• Title/Summary/Keyword: Primary resolution

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Value of PAX1 Methylation Analysis by MS-HRM in the Triage of Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance

  • Li, Shi-Rong;Wang, Zhen-Ming;Wang, Yu-Hui;Wang, Xi-Bo;Zhao, Jian-Qiang;Xue, Hai-Bin;Jiang, Fu-Guo
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제16권14호
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    • pp.5843-5846
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    • 2015
  • Background: Detection of cervical high grade lesions in patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) is still a challenge. Our study tested the efficacy of the paired boxed gene 1 (PAX1) methylation analysis by methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM) in the detection of high grade lesions in ASCUS and compared performance with the hybrid capture 2 (HC2) human papillomavirus (HPV) test. Materials and Methods: A total of 463 consecutive ASCUS women from primary screening were selected. Their cervical scrapings were collected and assessed by PAX1 methylation analysis (MS-HRM) and high-risk HPV-DNA test (HC2). All patients with ASCUS were admitted to colposcopy and cervical biopsies. The Chisquare test was used to test the differences of PAX1 methylation or HPV infection between groups. Results: The specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy for detecting CIN2 + lesions were: 95.6%, 82.4%, and 94.6%, respectively, for the PAX1 MS-HRM test; and 59.7%, 64.7%, and 60.0% for the HC2 HPV test. Conclusions: The PAX1 methylation analysis by MS-HRM demonstrated a better performance than the high-risk HPV-DNA test for the detection of high grade lesions (CIN2 +) in ASCUS cases. This approach could screen out the majority of low grade cases of ASCUS, and thus reduce the referral rate to colposcopy.

Contrast-Enhanced MR Angiography of Supra-Aortic Arteries: Review of Current Techniques, Diagnostic Accuracy and Common Pitfalls in Steno-Occlusive Diseases

  • Lee, Jeong-Hyun;Kim, Jin-Hyoung;Kim, Hyun-Jeong;Park, Choong-Gon;Lee, Deok-Hee;Lee, Ho-Kyu;Kim, ang-Joon;Suh, Dae-Chul
    • 대한자기공명의과학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한자기공명의과학회 2003년도 제8차 학술대회 초록집
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    • pp.97-97
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    • 2003
  • Contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA) gradually occupies its position as a primary evaluation tool forsteno-occlusive disease of supra-aortic cervical arteries. It has several advantages over time-of-flight (TOF) technique such as shorter imaging time, less saturation effect, and less flow- and motion-related artifacts. Diverse methods of k-space sampling, imaging sequences, and strategies for image acquisitiontiming have been introduced since its early clinical application. Especially, methods of k-space sampling and image acquisition timing are very important to achieve maximal arterial enhancement and suppress venous signal while maintaining large scan coverage and high spatial resolution. In addition, regardless of several advantages over TOF technique, it still has a tendency to overestimate the degree of stenosis in patients with carotid or vertebralartery disease. In this exhibit, we will overview the current techniques of CE-MRA with special attention to methods of k-space sampling and image acquisition timing. We will also discuss diagnostic accuracy of CE-MRA in patients with supra-aortic cervical artery stenosis and artifacts frequently misinterpreted as steno-occlusive lesion on CE-MRA.

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4개월 영아에서 발생한 대상포진 1예 (A case of herpes zoster in a 4-month-old infant)

  • 김지현;이정주;윤신원;채수안;임인석;이동근;최응상;유병훈
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • 제51권12호
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    • pp.1368-1371
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    • 2008
  • 영아에서의 대상포진은 매우 드문 질환이지만, 자궁 내에서 혹은 출생 후 수두 바이러스에 노출되어 발생할 수 있다. 태생기에는 바이러스에 대한 특이 면역글로불린 수치가 낮으며, 영아기에는 항원에 반응하는 림프구, 자연살해세포, 사이토카인이 적어 바이러스의 잠복기를 유지하기가 어려워, 이 때에 감염되는 경우 생후 1년 이내에 대상포진이 발병하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 저자들은 수두에 이환 되었거나 수두 예방접종을 받았던 적이 없었던 생후 4개월 영아에서 대상포진을 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. 환아의 어머니 역시 임신 중 수두에 감염되었거나 노출된 병력이 없었으며 환아는 대상포진에 병발된 포도상구균 감염에 대하여 acyclovir와 1세대 세팔로스포린으로 치료를 받고, 합병증 없이 치료되었다.

