memory.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.178-191
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• 2013

Objectives : In this study, we made an effort to investigate the protective mechanism of Ukgan-san (UGS) extracts on hypoxia-induced C6 glial cell death. Methods : The cell viability was assessed by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MMT) assay and cell morphological changes were analysed with microscope after staining with crystal violet (CV). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was assessed by flow cytometer after staining with 2'7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA). We also analyzed expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-$1{\alpha}$) and p53, processing of procaspase-3 and procyclic acidic repetitive protein (PARP) by western blot method. Results : We estimated the elevated cell viability by UGS extract on $CoCl_2$-induced C6 glial cells. UGS attenuated $CoCl_2$-induced ROS formation in C6 glial cells and also showed a protective activity compared to antioxidants and exhibited abrogation of LDH-released by $CoCl_2$. UGS suppressed the typical apoptotic cell death markers, caspase-3 and PARP activation. UGS inhibited $CoCl_2$-induced HIF-1${\alpha}$ expression which is known as a major regulator for hypoxia-induced cell death, and suppressed p53 expression. Conclusions : These results suggest that UGS extract contains protective constituents for hypoxia-induced C6 glial cell death.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.685-694
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• 2010

The present study investigated the combined effects of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and organic acid salts on the quality and shelf-life of Hanwoo ground beef patties. The ground beef containing 500 ppm of ascorbic acid was prepared with air-packaging (Air-P), high oxygen-MAP (70% $O_2$+30% $CO_2$/OxyMAP), and nitrogen-MAP (100% $N_2$/NitroMAP), in combination with organic acid salts (1500 ppm of sodium acetate and 500 ppm of calcium lactate). The samples were stored for 11 d at $5^{\circ}C$. The pH value of ground beef patties decreased during storage in all the treatments. The ground beef patties with organic acid salts showed relatively higher level of pH during storage compared with non-added patties (p<0.05). Lipid oxidation was accelerated in OxyMAP while it was delayed in NitroMAP treated with organic acid salts. Nitro-MAP treated with organic acid salts was effective in stabilizing the color characteristics of lightness (CIE $L^*$) and redness (CIE $a^*$) during storage. Oxygen content in MAP was shown to be a more important factor affecting color stability and lipid oxidation of ground beef than organic acid salts. The aerobic and anaerobic bacterial counts were reduced both in OxyMAP and NitroMAP (p<0.05), and the lactic acid bacteria was inhibited by Oxy-MAP (p<0.05). Coliform bacteria decreased during storage as pH value was decreased in all treatments. According to the sensory evaluation, the ground beef patties in NitroMAP showed the best quality among all treatments during storage. Therefore, Hanwoo ground beef patties added with sodium acetate and calcium lactate and packed with NitroMAP showed better quality characteristics than other treatments. This packaging method is recommended and could be utilized for packaging hanwoo ground beef patties for improving quality and extending shelf-life.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to offer basic data in arranging the improved working environment to Emergency Medical Technicians, by analyzing the influence of job satisfaction in Emergency Medical Technician within hospital upon organizational commitment. Method : This study was carried out targeting 203 Emergency Medical Technicians who are working at hospitals in B Metropolitan City, U Metropolitan City, D Metropolitan City, an d G Province. The data collection was performed from April 1, 2009 to June 10. The statistical processing was used a program of SPSS WIN 12.0 Version. The statistical significance was set to p<.05. Results : 1. In the descriptive statistics of the job satisfaction and the organizational commitment. the whole average for job satisfaction was 3.06 points. The whole average for organizational commitment was 3.05 points. 2. In the difference between job satisfaction and organizational commitment, the group for job satisfaction was indicated to be statistically significant in job-choice motive(F=2.710, p<.05) and turnover propensity(t=.662, p<.001). The group for organizational commitment was indicated to be statistically significant in working department(F=2.871, p<.05), job-choice motive(F=2.944, p<.05), turnover propensity(t=.903, p<.001), and turnover reason(F=3.415, p<.01). 3. In the correlation between job satisfaction and organizational commitment, the job satisfaction showed positive correlation(r=.736, p<.01) with organizational commitment. 4. As for the influence of job-satisfaction factor upon organizational commitment, salary(${\beta}$=.162, t=2.739, p<.01), autonomy(${\beta}$=.372, t=4.633, p<.001), working environment(${\beta}$=.139, t=1.968, p<.05), and organizational needs(${\beta}$=.172, t=2.291, p<.05) were indicated to have significant effect on organizational commitment. Conclusion : The institutional arrangement is considered to be likely to be necessarily made highly for improving social image and enhancing salary and working environment so that Emergency Medical Technician within hospital can be enhanced job satisfaction and organizational commitment.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.117-129
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• 2020

