• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.612-618
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• 1999

Physicochemical properties of amaranth starch were compared with those of waxy rice and waxy corn starches. Amaranth starch granules vary from $1.1{\sim}1.9\;{\mu}m$ in diameter and are polygonal in shape. Total amylose contents from waxy rice, waxy corn and amaranth starches were 0.01, 0.03 and 0.07%, respectively. Swelling power of amaranth starch granule was slightly different from waxy rice. The swelling power of amaranth increased at $70^{\circ}C$. X-ray diffraction patterns of amaranth and other waxy cereal starches showed an A-type crystalline structure. Relative crystallinities of their starches were similar. According to pasting properties by Rapid Visco-Analyzer, amaranth starch showed a very high gelatinization temperature $(75.1^{\circ}C)$ and lower viscosity and higher stability than other waxy cereal starches during heating and cooling cycle. Peak onset temperatures (To) of starches from waxy rice, waxy corn and amaranth in DSC thermograms were $58.7{\sim}64.0$, 67.2 and $71.5^{\circ}C$, respectively, and their peak enthalpies were similar. Enthalpy of reheated amaranth starch after 3 day storage at $4^{\circ}C$ was higher than those of waxy corn and rices starchs.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.622-626
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• 1991

Antioxygenic effects of browning reaction product(BRP) obtained from 2M L-ascorbic acid(AsA) solution by heating at $85^{\circ}C$ were investigated. BRP obtained from AsA solution(pH 2.30) without pH adjusting showed slightly antioxygenic effect. As heating time increased, powers of antioxygenic activity of BRP did not increase. Retained AsA after heating did not effect antioxygenic activity of AsA solution. After adjusting pH of AsA solution to 2.3, 4.0, 7.0, 9.0 and 11.5 respectively, BRP were obtained from these AsA solution by heating at $85^{\circ}C$ for 15 hrs. Among these BRPs, BRPs of pH 2.3 and 4.0 showed no antioxygenic effect, lower browning degree and higher retained AsA, but had stronger reducing power. While those of pH 7.0, 9.0 and 11.5 had stronger antioxygenic activity, higher browing degree and lower retained AsA, but showed weaker reducing power. After adjusting pH of AsA solution to 7.0, antioxygenic activities of BRP which was obtained from this AsA solution by heating respectively at $85^{\circ}C$ for 0, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 25 hrs increased in proportion to heating time.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.563-573
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• 2017

Coal ash is generated from coal-fired thermal power plants every year. The remaining quantity of coal ash ends up in the landfills except for the recycled portion, and the existing ash pond capacity is limited almost. Currently, the difficulties are faced in building a new ash treatment plant because of the concerns about the environmental impacts of landfills at individual plant facilities. In terms of minimizing the environmental impact, the recycling and effective uses of coal ash are recognized as urgent issues to be challenged. Accordingly, this study examines the obstacles in expanding the recycling of the coal ash in South Korea and proposes solutions based on the case study analysis. The analysis results are as follows: 1) specific recycling guidelines and standards are required to be established in accordance with the contact medium (soil, ground water, surface water and sea water) and the chemical. 2) by providing the recognition environmentally safe in recycling the coal ash, transparency in establishing the planning stages and active communication with the community through promotion and research are essentially needed. 3) practical support system is required to encourage the power plant companies to use the coal ash as beneficial use.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.35
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• pp.1-30
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• 1998

The primary objectives of this research is to identify (1) demographic and behavioral characteristics of donors for social welfare organizations in Korea and (2) factors that predicts the degrees of donors' philanthropic effort measured by the fraction of personal income given to these organizations. This study uses the data based on the responses of 191 participants among 500 donors selected randomly from the donor population of 5 major social welfare organizations. In the demographic aspect, this study showed that donors have higher frequencies in college education, Christianity, married status, age of 30s & 40s, and middle class. In the behavioral aspect, this study showed that donors have higher frequencies in inner motivation for philanthropic participation ("joy of giving"), satisfaction about the activities of social welfare organizations, trust toward funds administration of social welfare organizations, and active participation ("solicitation to others") about donation. This study also showed that donor's duration is distributed around 3 years (median) and donors' donation amount is distributed around 20,000 Won (median). This study found that the median value of donors' philanthropic effort is 1.2 percent and the distribution of philanthropic effort by income has the U shape. Finally, using polynomial regression analysis, this study found that the first power and second power of donor's income, age, continuation motivation of donation, and degree of active participation are statistically significant in predicting the degree of donors' philanthropic effort. This study will contribute to expanding knowledge about donors' characteristics and provide a practical implication for financial resource mobilization strategies in nonprofit nongovernmental sector.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2011

In order to screen the functional constituents from nature resource, we studied the bioactivities of methanol extract of the Liriodendron tulipifera branch(MLT). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents, DPPH radical scavenging capacity, reducing power, $Fe^{2+}$ chelating ability, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and cell toxicity of MLT were investigated in this study. We found that the total phenolic and flavonoid content of MLT is 75.34 mg gallic acid/g and 20.15 mg quercetin/g respectively. MLT exhibited the antioxidant activity on DPPH radical with a $EC_{50}$ value of $289.68\;{\mu}g$/mL, the absorbance is 0.388 at $100\;{\mu}g$/mL in reducing power assay, MLT prevented 38.56% lipid peroxidation at $200\;{\mu}g$/mL. Furthermore, MLT exhibits the potent anti-proliferative activity which inhibited 56.94%, 35.73% growth of HT-29 and Hela cell at $200\;{\mu}g$/mL respectively. It showed that the antioxidant activities of MLT were correlated with its total phenolic and flavonoid contents. However further study need to be exploring in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38B no.5
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• pp.394-400
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• 2013

