• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.780-786
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• 2005

This study presents a non-video, non-invasive, automatic, on-site monitoring system the system employs ultrasonic transducers to detect behavior in sows before, during and after parturition. An ultrasonic transmitting/receiving (T/R) circuit of 40 kHz was mounted above a conventional parturition bed. The T/R units use ultrasonic time-of-flight (TOF) ranging technology to measure the height of the confined sows at eight predetermined locations. From this data, three momentary postures of the sow are determined, characterized as standing-posture (SP), lateral-lying-posture (LLP) and sitting posture (STP). By examining the frequencies of position switch Stand-Up-Sequence (SUS) between standing-posture (SP), lateral-lying-posture (LLP) and sitting-posture (STP) rate can be determined for the duration of the sow' confinement. Three experimental pureblooded Landrace sows undergoing normal gestation were monitored for the duration of confinement. In agreement with common observation, the sows exhibited increased restlessness as parturition approached. Analysis of the data collected in our study showed a distinct peak in Stand-Up-Sequence (SUS, i.e. the transition from lying laterally to standing up ) and sitting-posture (STP) rate approximately 12 h prior to parturition, the observed peak being 5 to 10 times higher than observed on any other measurement day. It is concluded that the presented methodology is a robust, low-cost, lowlabor method for the continuous remote monitoring of sows and similar large animals for parturition and other behavior. It is suggested that the system could be applied to automatic prediction of sow parturition, with automatic notification of remote management personnel so human attendance at birth could reduce rates of sow and piglet mortality. The results of this study provide a good basis for enhancing automation and reducing costs in large-scale sow husbandry and have applications in the testing of various large mammals for the effects of medications, diets, genetic modifications and environmental factors.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.183-192
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• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of postural correction training on pulmonary function on 28 college students suspected of turtle neck syndrome, and the following conclusions were obtained. Methods : Turtle neck syndrome suspicion 28 person were randomly divided into a posture training group (n = 14) and group that does not perform posture training (n = 14). Respiratory function was measured by SPIROVIT SP-1 and respiratory gas analyzer. The posture training group performed balloon blowing and stair climbing after 20 minutes of posture training, and the group without posture training carried out balloon blowing training and stair climbing. Five times a week and for two weeks. Results : 1. The comparison of the FVC before and after experiments caused by balloon blowing showed a higher level of effortful pulmonary function in the control group than in the experimental group. 2. Comparison of PEFs before and after the experiment by balloon blowing showed that the experimental group's peak flow rate was higher than that of the control group. 3. Comparison of the FIVC before and after experiments with balloon blowing showed that the comparison of the FIVC showed a higher level of effortless intake pulmonary function in the control group than in the experimental group. 4. The comparison of the maximum ventilation volume(VE) before and after the experimental gas measurement showed that the maximum ventilation rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. 5. The comparison of pre-test and post-test heart rate(HR) by breath gas measurement showed that the heart rate of the control group was higher than that of the experimental group. Conclusion : the results of this study showed that postural correction training, balloon blowing training, and stair climbing could have a positive impact on improving pulmonary function. However, the two-week experiment conducted five times a week showed an increase in pulmonary function, but it was difficult to see the effect due to the short study period. Therefore, it is hoped that later studies will be conducted more systematically on the effects of breathing exercises on improving pulmonary function after post-postural correction training for patients with pulmonary function problems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.1239-1246
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• 2001

This study has analyzed the length, and angle measurements under different conditions supposing that there is a difference in the anthropometric measure of women in old age. As a result, the measurements of chest breath, bust depth, and bust height has decreased when not wearing a brassiere. Also, the neck angle has decreased when straightening oneself, while the angle from the posterior waist to back increased. The elderly Women appear to have a difference in the measurement in accordance with the posture and dress conditions.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.13-22
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• 2009

Objectives : Informations on pulse diagnosis in literature are based on diagnosing pulse waveforms on supine posture. However, today's pulse waveforms are measured on various postures for the convenience of patients or doctors. For objective measurement, the effect of posture on the pulse waveforms should be considered. The objective of this study was to find posture-related changes in the radial pulse waveforms. Methods : We used an instrument, DMP-3000(DAEYOMEDI Co., Ansan, Korea), measuring radial pulse waveforms noninvasively by tonometric method. 25 male subjects participated in the trial. Before measuring radial pulse waveforms subjects had rest for 5 min. The pulse waveforms were measured on the left wrist. Each subject underwent this course on the supine, sitting, and standing posture. We analyzed pulse waveforms with Height-parameters, Time-parameters, Energy, and Elastic rate. Results : Height-parameters(h1~h5) on the supine posture were bigger than those on the sitting and standing posture. In case of Time-parameters, the parameters making up systolic time decrease in order of on standing, sitting, and supine position. However, systolic time and diastolic time didn't have any changes. Energy of pulse was the biggest on supine posture and Elastic rate on standing posture. Conclusions : In this study we found that posture changes affect radial pulse waveforms. For quantification of the changes, more trials should be done. After analyzing much data we might apply parameters of pulse waveforms changed by posture. Also, we might diagnose special disease with properties of pulse waveforms by posture.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

