• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.88-93
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• 2018

Objective: Elevated cholesterol levels contribute to changes of the arterial endothelial permeability. Hyperlipidemia promotes atherosclerosis and is associated with an increased risk of stroke incidence. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of having a history of hyperlipidemia prior to a stroke incidence on postural balance, anticipatory dynamic postural control, gait endurance and gait performance in individuals with hemiparetic stroke. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Fifty-two adults who were diagnosed with stroke 6 months ago or more were enrolled in this study. They were divided into two different groups according to hyperlipidemia history before stroke. All participants were assessed with the Activities-specific into Balance Confidence (ABC) scale, Berg Balance scale (BBS), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), Timed Up and Go test (TUG), and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). An independent t-test was used to analyze the difference between the hyperlipidemia group and non-hyperlipidemia group. Results: After analysis, the BBS, TUG, and 6MWT scores were significantly different between the hyperlipidemia and non-hyperlipidemia group, but not the ABC and DGI scores. Conclusions: The results of this study show that having a history of hyperlipidemia before stroke affects static and dynamic postural balance performance, anticipatory dynamic postural balance, and gait endurance in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke. Based on the results of this study, we also suggest treatment for hyperlipidemia should be implemented throughout the therapeutic interventions, such as pharmacological or exercise programs, in order to restore the physical function of stroke survivors.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in postural stability according to ankle fixation in healthy university students. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Thirty healthy subjects (15 males and 15 females, 20.13 years, 167.49 cm, 65.87 kg) were recruited on a voluntary basis. The BT4 system (HUR Laps Oy, Tampere, Finland) was used to measure the static (standing posture with eyes open and eyes closed) and dynamic (external perturbation and limits of stability (LOS) in the forward, backward, left, and right side) balance abilities. External perturbation was measured by the subject's postural sway velocity and area for 20 seconds after being impacted by a gym ball. Static and dynamic stabilities were measured with ankle joint fixation and non-fixation conditions. Ankle fixation was provided using Mueller tape on both ankle joints. Results: For static stability under the standing posture, there was no significant difference between standing with ankle joint fixation and non-fixation conditions. However, dynamic stability (external perturbation and LOS in the forward, backward, left, and right side) was significantly higher in the standing with the non-fixation condition compared to the standing with ankle joint fixation condition (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our results reveal that ankle joint fixation can influence dynamic stability during standing. Thus, we believe that this result provides basic information for making improvements in postural control and may be useful in balance training for fall prevention.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ankle kinesio taping on postural control function during exercise in university students. Method : Thirty subjects were randomly allocated to three groups: Y taping group (n=20), I taping group (n=20) and Non-taping group (n=20). All groups underwent the same exercise program including stretching for 30 minutes. The exercise program proceeded in the following order: five minutes of stretching, a 20-minutes exercise program, and additional five 5 minutes of stretching. Of the eight exercise methods suggested by Purcell et al, seven were chosen (lateral shuffle, forward & backward running, agility ladder, figure-of-8, forward jogging while jumping over cones, wall jumps and zigzags); $90^{\circ}$ cuts with lateral shuffle were omitted. The postural control functions was measured participants's perceptions of stability, confidence, and reassurance using methods suggested by Purcell et al,. Result : The confidence was significant difference in I taping group compared to Non taping group. The reassurance was significant difference in Y taping group and I taping group compared to Non taping group. Conclusion : The Kinesio taping increased confidence, and reassurance during exercise in university students. Additional research on Kinesio taping for improving range of motion and agility is need.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.21-32
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify whether task-related circuit exercise program combined with sensorimotor training for 4 weeks could improve the balance and gait in stroke patients. Method: Fifteen stroke patients who had agreed with the study were randomly divided into 3 groups categorized as task-related circuit exercise program combined with sensorimotor training group (experimental group 1, n=5), task-related circuit exercise program group (experimental group 2, n=5), and control subjects performed conventional physical therapy (control group, n=5). The balance and gait were assessed by BT-4 force platform system, Berg Balance Scale, 10meter Walk Test and Smart Step at before training and after training. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze change before and after intervention in intra-group. Kruskal Wallis H test, Mann-Whitney U test and Bonfferoni correction were used to analyze changes of all variables in inter-groups. Result: The experimental group 1 showed significant improvements in postural sway area, BBS scores, walking velocity and plantar pressures of affected foot, whereas the experimental group 2 showed significant improvements in BBS scores, and the control group were no significantly different in all variables following training. The changes of postural sway area and BBS scores in the experimental group 1 were significantly greater than them of the control group. The changes of postural sway area in the experimental group 1 was significantly greater than that of the experimental group 2. Conclusion: The result of this study suggest the task-related circuit exercise program combined with sensorimotor training is an effective intervention to improve balance and gait in stoke patients.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.137-148
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was to investigate the visual bio-feedback training for 5 weeks on balance and postural control for patients with stroke. Methods : The 26 subjects were randomly selected from the patients of the E hospital in the S city who met the study conditions. They were divided into a visual bio-feedback training group of 13 patients and a self-resistance exercise group of 13 patients. The visual bio-feedback training group received visual bio-feedback and general physiotherapy for five weeks and the self-resistance exercise group received cycling and general physiotherapy for the same period. The subjects were measured and compared for stability index, weight distribution index, fall down index, functional reach test and timed up and go test before and after the program. Results : The visual bio-feedback training group showed significant changes after the experiment in stability index, weight distribution index, functional reach test and timed up and go test(p<0.05), and the self-resistance exercise group also showed significant differences(p<0.05). The changes between prior to and after the experiment show that the visual bio-feedback training group had more significant effects than the self-resistance exercise group(p<0.05). Conclusions : The visual bio-feedback training for five weeks had effects in the improvement of the balance and posture control of stroke patients. Based on these results, more effective training programs should be developed and propagated.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.51-63
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to provide definition of proprioception, foundations and roles of neuroanatomy, and systemical review of proprioceptive activities in sensory integration intervention. Proprioception exists in muscle, ligaments, joints and skin and it plays important role in controling body movements and interacting with environment during child development. Proprioception interacting with tactile and vestibular systems contributes to the change of muscle tone, postural control, refinements of planning and praxis. Children who are deficit in proprioceptive processing would seek hypo-responsive proprioceptive input or avoid hyperactive one. Outcome of poor proprioceptive input would cause the problems of praxis and postural control. Because proprioception provides information about the position and movement of body and limb it is important for development of body scheme and motor planning. It also influences the arousal and emotional tone. Sensory integration intervention which provides rich proprioceptive activities will improve the level of arousal and enhance motor planning.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.433-449
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• 2002

