• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.181-190
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• 2000

The purpose of this paper is to promote the usage of facade greenery in order to improve the quality of life in cities and to improve their ecological worth. It is necessary to find out what people think about facade greenery, what problems they think, they might encounter and to promote the use of facade greenery. The survey was grouped according to three housing types; family house, tenement house and apartment. We distributed questionnaires individually to 140 people in each of the three housing types. All 420 people answered. The major questions in the questionnaire relate to the following issues: opinions about facade greenery, opinions regarding reasons to install facade greenery and expected problems, favourite plants, and to provide an analysis of the current usage of facade greenery. The results of this study show that most people like facade greenery and revealed that there was a significant difference in the kinds of responses from the three types of housing. The most important factor to affect respondents' positive preference for facade greenery is that it provides opportunities to experience nature near the housing and the improvement of the aesthetic appeal of facades for those living in apartment housing. Negative responses were based on the inhabitation of insects, and the difficulties in maintaining facade greenery. The favourite plants are parthenocissus and climbing rose. Generally people were lacking in an understanding of the ecological value of facade greenery. Most of the respondents indicated a liking for facade greenery and so the situation is now suitable to promote it.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.77-86
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• 2010

This study is about Tak Mok theory of feng-shui ideology which was main thought in Choson dynasty or some other thoughts and noble families' thought of garden building : planting trees and properties of the noble families garden. The result from the study of noble family's garden molding is as follows. In the noble family's garden molding, there were considerations of plant ecology known through long experience and the functional aspect of planting tree and esthetic sense of housing circumstances, in addition to feng-shui thought, Taoist thought and the doctrine of the five natural elements of the positive vs. negative. We can learn Choson's noble family's garden included playroom as well as symbolic and incantatory meaning. Also in the thought of noble family's garden molding we can found proper element for modern housing plan such as an ecological peculiarity or functional aspect of dwelling circumstance. And we can also found they didn't show a rejection symptoms against nature but enclosed with straight form which was traditional trait, and each space of it is composed organically. Also we knew they selected a diverse and refined technique with it's decorating the Choson dynasty playful and meditative space. We found that the key point of the thought of noble family's garden molding were on the basis of Confucianal mood, content amid poverty thought and free technique of it.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.87-98
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• 2017

As the market for coffee chains becomes fierce, it is important for coffee chains to establish an enduring relationship with customers and encourage them to revisit their stores. Thus, it becomes important to understand consumers' repurchase decision-making mechanisms in the context of coffee chains. Customer satisfaction, perceived switching costs, and regret were considered as the main factors of customers' repurchase intentions. Especially, the effect of regret experience of coffee chains on consumers' repurchase decision was examined. In addition, coffee quality, physical environment quality, service encounters performance, and brand trust were considered as attributes of coffee shop selection, and their effects on customer satisfaction and perceived switching cost were investigated. The results of the study showed that customer satisfaction and perceived switching costs had a positive effect on repurchase intention, while regret had a negative effect on repurchase intention. Coffee quality and physical environmental quality had no significant effect on customer satisfaction and perceived conversion cost. Service encounter performance had a significant impact on perceived switching costs alone. Brand trust had a significant impact on both customer satisfaction and perceived switching cost.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.185-194
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess health-related behavior of pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers by investigating relevant risk factors. Methods: Data of 10,396 women (age 19 to 49 years) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey report from 2007 to 2012 was used to analyze factors associated with health-related behavior. The subjects were divided into pregnant women; breastfeeding mothers; and non-pregnant women. Bottle feeding mothers were excluded. Results: Current smoking rate including self-reported smoker and/or positive cotinine urine test were lower for pregnant or breast-feeding group than non-pregnant group. Heavy-drinking was not different among groups while monthly drinking rate was higher in non-pregnant group. Rate of stress recognition was lower in pregnant and breast-feeding group than non-pregnant group. Rate of experience for depressive symptoms and rate of suicidal ideation were not different among groups. Conclusion: Pregnant women and breast-feeding mothers maintain a good pattern of health- related behavior compared to non-pregnant women. However, substantial proportion of pregnant women and breast-feeding mothers continue to drink and smoke. This shows the need for a plan that will modify health-related behavior.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.83-102
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• 2015

This study would suggest to analyze the perceptions of good mathematics teaching in high school and offer the resolutions for the conflicts caused by differences in perception between teachers and students in math class through previous studies and comparative implications. To this end, Students are classified by their courses, grades, gender awarenesses and they were analyzed and compared by the survey results. Although the preference for the math class that fixs the misconception of students is highest, regardless of the kinds of students groups. Academic students, middle-ranked students, female students have high affinity for the class to evaluate the material covered in class and take into account their level of assessment and instruction, low-ranked student's preference is higher for the class that has focused on understanding communicating their thinking processes than students. From this, it is suggested that academic students, low-ranked students are needed to be taught in a way that increases their confidence, interests, values and also in atmosphere that make math class a positive experience.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 1999