Occurrence of suspected infection of Campylobacter spp and Clostridium spp in dogs with chronic diarrhea

  • Park, Hee-myung;Oh, Tae-ho;Kim, Hyun-uk;Youn, Sin-keun;Lee, Sang-rok;Yoo, Jae-chun;Yoon, Hwa-young;Han, Hong-ryul
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제39권4호
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    • pp.819-824
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    • 1999
  • Suspected infections of Campylobacter spp and Clostridium spp were observed in three dogs. The diagnosis was based on fecal cytology, Gram's stain, clinical signs and serum chemistry. The rectal swabs of diarrheic dogs were performed to confirm the enteropathogens. Suspected Campylobacter spp were a sea-gull shape and Clostridium spp had a large, clear endospore in rectal cytology. Treatment with appropriate antibiotics resulted in a complete resolution of all clinical abnormalities in three cases. The source of Campylobacter spp and Clostridium spp could not be found clearly in three cases, but gastrointestinal origin was most likely. When detecting the enteropathogens in feces, fecal smear with Wright's and Gram's stain should be made at first and also, if the patients have canine parvoviral enteritis, attention should be paid to confirm the Campylobacter spp and Clostridium spp. In addition, since Campylobacter spp and Clostridium spp as normal bacterial flora exists in canine intestines, it is thought that microbiological isolation should be performed to confirm the suspected Campylobacter spp and Clostridium spp as primary enteropathogens in subsequent study.

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기후변화에 따른 식생과 토양에 의한 탄소변화량 공간적 분석 (Projected Spatial-Temporal changes in carbon reductions of Soil and Vegetation in South Korea under Climate Change, 2000-2100)

  • 이동근;박찬;오영출
    • 농촌계획
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.109-116
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    • 2010
  • Climate change is known to affect both natural and managed ecosystems, and will likely impact on the terrestrail carbon balance. This paper reports the effects of climate change on spatial-temporal changes in carbon reductions in South Korea's during 2000-2100. Future carbon (C) stock distributions are simulated for the same period using various spatial data sets including land cover, net primary production(NPP) and leaf area index (LAI) obtained from MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), and climate data from Data Assimilation Office(DAO) and Korea Meteorological Administration(KMA). This study attempts to predict future NPP using multiple linear regression and to model dependence of soil respiration on soil temperature. Plants store large amounts of carbon during the growing periods. During 2030-2100, Carbon accumulation in vegetation was increased to $566{\sim}610gC/m^2$/year owing to climate change. On the other hand, soil respiration is a key ecosystem process that releases carbon from the soil in the form of carbon dioxide. The estimated soil respiration spatially ranged from $49gC/m^2$/year to $231gC/m^2$/year in the year of 2010, and correlating well with the reference value. This results include Spatial-Temporal C reduction variation caused by climate change. Therefore this results is more comprehensive than previous results. The uncertainty in this study is still large, but it can be reduced if a detailed map becomes available.

