• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.40
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• pp.94-101
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• 2003

This study is mentioning about basic information and guide related block types, through a comparison and an analysis of floor types which is shown as function in block types and public interior spaces. For the range of this survey, it is defind in the beginning of 1970' s to the end of 1990' s which was rapidly developed in hotel industry and also is chosen by 12 places in the first class hotels. On the purpose of this study is written by designing the basic information of architectures, new hotels which are built and managed in urban, refer to the survey and analysis of the characteristic in hotel. The following is conclusion by based on pre-survey of the analysis of a plan and a site in these hotels. First, as a result of analysis in block type, there are equally distributed in three types (in-type, combination type, close-type), except a atrium type exception, in 12 hotels(100%). Second, as a result of analysis of function type in public interior space, Con-course type is consist of 7(58%), Hall type is 5(42%) in the type of room in public interior space, in 12 hotels(100%). Third, the type in lobby on space plan are equally shown by the type of lobby in center(4PL.), of lounge in center(4PL.), and a compromising type(4PL.).

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.2676-2681
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• 2003

The Haptic Exploration Laboratory at The Johns Hopkins University is currently exploring many problems related to haptics (force and tactile information) in human-machine systems. We divide our work into two main areas: virtual environments and robot-assisted manipulation systems. Our interest in virtual environments focuses on reality-based modeling, in which measurements of the static and dynamic properties of actual objects are taken in order to produce realistic virtual environments. Thus, we must develop methods for acquiring data from real objects and populating pre-defined models. We also seek to create systems that can provide active manipulation assistance to the operator through haptic, visual, and audio cues. These systems may be teleoperated systems, which allow human users to operate in environments that would normally be inaccessible due to hazards, distance, or scale. Alternatively, cooperative manipulation systems allow a user and a robot to share a tool, allowing the user to guide or override the robot directly if necessary. Haptics in human-machine systems can have many applications, such as undersea and space operations, training for pilots and surgeons, and manufacturing. We focus much of our work on medical applications.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2004

This study compared the shaping ability of nickel-titanium rotary files with different rake angle and radial land. The nickel-titanium files used in this study were Profile(Dentsply, Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), Hero 642(Micromega, Besancon, France) and K3 (SybronEndo, Glendora, Ca, USA) file. Resin blocks substituted for root canals. 36 resin blocks were divided into 3 groups with 12 canals each The time for canal preparation was recorded. The images of pre- and postoperative resin canal were scanned and those were superimposed Amounts of canal deviation, total canal widths, inner canal widths, and outer canal widths were measured at apical 1, 2 ,3, 4, 5, 6, and 7mm levels. The amount of canal deviation was the smallest in Profile group , and the time far canal preparation was the shortest in Hero 642 group. K3 group resulted in competent characteristics in both measurements. Positive rake angle seemed to result in fast shaping of root canal and radial land guide the instrument in center of the canals and around curvatures. Radial land also tended to reduce the sense of screwing into the root canal. The proper selection of the nickel-titanium fie based on the knowledge about file design is needed for the safer, simpler and faster root canal therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.466-475
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• 2011

The dyeing properties of protein fiber with pine needles colorants were studied through an investigation of the effect of dyeing conditions such as dye concentration, dyeing temperatures and time on dye uptakes, effect of mordants, and color change. In addition, the various colorfastness of dyed silk and wool fabrics were evaluated for practical use. The antimicrobial ability, ultraviolet-cut ability, and deodorant ability were also estimated. The dye uptake increased as the dyeing concentration increased and this enabled the obtainment of the Langmuir absorption isotherm. The dye uptake increased as the dyeing time and temperature increased. Pine needles colorants showed relatively good affinity to protein fiber and produced a yellow color. Post-mordanting was more effective than the pre-mordanting, and the dye uptake of fabrics improved by mordanting. Except for washing, the colorfastness of dyed fabrics showed a low rating. However, the colorfastness to light and the dry cleaning of fabrics mordanted with N.Cu, and the friction fastness of fabrics mordanted with Cu improved. The guide fabrics showed very good antimicrobial abilities of 99.9%; in addition, the ultraviolet-cut ability and deodorant ability improved in fabrics dyed with pine needles extracts.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.108-122
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• 2005

The gait training strategy in very important things for central nervous system(CNS) injury patients. There are many method and strategy for regaining of the gait who had CNS injury. A human being has central pattern generator(CPG) is spinal CPG for locomotion. It is a neural network which make the cyclical patterns and rhythmical activities for walking. Sensory input from loading and hip position is essential for CPG stimulation that makes the central neural rhythm and pattern generating structure. From sensory input, the proprioceptive information facilitate proximal muscles that controlled in voluntarily from cortical level and visual and / or acoustical information facilitate distal muscles that controlled voluntarily from subcortical level. Gait training method can classify that is functional level and structural level. Functional level includ level surface gait, going up and down the stair. It is important to facilitate a guide tempo in order to activate the central pattern generators. During the functional test or functional activities, can point out the poor period in gait that have to be facilitate in structural level. There are many access methods with patient position and potentiality. The methods are using of rhythmic initiation, replication and combination of isotonic with standing position. Clinically using it on weight transfer onto the stance leg, loading response, loading response and pre-swing, terminal stance, up and downwards stairs.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.839-844
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• 2011