Background: The purpose of this study is to analysis of correlation upper body according to forward head posture. Methods: The subjects of this study were 40 female university students who were equally and randomly allocated to a forward head posture group, normal group. Using general posture system, electromyograph, visual analogue scale, tape measurement, neck disability index were evaluated. Results: There was positive correlation between posture analysis and Sternocleidomastoid, neck flexion (p<.05). There was positive correlation between Craniovertebral angle (CVA) and trapezius upper, VAS (p<.05). There was negative correlation between posture analysis and CVA (p<.05). There was negative correlation between Cranial rotation angle and CVA (p<.05). Conclusion: Increased forward head posture lead to increase of pain, muscles activity, so it suggests to be necessary on the prevention of dysfunction and limited activities daily living.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.399-401
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is looking for deviation of change in HRV caused of posture. Total 20 adults were measured for 40 minutes(10 minutes rest section and 30 minutes analysis section) when volunteers were sitting and lying down. Other factors which can change in HRV were controlled during measurement. The analysis section were divided by total 6 stages(each by 5 minutes), and compared and analyzed between sitting and lying down groups. It was also compared and analyzed stages in each group. In the result, there was difference at stage 5($20{\sim}25$ minutes interval), but no difference in the total data. The results of each stage in the group, lying down had difference. Therefore, sitting is more stable measurement for HRV study when subjects was waking over 15 minutes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.22 no.52
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• pp.211-219
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• 1999

Sleeping is important activity in bedroom and it takes one third of our lifetime. The body pressure distribution on bed has been considered as one of the most important factors affecting sleeping comfort. The measurement contact pressure has been applied to design seat, mattress, shoes, etc., for prevention of pressure sores and improvement of products. This paper discusses the recognizing rule of sleeping posture using contact pressure. Subjects' ages are ranged from twenties to fifties. They include 29 males and 35 females. Body pressure distribution is measured in the state of stable bed when subject lies on his/her back, on his/her side and on his/her face. We made recognizing rules of sleeping posture through statistical analysis; ANOVA and regression analysis, qualitative analysis.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.17-21
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• 2004

We need to study about lower extremity alignment because the structure dictates the function of lower extremity. Through lower extremity alignment assessment in static posture, we recognize abnormal structural conditions which could affect dynamic motion such as gait. To evaluate of lower extremity alignment provide so many useful information, but method of measurement is so limited. Therefore, this review will assist understanding for measurement of lower extremity alignment in static posture. From now on study about the objective measurement method must be achieved much more in physical therapy.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.285-291
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a classification algorithm for postures of sitting person by using IMU(inertial measurement unit). This algorithm uses PCA(principle component analysis) for decreasing the number of feature vectors to three and SVM(support vector machine) with RBF(radial basis function) kernel for classifying posture types. In order to collect the data, we designed neckband-shaped earphones with IMU, and applied it to three subjects who are healthy adults. Subjects were experimented three sitting postures, which are neutral posture, smartphoning, and writing. As the result, our PCA-SVM algorithm showed 95% confidence while the dimension of the feature vectors was reduced to 25%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.29-41
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• 2020

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to provide evidence for the treatment of Forward Head and Rounded Shoulder Posture (FHRSP) using posture correction exercises by comparing muscle activity and onset time around the neck and shoulder area during an arm elevation task. METHODS: The subjects were divided into FHRSP (21 persons) and non-FHRSP (19 persons) groups to measure muscle activity and onset time of muscle contraction. Wireless surface electromyography was used to assess the muscle activity and onset time of the right and left sternocleidomastoid (SCM), splenius capitis, anterior deltoid, middle deltoid, serratus anterior, upper trapezius, pectoralis major, and infraspinatus during an arm elevation task. After the pre-measurement, the participants performed the postural correction exercises, and then the post-measurement was conducted. RESULTS: After the posture correction exercises, there were significant differences in the muscle activity and onset time of all muscles in the FHRSP group. The results of the comparison of the muscle onset time during an arm elevation task demonstrated that after the postural correction exercises, the muscle onset time was significantly reduced in the right and left SCM and left splenius capitis, but there were no significant changes in the onset time of other muscles. CONCLUSION: The results of this study help us understand the change in muscle activities and muscle contraction onset time in a person with FHRSP when lifting the arm and suggest the relevant basis to apply the posture correction exercise in clinical settings.