Improvement of Depth Profiling Analysis in $Hf_xO_y/Al_xO_y/Hf_xO_y$ structure with Sub 10 nm by Using Low Energy SIMS

  • 이종필;박상원;최근영;박윤백;김호정;김창열
    • 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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    • pp.162-162
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    • 2012
  • Sub 100 nm의 Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) 소자를 구동하기 위해서는 2.0 nm 이하의 $SiO_2$ oxide에 해당하는 전기적 특성이 요구된다. 그러나 2.0 nm 이하의 $SiO_2$에서는 누설 전류가 너무 크기 때문에 이를 대체하기 위해서 유전 상수 (dielectric permittivity)가 높은 $HfO_2$ (${\varepsilon}=25$), $Al_2O_3$, $HfO_2/Al_2O_3$ laminate 등의 high-k dielectric 물질들이 연구되고 있다[1]. High-k dielectric 물질의 전기적 특성은 박막 조성, 두께 및 전극과의 계면에 생성되는 계면 층이나 불순물(Impurity) 거동에 크게 의존하므로 High-k dielectric/전극(Metal or Si) 구조에서 조성 및 불순물의 거동에 대한 정확한 평가가 주요 쟁점으로 부각되고 있다. 이를 평가하기 위해 일반적으로 $Ar^+$ ion에 의한 depth profiling 분석이 진행되나 Oxygen 원자의 선택적 식각에 기인된 분석 깊이 분해능(Depth Resolution) 왜곡으로 계면 층의 형성이나 불순물의 거동을 정확하게 평가할 수 없다. 이러한 예로는 $Ta_2O_5$$SrBi_2Ta_2O_9$와 같은 다 성분 계 산화막에 $Ar^+$ ion 주사 시 발생하는 선택적인 식각(Preferential Sputtering) 때문에 박막의 실제 조성 및 거동을 평가하는 것은 어렵다고 보고된 바 있다[2,3]. 본 연구에서는 $90{\AA}$인 적층 $Hf_xO_y/Al_xO_y/Hf_xO_y$ 구조에서의 불순물 거동 분석 능력 확보 상 주요 인자인 깊이 분해능 개선을 Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy(SIMS)의 primary ion 종, impact energy 및 주사 각도를 변화시켜 ~1 nm 수준까지 구현하였다. 이러한 분석 깊이 분해능의 개선은 Low Impact Energy, 입사 이온의 glancing angle 및 Cluster ion 적용에 의존하며 이들 요인의 효과에 대해 비교/고찰하고자 한다.

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전계방사형 주사전자현미경에 의한 연속블록면 이미징 (Serial Block-Face Imaging by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy)

  • 김기우
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • 제41권3호
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    • pp.147-154
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    • 2011
  • 후방산란전자(BSE)는 입사전자빔이 시료와 충돌하면서 발생한다. BSE 이미징은 시료의 화학적 특성을 구분할 수 있는 조성대비를 제공한다. 집속이온빔장치(FIB)는 전계방사형 주사전자현미경(FESEM)과 결합할 수 있으므로 이중빔 체계(FIB-FESEM)가 구현된다. 갈륨(Ga) 이온빔으로 10~100 nm 두께로 시료를 절삭할 수 있으므로 FIB-FESEM은 플라스틱으로 포매된 블록의 면을 z축 고해상도를 유지하며 연속적으로 이미징할 수 있다. BSE이미지의 대비를 반전시키면 투과전자현미경의 이미지와 유사하다. 연속블록면 이미징의 또 다른 방안으로써 특수한 초박절편기가 FESEM 내부에 장착된 것이 $3View^{(R)}$로 상용화되어 있다. 이로써 플라스틱으로 포매된 시료의 내부 구조를 넓은 면적을 연속적으로 이미징 할 수 있으므로 3차원 재구성도 용이하게 된다. 이러한 FESEM에 기반한 두 가지 방식은 복잡한 생물계의 총체적인 이해를 위하여 세포 및 세포 수준 이하의 구조물 간의 공간적 연관성을 규명하는 데 활용될 수 있다.

