• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.441-446
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• 2009

본 연구는 부동산종합정보시스템을 구현하기 위한 중요한 프로그램 중의 하나인 권리분석 프로그램, 특히 전세위험진단 프로그램의 개발에 대하여, 신뢰성을 기반으로 하는 시스템의 개발을 제안하고 있다. 기존의 연구에서는 모든 입력자료를 사용자가 전수 입력하고 프로그램은 단순히 계산만 하여 제공하는 방식을 취하고 있었다. 이러한 것은 사용자로 하여금 불편함을 느끼게 하고 전세위험진단 프로그램의 신뢰성을 저하시키는 요인으로 작용하였던 것이다. 따라서 본 논문에서 제시하는 프로그램은 사용자가 입력할 부분을 최소화시키고 기존의 매물자료와 경매자료를 활용하여 부동산가격을 시스템이 제공하도록 하는데 큰 차이가 있다. 또한 위험의 여부를 제시할 뿐만 아니라 위험에 대하여 설명하고, 위험을 통제할 수 있는 방안을 추가적으로 제시하여 사용자가 보다 더 위험을 잘 인식할 수 있도록 하는 것이 개발된 시스템의 주요한 특징이라고 할 수 있다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.367-391
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• 2013

후쿠시마원자력발전소의 사고를 계기로 원전의 안전대책비용, 사고위험대응비용과 같은 외부비용들의 존재가 부각되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 원전의 외부비용들 중에서 추가안전대책비용과 사고위험대응비용을 추정하고, 이를 발전원가 및 전기요금에 반영하여 변화정도를 살폈다. 원전의 추가안전대책비용은 70~90%의 이용률에서 0.53원/kWh~0.80원/kWh으로 원전의 발전원가에 큰 영향을 미치지는 않는다. 사고위험대응비용은 원전사고피해규모별, 사고발생빈도별, 이용률별로 0.0025원/kWh~26.4188원/kWh로 추정되었다. 사고위험대응비용을 포함시키면 원전발전원가는 47.58원/kWh~85.92원/kWh가 된다. 2011년을 기준으로 사고위험대응비용을 내부화한 경우의 전기요금의 증가율은 70~90%의 이용률에서 0.001%~10.0563% 로 추정되었다. 본 연구는 원전의 외부비용을 내부화하는 방법으로서 외부비용을 발전원가에 포함하여 전기요금에 반영하였다. 본 연구는 지금까지 우리나라에 논의되지 않았던 원전 외부비용을 내부화하는 방법의 하나가 될 것이다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.234-243
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• 1994

This research has studied situational effects on the perceived risk and store choice behavior. Data were obtained from 388 females with full-time jobs living in Pusan. The results analyzed by Spearman's rank correlation analysis, analysis of variance(ANOVA), 1-test and discriminant analysis. The results of this study were as follows; 1. There were significant differences in percieved risk according to the clothing purchasing situations. Performance risk was perceived high in gift-shopping situation and time-pressured situation, and financial risk was perceived high in self-shoving situation. 2. There were particularly significant differences in store attributes evaluation according to the clothing purchasing situations. In self-shopping situation, price, quality and reliability, store loyalty were evaluated as important store attributes. In gift-shopping situation, quality and reliability, product iuomation and in time-pressured situation, store loyalty and product information were evaluated as important store attributes. 3. Consumers preferred national brand franchise stores in self-shopping situation. They preferred department stores in gift-shopping situation and time-pressured situation. The types of selected store were mainly affetted by shopping convenience and location convenience.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 1th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.1002-1006
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• 2005

When we compare CM system with Design Bid Build system, we can see two striking features in CM system. First, CMr participates in construction team along with Owner, Designer and Constructor. The newcomer can change boundaries of function and responsibility. Second, Compatibility through each phase and Objectivity of decision-making become more important, because relation among stakeholders changes from a rectilinear to a network. However, it is not clear how the risk of completion is reasonably treated. So we have to think about the relations between Owner and CMr, CMr and Specialist Contractor from a point of trade risk. This paper covers them.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.675-685
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• 2010

This study analyzed risk perception and risk reduction behaviors of male and female college students in their twenties who purchased fashion products in internet shopping malls. It also investigated the relationship between risk perception and risk reduction behavior as well as the ways in which groups, categorized by risk perception, differed in their risk reduction behaviors. The results of this study were as follows: first, seven factors of risk perception were identified. These were product quality, shipping, product image, payment, economic feasibility, fear of other people's reactions, and size. Six types of risk reduction behavior were also identified. These were product comparison, word-of-mouth information search, price search, preference for name-brand, service comparison, and referring to experiences. Next, a correlational analysis of the factors of risk perception and those of risk reduction behavior showed several patterns. The highest positive correlation was between economic risk perception and product comparison behavior. In addition, shipping risk perception was positively correlated with service comparison behavior and product quality and product image had a positive correlation with word-of-mouth information search behavior. Third, customers of internet shopping malls could be categorized into three groups: shipping risk perception group, high risk perception group, and product quality risk perception group. The groups were shown by factor analysis to be significantly different to each other. Finally, risk reduction behavior was investigated according to the different groups of risk perception of the internet shopping malls and the results showed significant differences among groups.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.660-673
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• 2022