Kimchi is a traditional food in Korea. It is a fermented food made by several vegetables. Kimchies have traditionally made at home, but the use of commercial Kimchies is increasing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intake and evaluation of commercial Kimchies and the perception of desirable learning methods making Kimchies among female high-school students. Three hundred and seventy one female high-school students living in Chonbuk province were participated in the survey. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The percentage of subjects who had consumed commercial Kimchies at least once was 49.7%. It was higher in the subjects living in the rural area(65.6%) than in the urban area(37.9%) at p${\le}$0.001. 2. Positive reasons for the consume of commercial Kimchies was: ‘saving time($4.11{\pm}0.74$)’, ‘convenience to buy when it is needed($4.03{\pm}0.78$)’, ‘variety($3.59{\pm}0.86$)’ and ‘looking good($3.21{\pm}0.98$)’. However, commercial Kimchi received low scores for: ‘sanitation($2.24{\pm}0.96$)’, ‘taste($2.84{\pm}0.96$)’, and ‘economy($2.89{\pm}1.02$)’. 90.5% of the subjects believed that the use of commercial Kimchi will be increased. 3. 24.3% of the subjects had an experience of making Kimchi alone, and 88.7% of the subjects had assisted their mother making Kimchi. 88.9% of the subjects reported that they would like to learn how to make Kimchi from their mothers. 84.0% of the subjects want to make Kimchi by themselves at home when they will be housewives. In conclusion, this report suggests that commercial Kimchi should be produced under more sanitary conditions and Kimchi producers should also develop a variety of tastes to match consumer＇s preferences. There is also a need for education for making high quality Kimchies in school programs of Home Economics. (Korean J of Human Ecology 2(1) : 89-98, 1999)

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.151-159
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• 2015

The algorithm in computer science includes skills to design a problem solving process for solving problems efficiently and effectively. Therefore all learners who learn computer science have to learn algorithm. Education for algorithm is effective when learners acquire skills to design algorithm as well as ability to use appropriate design skills solving problems. Especially since it is heightened people awareness to cultivating informatics gifted students who have potential of significant impact on society, many studies on how to teach them have been in progress. Therefore in this study we adopted puzzles to help informatics gifted students learn skills to design algorithm and how to use them to solve problems. The results of pre and post test compared to traditional algorithm learning, we identified that puzzled based algorithm learning gave a positive impact to students. Students had various problem solving experience applying algorithm design skills in puzzle based learning. As a result, students of learning and learning transfer has been improved.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.485-493
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was to identify the degree of empowerment and ethical sensitivity of staff nurses and to examine the relationship between empowerment and ethical sensitivity. Method: Data were collected from 235 staff nurses in 4 hospitals in Gyeonggi Province using a questionnaire and collected data was analyzed by the SPSS PC program. Results: The degree of empowerment was 2.76(${\pm}$ .35) out of a possible score of 4 and that of ethical sensitivity was 0.71(${\pm}$ .11) out of a possible score of 1. The relationship of between empowerment and ethical sensitivity showed statistically significant positive correlation(r=.34, p=.00). For general characteristics, there was a significant difference in empowerment according to age(F=13.18, p=.00), educational background(t=-2.09, p=.04) and clinical practice career(F=15.15, p=.00) and in ethical sensitivity according to age(F=4.01, p=.02). In characteristics related to ethics, there was a significant difference in empowerment according to experience of ethics instruction in clinical practice(t=2.25, p=.03), attitude toward the nursing profession(F=7.96, p=.00) and ethical standards(F=9.39, p=.00) and in ethical sensitivity according to attitude toward the nursing profession(F=2.94, p=.03). Conclusion: Findings suggest that a systemic and effective training program reflecting the above general and related ethics characteristics be developed to enhance empowerment and ethical sensitivity.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2013

Objective: To assess the prevalence of malocclusion and its relationship with dental caries among school children in southern India. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1,800 students aged 11 - 15 years whose Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and dentition status were recorded and analyzed. The chi-square test, ANOVA, and Spearman's correlation tests were carried out. Results: The mean DAI score ${\pm}$ the standard deviation was $18.61{\pm}6.1$. Approximately 85% of the students (83.0% males, 86.8% females) had DAI scores of < 26 and were classified as not requiring orthodontic treatment. One tenth of the sample had mean DAI scores between 26 - 30 (indicating definite malocclusion and elective treatment), while about 3% had mean scores between 31 - 35 (indicating severe malocclusion and treatment desirability). Only 29 children (1.6%; 16 boys, 13 girls) had a DAI score of > 35, which suggested very severe or handicapping malocclusion requiring mandatory treatment. The mean decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) was $2.28{\pm}1.47$. A DMFT of > 0 was observed in 91.8% of the study subjects. Children with a DAI score of > 35 were found to have significantly (p < 0.001) higher caries experience as compared to other children. Moreover, the DAI scores showed a significant correlation with the mean DMFT scores (r = 0.368, p < 0.05). Conclusions: A positive correlation was found between the severity of malocclusion and dental caries.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.199-211
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• 2014

The increasing elderly population has created an urgent need for well-managed convalescent hospitals, which should provide appropriate clinical nutrition services. The new accreditation policy requiring participation of all convalescent hospitals since 2013 may promote improvement of clinical nutrition services. This study examined whether or not the accreditation policy has increased practice level and dietitians' perception of the importance of clinical nutrition management. Of the 177 convalescent hospitals accredited by January 30, 2014, dietitians from 73 hospitals (41.2%) completed the survey questionnaire. The pre-tested questionnaire surveyed general characteristics of the hospital and dietitians, current status of clinical nutrition management, and changes in the perception and practice levels of various aspects of food and clinical nutrition management. In average, dietitians with more than 5 years of work experience (68.1%) provided food and clinical nutrition services (71.2%). After accreditation, dietitians' perception of the importance and practice level of clinical nutrition service increased (P<0.001). Level of perception, however, was significantly (P<0.001) higher than practice level before and after accreditation. During perception and practice level of initial nutrition assessment, a compulsory accreditation item, notably and significantly (P<0.001) improved after accreditation. The significant difference between perception and practice level disappeared after accreditation. In conclusion, the accreditation process had positive effects on clinical nutrition management in terms of dietitians' perception and practice levels. Making more accreditation items compulsory and providing motivation and professional education to dietitians in convalescent hospitals could lead to additional improvements.