• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.151-161
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• 2010

Objectives : Postpartum depression is a kind of serious problem which influences on the parturients, her family. In this case we tried psychotherapy to postpartum depression patient. Methods : We treated the patient with Oriental psychotherapy. And then we compared postpartum depression before treatment with on after treatment by Korean version of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(K-EPDS). Results : After treatments, the clinical symptoms were improved and K-EPDS was reduced 16 to 6. Conclusions : Oriental psychotherapy is effective on postpartum depression.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2019

Objectives The loss of maternal care during early postnatal period may increase development of mood-related disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and personality disorders. In this study, the effect of acupuncture on depression in relation with cell proliferation in the hippocampal gyrus dentatus was investigated using maternal-separated rat pups. Methods On the postnatal 14th day, rat pups from six dams were grouped into following groups: maternal care group, maternal separation group, maternal separation and non-acupoint-acupunctured group, maternal separation and Zusanli-acupunctured group, and maternal separation and fluoxetine-treated group. Acupuncture was performed from postnatal 28th day to postnatal 37th day. The rat pups that belong in the maternal separation and fluoxetine-treated group were injected subcutaneously with 5 mg/kg fluoxetine hydrochloride once a day for the same period of time. To evaluate activity of the rat pups, open field test was performed. Immunohistochemistry for serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) in the dorsal raphe and for 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) in the hippocampal gyrus dentatus was conducted. Results The present results reveal that the activity was decreased by maternal separation. In contrast, acupuncture at Zusanli overcame maternal separation-induced hypoactivity. Maternal separation suppressed TPH expression and 5-HT synthesis in the dorsal raphe and decreased cell proliferation in the hippocampal gyrus dentatus of rat pups. In contrast, acupuncture at Zusanli alleviated maternal separation-induced decrease of 5-HT synthesisand TPH expression. Conclusions The present results demonstrate that acupuncture at Zusanli ameliorated depressive state through increasing cell proliferation and enhancing 5-HT synthesis.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.206-215
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• 2008

Purpose: After abortion, many women could have psychologic problems and physical symptoms. But in Korea, the symptoms and psychologic problems and after abortion had rarely been researched. Methods: The subjects were 29 women who visited Kangnam Korean hospital for postabortion management from May 2007 to December 2007. From questionnaire, we researched the variable symptoms after abortion and depression as Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Results: The 79% of patients took a rest only less than 1 week after abortion. As the rest time was shorter, the number of symptoms was higher. The frequent symptoms were related to the dysfunction of autonomic nerve system and the circulating system. The patients after abortion had high Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores, the mean score was $13.33{\pm}7.11$. The high EPDS scores and the number of symptoms was related with methods of abortion and age. Conclusions: Postabortal symptoms are related with physical symptoms and depression. So psychological evaluation would be needed. And for prevention of postabortal symptoms, the adequate rest time would be demanded after abortion.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.326-336
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• 2021

Purpose: This study explored the prevalence of prenatal and postpartum depression in Korea and its influencing factors from 20 weeks of pregnancy to 12 weeks postpartum. Methods: Using a prospective cohort study design, data on women's depression and its influencing factors were collected at 20, 28, and 36 weeks of pregnancy and at 2, 6, and 12 weeks postpartum. The participants were 219 women and 181 spouses during pregnancy; and 183 mothers and 130 spouses after childbirth. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and influencing factors were measured by the Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised, parity, and spousal depression. Results: The prevalence of maternal depression was 10.5% to 21.5% before birth, and it was 22.4% to 32.8% postpartum. The prevalence slightly decreased during the prenatal period but peaked at 2 weeks postpartum. Antenatal depression was influenced by low socioeconomic status, lower self-esteem, having experienced prenatal depression, having experienced prenatal anxiety, a previous history of depression, lower social support, lower marital satisfaction, and higher life stress. The factors influencing postpartum depression were lower self-esteem, having experienced prenatal depression, having experienced prenatal anxiety, lower social support, lower marital satisfaction, and higher life stress, as well as infant temperament and maternal blues. Parity and spousal depression had no impacts. Conclusion: The prevalence and influencing factors of maternal depression changed over time. Nurses need to screen women accordingly during the perinatal period and should provide education or counseling to prevent depression and promote adjustment to parenthood.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.3897-3906
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to identify the rate and influencing factors on antepartum depression in pregnant women. A self-administered questionnaire-based study was performed in 160 pregnant women who visited outpatient clinics or attended special lectures of the general hospital in D metropolitan city. All participants were interviewed using the Korean version of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. On the results, the mean score of antepartum depression was $7.80{\pm}4.86$ scores(0-30 scores). The percentage of all participants for EPDS scale were 56.3% with normal level, 20.6% with a boundary line and 23.1% with serious level. Influencing factors on antepartum depression were accounted for 36.7% of the total variance which consisted of perceived health status, pregnancy stress and self esteem. The results indicate that these variables should be considered in preventing depression of pregnant women.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.187-195
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between postpartum depression and breast-feeding in puerperium mothers to practice healthy breast-feeding. Puerperium mothers at postnatal care center completed an anonymous survey. Postpartum depression severity was observed at ($x^2=19.556$, p = 0.000). Postpartum depression was found to negatively affect healthy breast-feeding at a rate of Exp (B) = 0.887, p = 0.014. Puerperium mothers' postpartum depression has shown significant effect on breast-feeding practice, thus, when postpartum depression rate decrease, regular breast-feeding practice rate increased. Despite lacking robust statistical evidence, these results indicate that postpartum depression leads to bottle-feeding.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.469-475
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• 2005

