• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2021

Purpose: At acupoint pressure, the pressing direction of all acupoints is usually vertical. However, it is not clear whether the vertical direction is toward the belly button or the body's center in the BL52. In this study, the effective direction of acupressure was studied by measuring the pressure pain threshold according to the direction of acupressure in 30 subjects. Methods: The distance from the subject's GV4 to the left and right BL52 and the distance from GV4 to the navel were measured, and then using the ellipse where the left and right BL52 of GV4 pass through the navel, the angles of the navel direction and the body's center were calculated in the left and right BL52. The pressure at the time when the subjects felt pain while pressing the BL52 in two directions was used as the acupressure pain threshold. The pain threshold was measured 3 times at 3 minute intervals on the left and right BL52s of the subject. Results: The acupressure pain threshold measured in the left and right BL52 of the subjects was significantly decreased when pressed toward the trunk center (p < .05). In BL52, it was more sensitive to pressure when the direction of pressure is toward the body's center. Conclusions: Acupressure therapy of acupoint is more sensitive to external stimuli than the surrounding. In this study, acupressure directed toward the trunk center is more efficient than toward the belly button in BL52.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.117-124
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• 2002

Poor posture of the neck and head long been recognized as a factor contributing to the onset and perpetuation of pain in the head and neck region. The purposes of the study were to evaluate the changes in forward head posture and pressure pain threshold in tension type headache group and control group. Forward head posture were measured to craniovertebral angle and cranial rotation angle. Craniovertebral angle was smaller in tension type headache group(p<0.05), and cranial rotation angle was larger in tension type headache group(p<0.05). Pressure pain threshold was similar between tension type headache group and control group with the exception of right suboccipitalis and left temporalis(p<0.05).

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.48-60
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• 2018

The experiments were carried out during a total of nine sessions, that is, 3 sessions over 3 days. The CK levels decreased depending on the experiment session ($P{\leq}0.05$), but there was no significant difference ($P{\leq}0.05$) between the experimental group and the control group. Pressure threshold levels significantly decreased depending on the experiment session and the treatments had higher effects in the experimental group. VAS figures significantly decreased depending on the experiment session ($P{\leq}0.005$) and the treatments had higher effects in the experimental group. The results of this study verified the contention that applying vibration treatment immediately after inducing DOMS is more effective in terms of pressure pain threshold (PPT) and VAS, but not CK levels, than applying the treatment 24 hours after inducing DOMS. In addition, the experimental group showed a statistically significant difference compared to the control group. Therefore, it was concluded that applying vibration treatment immediately after inducing DOMS can be used as a DOMS treatment method.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.1339-1348
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• 2003

Several factors, including peak dp/dt of the ventricular pressure and maximum closing velocity of leaflet have been studied as indices of the cavitation threshold. In the present study, just before closing velocity of the leaflet has been studied as indices of the cavitation threshold, and cavitation erosion on the surface of a mechanical valve was examined by focusing on squeeze flow and the water hammer phenomenon during the closing period of the valve. A simple solenoid-actuated test device that can directly control the valve closing velocity was developed, and opening-closing tests of 3,000 and 40,000 cycles were performed at various closing velocities. There was a closing velocity threshold to occur erosion pitting of valve surface, and its value was about 0.4 m/s in this study. Cavitation-induced erosion pits were observed only in regions where squeeze flow occurred immediately before valve closure On the other hand, the number of the pits was found to be closely related to an area of water hammer-induced pressure wave below the critical pressure defined by water vapor pressure. Therefore, it was concluded that cavitation is initiated and augmented by the two pressure drops due to squeeze flow and water hammer phenomenon, respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.199-205
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted for evaluating whether the postpartum women has lower threshold than healthy non delivered women and men. Methods: We divided the groups by three. Group I is consist of postpartum women who have delivered within 7days. Group II is nonparous women, and the Group III is consist of men. Pain threshold in 6 specific points was measured using the digital algometer from each groups. Results: Pain threshold was obviously higher in Group III than Group I, II, And group II’s threshold was significantly higher than group I’s Conclusion: This study shows the postpartum women had lower pressure pain threshold than non delivered women and men. So clinicians should consider the physiologic and psychologic aspects for the pain control if they meet postpartum women.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of myofascial release technique on pain threshold and hormonal changes in patients with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder. Methods: Eight patients with adhesive capsulitis were treated with the myofascial release technique. Myofascial release is a form of manual therapy that involves the application of a low load, long duration stretch to the myofascial complex, intended to restore optimal length, decrease pain, and improve function. Blood tests and pressure pain threshold (PPT) examinations were performed on their first visit. On their second visit, the myofascial release technique was applied to the shoulder for 20 min. Then, blood tests and PPT were re-evaluated to determine the effects of the myofascial release technique on pain threshold and hormonal changes. Results: Pain threshold increased from 2.92 to 24.13 lb after treatment. Epinephrine decreased from .13 to .08 ng/mL whereas norepinephrine increased from .25 to .41ng/㎖ after treatment. Conclusion: Myofascial release technique in patients with adhesive capsulitis increased pain thresholds, norepinephrine and decreased epinephrine levels.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.580-583
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• 2012

