• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.585-590
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• 2012

On the basis of the potentials for the growth of local economy and the result of investigation of the ocean space development status, an ocean resort complex was proposed at the small harbor with a parallel beach in the east coast of Korea. As the development plan needs to reclaim the noticeable amount of coastal water area together with the applied shore facilities, it is necessary to analyze their impacts. Here, it was intended to analyze the coastal environment change such as water circulation and bottom change because of the development plan. A horizontal two-dimensional numerical model was applied to represent the combined impact of wind waves and tidal currents to sediment transport in that coastal region. Based on the result of 30 days tidal current simulations considering major four tidal components of $M_2$,$S_2$,$K_1$ and $O_1$ for the upper and lower boundaries and wind field data, bottom change was discussed. Flow velocities were not changed much at outer breakwater of Yangpo harbor. Bottom was eroded by maximum 1.7m after construction but some locations such as lee side of outer breakwater and some islets near the entrance shows isolated accretions. Although it needs more field observations for bottom change in the period of construction, the numerical calculation shows that there exist small impacts near the entrance area and coastal boundaries because of the development.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.139-144
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• 2014

Background: To manage intractable cancer pain, an alternative to systemic analgesics is neuraxial analgesia. In long-term treatment, intrathecal administration could provide a more satisfactory pain relief with lower doses of analgesics and fewer side-effects than that of epidural administration. However, implantable drug delivery systems using intrathecal pumps in Korea are very expensive. Considering cost-effectiveness, we performed epidural analgesia as an alternative to intrathecal analgesia. Methods: We retrospectively investigated the efficacy, side effects, and complications of epidural morphine and local anesthetic administration through epidural catheters connected to a subcutaneous injection port in 29 Korean terminal cancer patients. Patient demographic data, the duration of epidural administration, preoperative numerical pain rating scales (NRS), side effects and complications related to the epidural catheterization and the drugs, and the numerical pain rating scales on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 30th postoperative days were determined from the medical records. Results: The average score for the numerical pain rating scales for the 29 patients decreased from $7{\pm}1.0$ at baseline to $3.6{\pm}1.4$ on postoperative day 1 (P < 0.001). A similar decrease in pain intensity was maintained for 30 days (P < 0.001). Nausea and vomiting were the most frequently reported side effects of the epidural analgesia and two patients (6.9%) experienced paresthesia. Conclusions: Epidural morphine and local anesthetic infusion with a subcutaneous pump seems to have an acceptable risk-benefit ratio and allows a high degree of autonomy to patients with cancer pain.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.25-42
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• 2023

Despite the significance of ports as critical economic infrastructure, the berth facilities usually deteriorate due to heavy loading, unloading, aging, environmental weather conditions, marine growths, and lack of efficient maintenance management. Marine berths require proactive maintenance management to limit deterioration and defects as no berth facility is maintenance-free. Thus, delay in carrying out maintenance work for the marine berths can be devastating to the operational process involving ship entry, loading, and unloading operations. The aim of this research is to coordinate both operations work, and maintenance works that take place inside the berth of a local industrial port in Saudi Arabia, by developing a novel framework that integrates both works without affecting the efficiency and functionality of the berth. The study focused on defining the operational process of the port and identifying the elements with direct and indirect effects. In addition to determining the priority for the entry of ships inside the berth, it also identified the factors involved in designing a framework that included maintenance work as a component of the monthly berth occupancy schedule. By applying a mathematical model, a framework was established, which includes all the important elements of the process. As a result of the mathematical method formulation process, a database was designed that organizes and coordinates the operations of all berths within the port. This creates time to carry out the required maintenance work monthly as well as ease of coordination with the contractors responsible for the implementation of those works.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.239-250
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• 2019

Along with changes in the industrial structure, revitalizing decrepit or abandoned industrial-age infrastructures are actively under way on a global scale. This study was motivated by an interest in investigating currently idle industrial infrastructures and revitalizing the abandoned passenger ferry terminal in Geoje's Jangseungpo and surrounding areas. The main aims of this study were to examine regional features for the purpose of establishing urban renewal plans and field opinions of the local residents on how to proceed with the restoration of the passenger ferry terminal. To this end, this paper looked into previous case studies of converting decrepit industrial infrastructures into new cultural venues, depending on each region's special circumstances. This paper's findings are as follows: First, as a result of this investigation, the author found that in all cases in Korea and elsewhere revitalization focused on creating modern cultural spaces appropriate for the region while retaining its traditional value. At the same time, they sought sustainable cultural and economic revival. Second, as a result of the investigation on Geoje City's local characteristics, the author found that the surrounding areas' commercial districts were depressed after the terminal's closure. At the time of the investigation, the city government was trying to reopen the terminal as a major port offering multiple international ferry destinations while attracting tourists. Third, as a result of the surveys on the local residents, it was found that more than half of the residents were in agreement with the city government's plan to reopen the terminal and expressed their wishes that they want the terminal to have other uses such as cultural venues. Based on these research results, the author makes proposals, including expanding the passenger ferry terminal and offering cultural spaces within and near the terminal, based on the local residents' opinions and in reflection of local circumstances. As part of this effort, the author also recommends a new brand name and design plan for the new passenger ferry terminal so that Geoje City can improve its local community value.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.459-468
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• 2016