Background: Radiation portal monitors (RPMs) involving plastic scintillators installed at the border inspection sites can detect illicit trafficking of radioactive sources in cargo containers within seconds. However, RPMs may generate false alarms because of the naturally occurring radioactive materials. To manage these false alarms, we previously suggested an energy-weighted algorithm that emphasizes the Compton-edge area as an outstanding peak. This study intends to evaluate the identification of radioactive sources using an improved energy-weighted algorithm. Materials and Methods: The algorithm was modified by increasing the energy weighting factor, and different peak combinations of the energy-weighted spectra were tested for source identification. A commercialized RPM system was used to measure the energy-weighted spectra. The RPM comprised two large plastic scintillators with dimensions of 174 × 29 × 7 ㎤ facing each other at a distance of 4.6 m. In addition, the in-house-fabricated signal processing boards were connected to collect the signal converted into a spectrum. Further, the spectra from eight radioactive sources, including special nuclear materials (SNMs), which were set in motion using a linear motion system (LMS) and a cargo truck, were estimated to identify the source identification rate. Results and Discussion: Each energy-weighted spectrum exhibited a specific peak location, although high statistical fluctuation errors could be observed in the spectrum with the increasing source speed. In particular, ¹³⁷Cs and ⁶⁰Co in motion were identified completely (100%) at speeds of 5 and 10 km/hr. Further, SNMs, which trigger the RPM alarm, were identified approximately 80% of the time at both the aforementioned speeds. Conclusion: Using the modified energy-weighted algorithm, several characteristics of the energy weighted spectra could be observed when the used sources were in motion and when the geometric efficiency was low. In particular, the discrimination between ⁶⁰Co and ⁴⁰K, which triggers false alarms at the primary inspection sites, can be improved using the proposed algorithm.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.147-160
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• 2010

This study aims to analyze the effect of emotional response from dining out experience on satisfaction after dining out based on the customers who have visited a luxurious Korean restaurant. For this study, it designed a research model through literary research and derived hypotheses. For the empirical analysis, 250 copies of the questionnaire using the self-administered method were distributed and 230(94%) copies were collected. Among them, 220(88%) copies were used for the analysis. SPSS WIN Version 12.0 statistical package program was used for the analysis of data processing, the frequency analysis, reliability analysis and factor analysis were operated, and the hypothesis testing was verified by the regression analysis. The results of the analyses are as follows. For the hypothesis that "the dining-out consumption pattern will have a significant effect on the emotional response," it was verified that the style which pursues health and the style which is loyal to relationships had significant effects on pleasure while the style which pursues rest didn't. Also, the style which pursues health and the style which is loyal to relationships had significant effects on arousal while the style which pursues rest didn't. For the hypothesis that "emotional response will have a significant effect on satisfaction," it was verified that pleasure and simulation had significant effects on satisfaction. As a result of the study, the current dining-out consumption pattern is changed from the purpose of having meals for the biological needs in the past to considering emotional response such as preferred taste or mood.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.6 no.2 s.12
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• pp.105-117
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• 1998

The main object of this study was to prove the effectiveness of satellite Image data for extraction of the pine needle gall midge damaged area in the part of Kangwon-do area, and to present the detailed procedure of a digital image processing for extraction of those damaged area. The effectiveness of extraction of damaged area was improved by using the BRCT(Backwards Radiance Correction Transformation) with DEM for the normalization of topographic effects. The topographic surface analysis of the extracted damaged area revealed that the general damaged area was at south-west and south-east aspect with the slope of 31 to 38 degrees, the temperature of 21 to 25, and 23% to 39% of the highest altitude mountains. The new damaged area in which expanded area was at 27 to 30 degree of slope, the aspect of 46 to 180 degrees, the temperature of $11^{\circ}C\;to\;12^{\circ}C$ and 27% to 39% of the highest altitude mountains. The NDI(New Damaged Index) was developed using the environment factor and simple vegetation index.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.902-912
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• 2013

This study on the training of police officers job satisfaction and job performance is to identify the relationship. This study of 2012 Police Training Institute courses in related expenses 5 population in the process of initiation of a national police officer selection, and note that the sampling method used to extract a total of 300 samples, but the number of cases that were used in the final analysis, 268 people. Data processing by the SPSSWIN 18.0 factor analysis, reliability analysis, multiple regression, path analysis. Conclusions are as follows. First, the police officer's training affects job satisfaction. In other words, work-related, of course the more positive the evaluation of job training job satisfaction is high, education, the stronger the motivation and job satisfaction also higher education can be. Second, the education and training of police officers affects job performance. In other words, work-related, educational motivation, job training curriculum for the more positive job performance rating is also high. Third, the police officer's job satisfaction affects job performance. In other words, education can be a higher job performance and job satisfaction also high. Fourth, the training of police officers on the job satisfaction and job performance directly or indirectly affected. That is, the internal job satisfaction and job performance, job training parameters are the important variables.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.1258-1268
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• 2005

While the concept of Home Network is laying by and its interests are increasing by means of digitalizing of the information communication infrastructure, many efforts are in progress toward convenient lives. Moreover, as information household appliances which have a junction of connecting to the network are appearing over the past a few years, the demands against intellectual Home Services are increasing. In this paper, by being based upon Multimedia which is an essential factor for developing of various application services on ubiquitous computing environments, we suggest a simplified application model that could apply the information to the automated processing system after studying user's behavior patterns using authentication and access control for identity certification of users. In addition, we compared captured video images in the fixed range by pixel unit through some time and checked disorder of them. And that made safe of user certification as adopting self-developed certification method which was used 'Hash' algorism through salt function of 12 byte. In order to show the usefulness of this proposed model, we did some testing by emulator for control of information after construction for Intellectual Multimedia Server, which ubiquitous network is available on as a scheme so as to check out developed applications. According to experimental results, it is very reasonable to believe that we could extend various multimedia applications in our daily lives.