Mother-infant interaction is a crucial component of an infant's cognitive, emotional and behavioral development. Most people are preoccupied with fetal education, the physical conditions of the postpartum mother and baby, and emphasizing an early start in the child's education. However, the effects of a mother's postnatal emotional state on the development of the infant are often overlooked. Postpartum depression is a significant health problem affecting 10-20 percent of new mothers. Recent research findings indicate that the suffering caused by postpartum depression is not limited to these mothers alone; their babies and close family members are vulnerable to short-term and long-term effects as well. This review summarizes the findings of recent research works, in the light of publications within the last seven years.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.355-362
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to investigate the degree of postpartum depression and its predictors at six months postpartum. Methods: The subjects were 161 women six months after delivery who were registered with the public health center. The instruments included a survey of various characteristics, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS), husband support, maternal self-esteem, and marital adjustment scale. The data was analyzed using the $x^2$-test, t-test, the Pearson correlation coefficients, and the logistic regression. Results: The point prevalence of postpartum depression at six months postpartum was 14.3%, corresponding to a score of 12 or higher on the EPDS. Postpartum depression was significantly associated with husband support, maternal self-esteem, and marital adjustment. Predictors of postpartum depression identified by the logistic regression analysis include marital adjustment (OR .29 [95% CI .13-.61]) and the delivery method(OR 3.57 [95% CI 1.25-10.23]). Conclusion: Strategies for improving postpartum depression, considerations of husband support and maternal self-esteem are important in research and practice. In addition, interventions for reducing Cesarean delivery and improving marital adjustment are needed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.722-728
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was designed to determine the predictors of postpartum depression. Method: One hundred-sixty one women within one year after delivery from one public health center located in the northern area of Seoul were used in this study. The instruments were a survey of general characteristics, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, recent life events index, perceived social support from family, Quality of marriage index, parenting stress index, and Rosenberg's self-esteem inventory. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and logistic regression. Result: The average item score of the EPDS was 6.67. 12.4% of respondents, who scored above a threshold 12, were likely to be suffering from a depression of varying severity. The fitness of the model for explaining postpartum depression from six variables, plan for pregnancy, family support, quality of marital relation, perceived social support, life events, childcare stress, and self-esteem, was statistically significant and the predictive power of these variables was 90.9%. The significant predictors of postpartum depression were family support and child care stress. Conclusion: Further research is needed to identify the prevalence rate of postpartum depression using more reliable sampling methods from a large general population. Nursing interventions need to be developed for promoting family support and reducing childcare stress.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the impacts of maternal depression on the temperament, health problems, and development of 4-month-old infants. Methods: For this longitudinal comparative study, data collected at one month postpartum and at the 4th month of follow-up were evaluated from sixty five pairs. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess the symptoms of depression. Results: Eighteen point 5 percent and15.4% of mothers were diagnosed with postpartum depression at one month post-partum and at the 4th month of follow-up, respectively. The temperament of the infants between the two groups was not different. However, the infants of the depressed mothers had more health problems after 4 months. Depressed mothers had a lower score for the acceptance of Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME), and the development score of their infants was lower than that of the non-depressed mothers. Conclusion: Maternal depression affects the health and development of infants. Women should be screened for potential risk factors and for symptoms of depression during postpartum periods so that appropriate interventions including emotional support can be initiated in a timely manner.