WoT (Web of Things) was proposed to realize intelligent thing to thing communications using WEB standard technology. It is difficult to adapt security protocols suited for existing Internet communications into WoT directly because WoT includes LLN(Low-power, Lossy Network) and resource constrained sensor devices. Recently, IETF standard group propose to use DTLS protocol for supporting security services in WoT environments. However, DTLS protocol is not an efficient solution for supporting end to end security in WoT since it introduces complex handshaking procedures and high communication overheads. We, therefore, divide WoT environment into two areas- one is DTLS enabled area and the other is an area using lightweight security scheme in order to improve them. Then we propose a mutual authentication scheme and a session key distribution scheme for the second area. The proposed system utilizes a smart device as a mobile gateway and WoT proxy. In the proposed authentication scheme, we modify the ISO 9798 standard to reduce both communication overhead and computing time of cryptographic primitives. In addition, our scheme is able to defend against replay attacks, spoofing attacks, select plaintext/ciphertext attacks, and DoS attacks, etc.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.11-19
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• 1999

Fly ash generated from (he pulverized coal power plant have caused the serious ocean pollution due to the disposal in the ash pond, the life reduction of a power plant and the waste of re-utilizable resource The research to reuse the unburned carbon and mineral composing of the ash has been progressed. In this study. the physical and chemical characteristics of high grade ash and unburned carbon particles obtained from countercurrent column flotation are investigated. The cleaned ash of the less 0,5% loss on Ignition(LOI) in carbon content is a spherical sphere and 39.8${\mu}m$ in size of MMD(Mass Median Diameter). 2.22 $m^2/g$ of specific area. The morphology of high LOI carbon particles is a amorphousness, 76.6 ${\mu}m$ of particle size and 15.2 $m^2/g$ of specific The high grade cleaned ash and the high LOI ash have some difference in the light of physical. chemical and morphological characteristics

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.136-145
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• 2013

Currently many studies aimed at enhancing efficacy of medicinal food on biological activity using bioconversion technology including fermentation process. In this study, the quality characteristics and antioxidative activity of fermented Crataegi fructus was investigated. The antioxidant activity of fermented Crataegi Fructus was assessed by various radical scavenging assays using DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power), Reducing power and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)). Moisture content of fermented Crataegi Fructus was $39.3{\pm}0.06%$. Contents of crude ash, crude protein, and crude fat were $0.20{\pm}0.01$, $1.77{\pm}0.04$, and $1.40{\pm}0.59%$, respectively. Moreover, the hunter's color values of fermented Crataegi Fructus were 79.24 (lightnees), 1.58 (redness), and 31.25 (yellowness), respectively. Total phenolic contents of fermented Crataegi Fructus were $3,015{\pm}250$ GAE ${\mu}g/g$. The antioxidative activities of fermented Crataegi Fructus significantly increased in a dose dependent manner. In addition, fermented Crataegi Fructus slightly (10.4%) inhibited ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity; however, there was no inhibitory activity against ${\alpha}$-amylase. In terms of proteolytic activity, fermented Crataegi Fructus showed a strong activity than pancreatin (used as a positive control). These results indicate that fermented Crataegi Fructus can be used as a natural resource for material aiding digestion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.982-990
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• 2019

The interest of researchers and governments in exploiting tidal energy resources is increasing. Jangjuk strait is a place with high tidal energy density potential and is therefore appropriate for the constructing of a tidal turbine farm. In this study, a numerical approach is presented to evaluate the current flow and power potential in Jangjuk strait with an ADCIRC model. Then, the tidal field characteristics are utilized as input parameters for tidal resource calculation with an in-house program. The 1 MW scale tidal energy converter devices are employed and arranged in 4 layouts to investigate the annual energy yield as well as flow deficit due to the wake ef ect at the surveyed area. The best-performed array generates an annual energy yield up to 12.96 GWh/year (without considering the wake effect); this value is reduced by 0.16 GWh/year when accounting for the energy loss caused by the flow deficit. Moreover, by altering the turbine yaw angle during the flood and ebb tides, the impacts of this factor on the energy extraction are analyzed. This indicates that the turbine array attains the maximum tidal power when the turbine yaw angle is at 346° and 164° (clockwise, to the North) for the spring and neap tide in turns.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.176-188
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• 2014

Since the late 1990s, a nationwide movement against dam and river-mouth weir plans in Japan has been promoted with a movement against a river-mouth weir for the Nagara river(長良川). This movement has been a catalyst for institutional frameworks on the central government's dam and river-mouth weir plans. Subsequently, water resource and river management policies have entered a new phase, with provinces governors's participation in "Statements on withdrawal from dam and river-mouth weir" as well as the seizing of power by the Democratic Party. However, problems with dams and river-mouth weirs have been confused due to poor countermeasures from the Democratic Party and to the Liberal Democratic Party(LDP)'s return to power. The fundamental causes on this situation are the non-establishment of fiscal norms for public projects and the rigidity of the water-right allocation system in Jananese policy-making processes. To successfully settle future policy on water resources and rivers, the first priority is to prepare specific institutional frameworks on finance of public projects and to organize a practical policy coordination system among government organizations. These policy tasks provide implications for river and water management policy in Korea.