• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.127-137
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• 2023

Bovine trypanosomiasis is a significant health concern for livestock intensification in Côte d'Ivoire. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of pathogenic trypanosomes and identify the most infected cattle breed in northern Côte d'Ivoire. We examined 700 cattle and found that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was more sensitive (12.3%) than microscopic observation (5.6%). Among the trypanosome species detected in naturally infected cattle, Trypanosoma vivax was 7.3%, Trypanosoma simiae tsavo was 6.7%, and Trypanosoma congolense was 0.4%. The overall prevalence of trypanosome infection in all cattle breeds was 12.3%, while the prevalence in individual breeds was 14.8%, 7.3%, 10.6%, and 12.3% for N'Dama, Baoule, Zebu, and Mere breed, respectively. The infected animals had low packed cell volume, influencing the prevalence. Our findings indicate that bovine trypanosomes are prevalent in Côte d'Ivoire, and their prevalence varies by region and breed. These pathogens include T. vivax, T. simiae tsavo, and T. congolense.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.86 no.4
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• pp.245-250
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• 2023

The healing process of tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TB) results in tracheobronchial fibrosis causing airway stenosis in 11% to 42% of patients. In Korea, where pulmonary TB is still prevalent, post-TB tracheobronchial stenosis (PTTS) is one of the main causes of benign airway stenosis causing progressive dyspnea, hypoxemia, and often life-threatening respiratory insufficiency. The development of rigid bronchoscopy replaced surgical management 30 years ago, and nowadays PTTS is mainly managed by bronchoscopic intervention in Korea. Similar to pulmonary TB, tracheobronchial TB is treated with combination of anti-TB medications. The indication of rigid bronchoscopy is more than American Thoracic Society (ATS) grade 3 dyspnea in PTTS patients. First, the narrowed airway is dilated by multiple techniques including ballooning, laser resection, and bougienation under general anesthesia. Then, most of the patients need silicone stenting to maintain the patency of dilated airway; 1.5 to 2 years after indwelling, the stent could be removed, this has shown a 70% success rate. Acute complications without mortality develop in less than 10% of patients. Subgroup analysis showed successful removal of the stent was significantly associated with male sex, young age, good baseline lung function and absence of complete one lobe collapse. In conclusion, rigid bronchoscopy could be applied to PTTS patients with acceptable efficacy and tolerable safety.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2011

Purpose : In this study, we listed common diseases in pediatric inpatients and evaluated the distribution of diseases by period and age group, in order to estimate the epidemiologic trend. Methods : Patients who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics between 1997 and 2008 were included. Demographic characteristics, date of admission, and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code of patients were indentified. Study period was divided into two; early (1997-2002) and late (2003-2008), and age of patients were grouped into four; infancy, early childhood, late childhood, and adolescence. Results : A total of 33,513 patients were admitted for 12 years. In the list of ICD code, Pneumonia (J12-J18; 21.2%) was the most prevalent, followed by gastroenteritis (A00-A09; 17.8%), bronchiolitis (J21; 11.9%), and so on. Common diseases ranked from 1 to 10 comprised the majority (79.1%) of all the inpatients. There was increase in the number of inpatients with respiratory infectious disease (bronchiolitis, otitis media, and sinusitis), enlarged lymph node, or impetigo/cellulitis, but decrease in the number of inpatients with aseptic meningitis, intussusceptions, measles, or nephritic/nephrotic syndrome. The distribution of diseases also showed age group-specific difference. Conclusion : The distribution of diseases by period and age group was different. The epidemiologic trend should be considered in developing the management of strategy for the Department of Pediatrics.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.581-593
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of the work environments of dental hygienists to their occupational diseases in a bid to provide some information on their health care, health promotion and the prevention of occupational diseases. Methods : The subjects in this study were 300 dental hygienists who worked in Seoul, urban communities involving large cities and rural areas. One-on-one interviews and a self-administered survey were implemented with their consent. Results : The findings of the study were as follows: 1. 60 percent of the dental hygienists investigated replied that they had occupation-related physical symptoms. By the length of service, the dental hygienists who worked for six to 10 years had the most symptoms. 2. Out of the occupation-related symptoms, the most prevalent symptom was a pain in the shoulders and neck(41%), followed by a pain in the lower back, a pain in the legs, a pain in the wrists and skin diseases. The most painful parts of the body were hands and arms. 3. In regard to the relationship between the general characteristics and the intensity of pain, the highest group of the dental hygienists in Seoul replied that they had a severe pain, and the lowest number of those in the large cities gave the same answer. 4. Concerning the cause of occupational diseases, 65.7 percent cited the wrong posture. 5. As to relationship between the general characteristics and regular hospital-visit experiences for the prevention of pain during work hours, many of the dental hygienists who were in their 40s and 50s visited hospitals from time to time, and many of those in their 20s never did that. 6. In regard to links between the general characteristics and an opinion on the necessity of regular education, many of the respondents from Seoul and urban regions involving large cities considered it necessary to receive education on a regular basis. By daily work hours, the highest number of those who worked for eight hours or less considered that necessary, and lots of those who worked for 11 hours didn't consent to that. The gaps between them were statistically significant(p<0.05). Conclusions : Given the findings of the study, daily work hours and length of service were two integral factors to affect the regular hospital-visit experiences and pain, and the wrong posture was identified as the most common cause of occupational diseases. To ensure the successful prevention of occupational diseases, dental hygiene students should be taught the importance of occupational disease before they start to work, and supplementary education should be provided for dental hygienists to work in the right posture.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.216-224
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the periodontal disease awareness and periodontal health status of industrial workers in an attempt to help facilitate their prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. In regard to a knowledge acquisition route on periodontal diseases, the largest number of the industrial workers investigated(36.3%) learned about the diseases from dental hospitals. As to scaling cycle, the younger workers deemed it necessary to get their teeth scaled every six months. In contrary, the older workers considered it advisable to do that about once a year. Age made a statistically significant difference to that (p<.05). 2. As for the state of the periodontal diseases of the workers, the greatest group (26.5%) found themselves to have something between their teeth often. The second most prevalent peridontal disease was gingival bleeding(24.5%), and the third largest group(24.5%) had teeth that were sensitive to cold. The fourth greatest group(15.9%) had the swollen gums from time to time, and the fifth largest group(4.5%) had shaken teeth. 3. Concerning the cause of periodontal diseases, the largest group (48.8%) cited an incorrect toothbrushing. As to the prevention of periodontal diseases, the greatest group(66.8%) viewed the right toothbrushing as the best way for that as well.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.45-58
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• 2002