In achieving carbon neutrality and the hydrogen economy, the estimation of H₂ cost is critical in terms of CCU technologies. This study analyzes LCOH of hydrogen produced by the carbon utilization unit with methane reforming and CO₂ from thermal power plant. LCOH for H₂ made with CO is estimated in three ways of Joint Cost Allocations with financial performance risk assessment. Regarding cost analysis, the zero value of LCOH is $6,003/ton. We found that the CCU technology has economic feasibility in terms of profitability. The sensitivity analysis result shows that the input ratio is more influential to the LCOH than other variables. Risk analysis presents the baseline price of zero value of LCOH - $8,408/ton, which is higher than the cost analysis - $6,003/ton. Mainly, the price variability of natural gas primarily affects the LCOH. The study has significant value in analyzing the financial performance risks as well as the cost of H₂ produced by a Plasma-based CCU system.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.417-440
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• 2004

미국의 PJM(Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland) 전기도매시장의 전기 가격을 가변 전환확률 국면전환모형(regime switching model with time-varying transition probability model)을 이용해서 추정해보았다. 전기수요뿐만 아니라 기온을 전환확률 방정식의 설명변수로 포함시킴으로써 전기가격이 낮은 국면에서 높은 국면으로 전환할 확률의 문턱점(threshold) 효과가 뚜렷이 향상되었다. 따라서 도매전기가격의 스파이크(spike) 발생을 예측할 수 있게 되는 것이다. 이는 또한 미국의 도매시장 전기가격의 스파이크는 기온에 의해서도 잘 설명되며, 이를 이용하여 날씨관련 파생상품이나 계약을 통해서 도매전기 구입비용의 위험을 해지할 수 있다는 것을 의미한다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2020

Past literatures have not studied the impact of real-world events or information on the return and volatility of virtual currencies, particularly on the COVID-19 event, day-of-the-week effect, daily high-low price spreads and information flow rate. The study uses the ARMA-GARCH model to capture Bitcoin's return and conditional volatility, and explores the impact of information flow rate on conditional volatility in the Bitcoin market based on the Mixture Distribution Hypothesis (Clark, 1973). There were 3,064 samples collected during the period from 1^st of January 2012 to 20^th April, 2020. Empirical results show that in the Bitcoin market, a daily high-low price spread has a significant inverse relationship for daily return, and information flow rate has a significant positive relationship for condition volatility. The study supports a significant negative relationship between information asymmetry and daily return, and there is a significant positive relationship between daily trading volume and condition volatility. When Bitcoin trades on Saturday & Sunday, there is a significant reverse relationship for conditional volatility and there exists a day-of-the-week volatility effect. Under the impact of COVID-19 event, Bitcoin's condition volatility has increased significantly, indicating the risk of price changes. Finally, the Bitcoin's return has no impact on COVID-19 events and holidays (Saturday & Sunday).

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2018

Purpose - Consumers perceive various risks while using food service franchise stores. Food service franchise stores offer consumers not just menus, but services, physical environment, and prices, which can be perceived as risk to consumers. This means that consumer behavior in foos service franchise stores needs to be studied based on perceived risk theory. Perceived risk consists of performance risk, financial risk, social risk, psychological risk, and time risk. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of perceived risk on satisfaction and trust, and in turn affect loyalty. The results of this study will provide guidelines for marketers to develop strategies to reduce the perceived risk of consumers. Research design, data, methodology - In order to achieve research purposes, the authors developed several hypotheses. Data were through online survey through an online survey firm. A questionnaire survey was distributed to customers who have visited the restaurant in the past three months. The survey was conducted from March 5, 2017 to October 14, 2017. A total of 1,500 people were e-mailed and 260 were returned. A total of 245 items were used in the analysis except 15 of the questionnaire. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0. Results - The findings of this study are as follows: First, performance risk, economic risk, and psychological risk had negative effects on satisfaction. Social and time risks did not affect on satisfaction. Performance risk and time risk had negative impact on trust. Second, economic, social, and psychological risks did not affect trust, but satisfaction had significant positive effect on trust and loyalty. Third, satisfaction had positive effect on loyalty. Conclusions - The implications of this study are as follows. First, food service franchise marketers should increase their customer loyalty by establishing a risk reduction strategy. Second, there are various risks to customers visiting the store. Therefore, marketers need to analyze the perceived risks of customers. Third, it is also necessary to eliminate the perceived risks of customers. In addition, a restaurant franchise company needs to find a reasonable way to reduce the material cost and present a reasonable menu price.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2013

This article aimed to introduce 'risk sharing' schemes for pharmaceuticals between drug manufacturers and healthcare payer. Published literature review was undertaken to summarize risk sharing concepts and collect information on existing scheme examples in other countries focusing on new anticancer drugs. Risk sharing schemes could be categorized into health outcomes-based and non-outcomes (financial) based ones. Outcome-based schemes could be broken down into performance-linked reimbursement and conditional coverage. Performance-linked reimbursement can be further broken into outcomes guarantee and pattern or process of care and conditional coverage included coverage with evidence development and conditional treatment continuation schemes. Non-outcome based schemes included market share and price volume at population level, and utilization caps and manufacturer funded treatment initiation at patient level. We reviewed the fifteen examples for anticancer drugs that risk sharing agreements in response to the inherent uncertainties and increased costs of eleven anticancer drugs. Of them, eight cases were coverage with evidence development schemes. The anticancer drugs except bevacizumab and cetuximab were all listed on the national health insurance formulary in Korea, with reimbursement criteria defined on the basis of approved indications and administrations. Risk sharing approach may be a useful tool to ensure values for drug expenditure, but there are a number of concerns such as high administration costs, lack of transparency and conflicts of interest, especially for performance-based health outcomes reimbursement schemes.