Various technologies such as infrared light, ultrasonic waves, RFID, GPS, UWB, and signal indicators have been incorporated in the location tracking system. However, such pre-existing systems require location recognition in shadow areas. This study proposes a location tracking system that utilizes Cooperative Spectrum Sensing. Cooperative Spectrum Sensing is not only able to track the location and path of moving objects but also recognize when objects breakaway from the path set by sensors and guide them back. In addition, it has the advantage of being more efficient in terms of frequency usage. It is able to automatically fix power transmission and frequency modulation for transmission cognitive users to an optimum level within the range that does not cause interference for primary users.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.20-29
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• 2016

Although a number of chemical accidents have been occurred in South Korea, the effective prevention act for soil contamination has not been established so far. To effectively protect soil contamination from chemical accidents, decision support laws and regulations are absolutely essential. Regarding this situation, this study was aimed at diagnosing problems in current chemical safety management and prevention and response system against chemical accidents through analyzing the domestic and foreign causes of chemical accidents and the accident response procedures and finally suggesting policy measures for solving those problems. In order to clarify management of soil contamination by chemical accident, this study suggests the establishment of chemical accident preparedness, response, and making of local chemical management law and policy. This law needs to be supported by a clear management framework to guide government officials and all other stakeholders in the management of soil contamination by chemical accident.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 1986

One important element of a systematic approach to the management and control of the flow of people over an urban street network is the monitoring and evaluation of system performance. The nature of TSM strategies that, in part, differentiates them from traditional long-range transportation improvement alternatives is that they are less costly, are more quickly implemented and modified, and are often oriented toward sub-area problems which must be addressed at a more microscopic level of analysis. These factors suggest that pre-implementation evaluations of alternative TSM actions will often have to rely on quick-turn around, manual methods of analysis to guide the choice of which management action should be implemented. This paper was prepared to focus on the definition and importance of TSM, specifically associated with monitoring and evaluating traffic performance in the context of TSM startegies. A simple case study of reversible lane technique was presented. The purposes of the case study is to illustrate the methodology of evaluating TSM strategies and demonstrate to identify the benefit from the reversible lane technique, which may otherwise be overlooked in real world. Applying the reversible lane technique to Sam-Il elevate highway, it was found to be a very promising low cost alternative to reduce total travel time(or delay) and fuel consumption.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.41
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• pp.23.1-23.10
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• 2019

The choice of surgical technique in orthognathic surgery is based primarily on the surgical treatment objectives (STO), which is a fundamental component of the orthognathic treatment process. In the conventional orthodontics-first approach, presurgical planning can be performed twice, during the preorthodontic (initial STO) and presurgical phases (final STO). Recently, a surgery-first orthognathic approach (SFA) without presurgical orthodontic treatment has been introduced and combined initial and final STO at the same time. In contrast to the conventional surgical-orthodontic treatment protocol that includes preoperative orthodontics for dental decompensations to maximize stable postoperative occlusion, the SFA potentially shortens the treatment period and minimizes esthetic concerns during the decompensation period because skeletal problems are corrected from the beginning. The indications for the SFA have been proposed in the literature, but no consensus exists. Moreover, because dental occlusion of the pre-orthodontic arches cannot be used as a guide for establishing the surgical treatment plan, there are fundamental limitations in accurate prediction of postsurgical results in the SFA. Recently, the concepts of postsurgical orthodontic treatment are continuously changing and evolving to overcome this inherent limitation of the SFA. The elimination of presurgical orthodontics can change the paradigm of orthognathic surgery but still requires cautious case selection and thorough discussion and collaboration between orthodontists and surgeons regarding the goals and postoperative management of the orthognathic procedure.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.493-501
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was 1) to classify the stage of adoption 2) to compare the decisional balance and confidence by stage of adoption 3) to identify factors influenced the stage of adoption for breast self exam. Method: A comparative study using a survey method with convenience sample of 143 women was used. Decisional balance and confidence was measured using the CHBMS-K. Stage of adoption for BSE was measured by a single item modified by the researchers based on the Rakowski et al (1992). Result: 1) The number of women in each stage of adoption for BSE was as follows; maintenance phase, 7.7% (n=11), action phase, 49.0% (n=70), contemplation phase, 35.0% (n=50) and pre- contemplation phase, 8.4%(n=12). 2) The mean difference in the decisional balance (F=4.32, p=.006) and confidence (F=13.85, p=.000) according to the stage of BSE adoption was statistically significant. 3) Prevention education and confidence accounted for 32% of variance in BSE. Conclusion: Assessment of decisional balance and stage of adoption for BSE can guide planning for cancer prevention education. We must educate women to have confidence in BSE. Further, it is important to urge women to continually practice BSE.