Appearance of a new disease can be seen as a raising a question to the established medicine system. If the problem can not be solved, the established medicine system becomes a degenerating program. So, the process of discovering the nature of a disease and giving a medical explanation was studied focused on smallpox. When smallpox was infected in the begining, many were killed especially mortality of young people were high. It is a general process of contagious diseases known as an epidemic. When the plague is prevalent continuously, it comes to stay and becomes a pediatric disease called smallpox. Time of discovering the nature of smallpox and giving a medical explanation and the time that came to stay are correspondant. This process of medical explanation is a dialectical process.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.101-103
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• 2008

Many neurologists, particularly whose subspecialty is in peripheral neurology, may agree that patients with peripheral neuropathy often complain of the "restless legs" symptoms. These symptoms seem to share the typical features of the so-called "restless legs syndrome (RLS)", i.e., unpleasant sensations in the leg/feet, worsening in the evening or at night, and the partial relief of the positive sensory symptoms by the movements such as walking, shaking or rubbing. In fact, a higher incidence of RLS was reported among the neuropathic patients, and peripheral neuropathy was found to be more prevalent in patients with RLS than in general population. Moreover, RLS share many risk factors with peripheral neuropathy such as diabetes, uremia, amyloidosis and cryoglobulinemia, which suggests that peripheral neuropathy may play a pathophysiologic role in the development of RLS.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.319-323
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• 2012

In recent years, egg allergy has been raised as the most prevalent food hypersensitivity in the pediatric population. One of the major egg allergens is ovalbumin (OVA) which is the major protein in egg white, comprising 54% of its total protein content. Parthenolide isolated from Tanacetum partheniumb has been used to treat many chronic diseases for many years. In the present report, we present biochemical evidence that parthenolide inhibits the nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) activation induced by OVA. Parthenolide also inhibits OVA-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. These data suggest new approaches for the efficient alleviation of the allergic symptoms.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2016

Dracunculiasis, otherwise known as guinea worm disease (GWD), is caused by infection with the nematode Dracunculus medinensis. This nematode is transmitted to humans exclusively via contaminated drinking water. The transmitting vectors are Cyclops copepods (water fleas), which are tiny free-swimming crustaceans usually found abundantly in freshwater ponds. Humans can acquire GWD by drinking water that contains vectors infected with guinea worm larvae. This disease is prevalent in some of the most deprived areas of the world, and no vaccine or medicine is currently available. International efforts to eradicate dracunculiasis began in the early 1980s. Most dentists and maxillofacial surgeons have neglected this kind of parasite infection. However, when performing charitable work in developing countries near the tropic lines or other regions where GWD is endemic, it is important to consider GWD in cases of swelling or tumors of unknown origin. This paper reviews the pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical criteria, diagnostic criteria, treatment, and prevention of dracunculiasis. It also summarizes important factors for maxillofacial surgeons to consider.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.81-85
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• 2006

Community acquired pneumonia(CAP) is the most prevalent disease among pneumonia patients and progressed to severe pneumonia. A retrospective study was performed to evaluate antibiotic regimens according to guidelines of Infectious Disease Society of America. From January to October 2005, chart review of 50 patients with CAP was peformed in terms of microbiology and laboratory data of each regimen. Temperature, WBC count, ALT, AST and alkaline phosphatase of each patient were examined for liver toxicity. In three patients received levofloxacin appeared to have normalized temperature and improved cough. The patients who received cefmetazole -aminoglycoside appeared to have worsen LFT(Liver function test). Many patients in flomoxef-aminoglycoside group received mechanical ventilation because of the basis diseases like tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. In conclusion, antibiotic therapy for the treatment of CAP should be selected according to tolerance, bacteria and severity of disease.