노인에 있어 낙상 (falls)의 결과는 신체 기능상의 상실을 가져 올 뿐 아니 라 종종 사망에 이르게 하는 원인이 되기도 하여 중대한 건강상의 문제로 다루어지고 있다. 정상적인 노화과정은 감각(sensory)과 운동 (motor)계의 감퇴 그리고 주의력의 쇠퇴와 연관되어 있는데, 노인들은 이러한 감각(sensory)과 운동(motor)계 (system)의 손상으로 여러 가지 자세(posture)와 보행 (walking)등을 수행하는데 어려움을 겪는다. 또한 노화와 관련된 변화들은 자세를 조절 (postural control) 하는데 있어서 주의력 (attention capacity)을 감소시킨다. 이러한 조건 하에서 노인들은 이중과업 (dual task)을 수행하는데 젊은 사랑들보다도 더 많은 어려움을 느끼며 이는 곧바로 낙상 (falls)의 가능성을 증가시키는 중요한 원인이 되고 있다. 이러한 점들을 고려할 때 낙상(falls)을 방지하기 위한 훈련 프로그램 (training program)은 단순한 신체운동(physical exercise) 보다는 자세조절 (postural control)시의 인지시스템 (cognitive system)이 포함된 중추 통합 기전(central integrative mechanisms)을 최적화 (optimize) 시킬 수 있는 방향으로 구성되어야 한다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 2021

Purpose: This study examined the effects of the type of video contents used for action observations on the ability to control posture. Methods: The participants were 48 healthy adults. The two hands of the participants were crossed on both shoulders, and the other foot was placed in a straight line in front of the target to allow them to watch a video of the monitor. The videos were presented in random order with three video contents (natural, stable balance posture, and unstable balance posture) consisting of 30 seconds each. A 15-second resting time was given between each video. During action observation using various video content forms, the posture control ability was measured using a TekScan MetScan^® system. Results: The results revealed statistically significant differences in the area of movement and the distance by COP and distance by the type of action-observation videos, and the distance by the anteroposterior and mediolateral sides (p<0.05). The stable balance posture and unstable balance posture video showed significant differences in the distance by the COP, anteroposterior, and mediolateral distance. (p<0.05) Conclusion: This study suggests that choosing the contents of the videos is important during action-observation training, and action-observation training can help improve postural control.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.449-459
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify how postural mechanics affects postural control on balance and stability by using frequency analysis technique from the kinematic data acquired during the one leg standing posture. For this purpose, the experimental group consisted of two groups, the normal group (n=6) and the national Gymnastics group (n=6). Displacement data of CoP were analyzed by frequency analysis of rambling (RM) and trembling (TR) by FFT signal processing. As a results, there was a significant difference in evaluating the stabilization index between the two groups with the eyes open and closed one leg stnading (p <.05). The cause of the difference was found to be the output of the maximum amplitude of RM (f1) and TR (f2) (p <.05). In particular, in the low frequency RM of 8-9 Hz, which is a natural frequency of signal wave involved in postural feedback feedback, the main frequency appeared to be performs the exercise mechanism of stable brain posture control. And in the high frequency TM of 120-135 Hz, it is considered that the adaptation of the reflective muscle response is minimized to minimize posture shaking. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for the intrinsic main frequencies according to the postural control ability which affects the CNS in one leg standing.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.636-646
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• 2007

Adequate postural control depends on the spatial and temporal integration of vestibular, visual, and somatosensory information. Especially, the musculoskeletal function is essential to maintain the postural control. The experimental studies was performed on the muscular activities in the lower extremities during maintaining and moving exercises on an unstable platform with Magneto Rheological(MR) dampers. The unstable platform of the developed system was controlled by electric currents to the MR dampers. A subject executed the maintaining and moving exercises which are presented through the display monitor. The electromyographies of the eight muscles in lower extremities were recorded and analyzed in the time and the frequency domain: the muscles of interest were rectus femoris(RF), biceps femoris(BF), tensor fasciae latae(TFL), vastus lateralis(VL), vastus medialis(VM), gastrocnemius(Ga), tibialis anterior(TA), Soleus(So). The experimental results showed that the muscular activities differed in the four moving exercises and the nine maintaining exercises. For the anterior-posterior pattern, the TA showed highest activities; for the left-right pattern, the TFL; for the 45, $-45^{\circ}$ pattern, the TFL and TA. Also, the rate of the increase in the muscular activities were affected by the condition of the unstable platform with MR dampers for the maintaining and moving exercises. The experimental results suggest that the choice of different maintaining and moving exercises could selectively train different muscles in various intensity. Futhermore, the findings suggested that the training using this system can improve the ability of postural control.