The dependency of processing pressure on the electrical performances in amorphous silicon-zinc-tin-oxide thin film transistors (SZTO-TFT) has been investigated. The SZTO channel layers were deposited by using radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering method with different partial pressure. The field effect mobility (${\mu}_{FE}$) increased and threshold voltage ($V_{th}$) shifted to negative direction with increasing pressure during deposition processing. As a result, oxygen vacancies generated in SZTO channel layer with increasing partial pressure resulted in negative shift in $V_{th}$ and increase in on-current.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.41-50
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• 1991

This study investigated the variation of the threshold strain and pore water pressure response of the coils at high amplitude vibration using resonant column test. As a result of tests, threshold shear strains of soft clay, clean quartz sand and stiff volcanic deposit were turned out to be 1$\times$10-2%, 1$\times$10-3%, 1$\times$10-4% respectively. Also, threshold shear Strain was found to be changed with confining pressure for the clean quartz sand. An increase of pore water pressure with shear strain was not significant within the shear strain 3~4$\times$10-3%, but it was abruptly increased beyond shear strain 1$\times$10-2%.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.379-385
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was to determine the immediate effects of pulsed magnetic field (PMF) in subjects with upper trapezius (UT) trigger point (TrP). Methods: Fifteen subjects with UT TrP were recruited for the study's PMF group (pain threshold=$2.29kg/cm^2$), and 15 age-, weight-, and gender-matched subjects with UT TrP were recruited for control group (pain threshold=$2.25kg/cm^2$). Pressure algometer was used to measure pressure pain threshold on UT TrP and, cervical range of motion (ROM) inclinometer was used to measure cervical ROM. Surface electromyography was used to record UT, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior muscle activity and relative ratio during scapular plane abduction between pre- and post-treatment. Results: The PMF effectively improved pain threshold and concurrently increased ROM (rotation to the painful side, lateral flexion to the nonpainful side). In addition, the PMF may effectively deactivate UT activity during abduction and the muscle activity ratio between UT and serratus anterior. Conclusion: These findings provided empirical evidence that PMF can be an effective treatment method to reduce pain threshold, to increase cervical ROM, and deactivate UT activity in individuals with TrP.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.3088-3095
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pilates exercises on the improvement of blood pressure and respiratory function. 36 subjects which were randomly divided into Pilates exercises group(n=18) and control group(n=18). Subjects in the Pilates exercises group were regularly participated in Pilates exercise program for 8 weeks. We were measured the blood pressure and respiratory function such as blood pressure, VO2max, METs, and Anaerobic threshold at before and after the experiment. After 8 weeks, in Pilate exercises group, there were significant improvement on blood pressure and respiratory function except the diastolic blood pressure. And subjects participated in Pilates exercise group were significantly improved compared to control group on systolic blood pressure, VO2max, METs, and Anaerobic threshold. But in control group, there were no significant differences. In conclusion, regular participation in Pilates exercises improved the blood pressure and respiratory function. These results suggest that Pilates exercise is the method that replace aerobic exercise.