Crystal structure of CodW in Bacillus Subtilis - the first N-terminal serine pretense

  • Park, Seong-Hwan;Park, Hyun-Ho;Lim, Young-Jun;Kang, Min-Suk;Lim, Byung-Kook;Seong, Ihn-Sik;Jimin Wang;Chung, Chin-Ha;Eom, Soo-Hyun
    • 한국결정학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국결정학회 2002년도 정기총회 및 추계학술연구발표회
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    • pp.25-25
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    • 2002
  • CodWX, encoded by the cod operon in Bacillus subtilis, is a member of the ATP-dependent protease complex family, and is homologous to the eukaryotic 26S proteasome. It consists of two multimeric complexes: two hexameric ATPase caps of CodX and a protease chamber consisting of CodW dodecamer. Prior structural studies have shown that the N-terminal threonine residue is solely functional as a proteolytic nucleophile in ATP-dependent proteases such as HslV and certain β-type subunits of 20S proteasome, which have a primary sequence similarity of -50% and -20% with CodW respectively. Here we present a 3.0 Å resolution crystal structure of CodW, which is the first N-terminal serine protease among the known proteolytic enzymes. In spite of the same fold and the conserved contacts between subunits with HslV in E. coli and H. influenza, this structure shows the five additional residues extending from conserved Thr1 among the other ATP-dependent pretense and extraordinary basic proteolytic chamber.

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고립 연결-성분의 방향성 인지에 의한 도로 영역 추출 (Road Extraction by the Orientation Perception of the Isolated Connected-Components)

  • 이우범
    • 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.75-81
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    • 2012
  • 고해상도 위성영상에 내재된 도로 영역의 추출에 있어서 이진화, 잡음 제거, 색처리 등의 전처리 작업에 의해서 추출된 도로 후보 영역에 대한 도로 영역 식별 작업은 가장 중요한 과정이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 전처리 작업에 의해서 추출된 도로 후보 영역에 대해서 대뇌 시각영역에서 발견되는 신경 세포(Neuron cell)의 방향-선택적 인지 기능을 계산 모델화한 공간필터(Orientation-selective spatial filter)를 적용하여 도로 영역을 식별하는 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 전처리 결과 고립된 연결 성분으로 라벨링 된 각각의 도로후보 영역에 대해서 신경 세포형 방향 필터를 적용한 후, 강한 방향 성분이 인지된 영역을 도로 영역으로 식별한다. 제안한 방법의 성능 평가를 위해서는 위성영상으로부터 추출된 도로 후보 영역에 대해서 도로, 비도로 부류의 혼동 행렬(Confusion matrix)을 이용한 식별 정확 및 오류율을 측정하여 보인다. 실험 결과, 본 논문에서 제안한 방향 선택적 필터 기반의 방법은 추출된 도로 후보 영역에 대해서 92% 이상의 도로 식별 정확성을 보였다.

A Review on the Photochemical Oxidant Modeling as Applied to Air Quality Studies in Complex Terrain

  • Lee Hwa-Woon;Kim Yoo-Keun;Won Gyeong-Mee;Park Jong-Kil
    • Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.19-33
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    • 1997
  • The high oxidants, which occur the daily maximum concentrations in the afternoon, are transported into the other region via long range transport mechanisms or trapped within the shallow mixing boundary layer and then removed physically (deposition, transport by mountain wind, etc.) and chemically (reaction with local sources). Therefore, modeling formation of photochemical oxidants requires a complex description of both chemical and meteorological processes. In this study, as a part of air quality studies, we reviewed various aspects of photochemical modeling on the basis of currently available literature. The result of the review shows that the model is based on a set of coupled continuity equations describing advection, diffusion, transport, deposition, chemistry, emission. Also photochemical oxidant models require a large amount of input data concerned with all aspects of the ozone life cycle. First, emission inventories of hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides, with appropriate spatial and temporal resolution. Second, chemical and photochemical data allowing the quantitative description of the formation of ozone and other photochemically-generated secondary pollutants. Third, dry deposition mechanisms particularly for ozone, PAN and hydrogen peroxide to account for their removal by absorption on the ground, crops, natural vegetation, man-made and water surfaces. Finally, meteorological data describing the transport of primary pollutants away from their sources and of secondary pollutants towards the sensitive receptors where environmental damage may occur. In order to improve our present study, shortcomings and limitation of existing models are pointed out and verification process through observation is emphasized.

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