The decreasing number of import and export containers is causing a problem with container circulation. In particular, this problem has reached a serious level in the Gyeongin area. Empty containers are accumulating in the Gyeongin container yard, where most of the returned containers are stored. In order to improve the empty container return problem at Gyeonhin, this study analyzes the actual situation and the empty container return process. A preference survey was conducted to suggest solutions from the perspective of users rather than shippers. A logistics company's data was analyzed to identify the inefficient cost structure in the Gyeongin area. The results show that the empty container return problem in Gyeongin is becoming more and more serious. To solve this problem, this paper proposes reestablishing functions at the Incheon Port, and securing a third new storage terminal in the Gyeongin area. Finally, an efficient empty container circulation system is presented. It will also be necessary to prepare laws and institutions to ensure these solutions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.323-330
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• 2012

Manila Bay is home to the Port of Manila with three harbors: North Harbor, South Harbor and MICT(Manila International container Terminal). There is an adjacent fishing port to the north and another port across the Bay, the Limao Port. This study focuses on the volume of traffic movement in the Bay area taken from Manila VTMS raw data of the arrival and departure movements only. It is a two-year period of study of 2010 and 2011 traffic volume. It divides the data according to their numbers; to their sizes measured in gross tons; to the time of vessels' movements, whether daytime or night-time; and to each voyage trade: domestic or foreign. Quantitative values are calculated from the raw data based on the whole population of the two-year period. The results are illustrated by tables and graphs. Statistical measures are applied to determine the spread and frequencies of the data and test any significance from the hypotheses. These are shown in the tabulated form and interpreted to give a better picture of the frequency and volume of traffic. In the end, a summary is offered where it is hoped that this paper will propel further studies of improving the safety behavior in the premier port of the country.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.31-50
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• 2018

This study implemented an empirical analysis of education and training for dangerous goods and hazardous materials handlers on the Busan New Port terminals and hinterland logistics centers using a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in combination with the formative model and reflective model, from the viewpoint of the supply chain. An effect size analysis was also conducted. The results of the empirical analysis show that Training Environment and the Atmosphere of Education have a positive influence on the Educational Expectation of hazardous material handlers, and the Educational Expectation has a positive influence on the Education and Training Program and Transfer of Education Training. Likewise, the Education and Training Program has a positive influence on the Transfer of Education Training and Result of Education and Training. Furthermore, the Transfer of Education Training has a positive influence on the Result of Education and Training. The Result of Education and Training has a positive influence on the Present State of hazardous material management. According to the results of the effect size analysis, the following parameters represented a great effect: the Atmosphere of Education to the Education Expectation, the Education Expectation to the Education and Training Program, the Transfer of Education Training to the Result of Education and Training, and the Result of Education and Training to the Present State of Dangerous Goods Management. The results of this study provided various suggestions for related practices.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.1-20
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• 2020

Coastal ferry routes are very important because they connect the mainland to islands, offer transportation for islanders, and bring tourism to islands. In particular, the recent increase in national income, prevalence of a culture that emphasizes work-life balance, and introduction of the five-day workweek have stoked interest in travel as a leisure pursuit, and demand for tourism from Korean people in islands has increased. As the number of passengers using coastal passenger terminals increases due to changes in the coastal tourism environment, the importance and need for coastal passenger terminal facilities and services is growing. Under these circumstances, it is necessary for the management organizations of coastal passenger terminals to manage and efficiently operate the terminals in such a way that budgets can be reasonably implemented and the convenience of passengers using the terminals is enhanced. This study primarily analyzed the management efficiency of coastal passenger terminals in terms of profitability and public interest using data envelopment analysis. The eight passenger terminals achieved low management efficiency in terms of profitability. These terminals should improve profitability by increasing income from terminal office rental and ancillary businesses and revenue from terminal fees by boosting island tourism and expanding overseas passenger transportation. The eight terminals with low management efficiency for public interest should increase the number of passengers by promoting island tourism, developing tour packages to Japan and China's coastal areas, developing new routes, and introducing super-high-speed ships.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.58-72
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• 2009

The main activities of container terminals are to load container freights to vessels, discharge them from vessels, and store them in the storage yard. Container terminals make many operational plans to execute these functions effectively. If the plans do not consider enough the loads of related resources, they may have low actualities. This study discusses the optimal yard planning model which considers various resources, such as the storage yard, yard cranes, internal vehicles, and travel lanes, in container terminals. The model determines the groups and amounts of containers which are stored in each storage block by using the resource profile. The yard planning problem is represented to the multi-commodity minimal cost flow problem and is formulated to the linear programming model. In order to explain the application of the mathematical model, the numerical examples are presented. Additionally, the relationship between the average load ratio and the relocation ratio is discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1479-1482
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• 2004

LMTT (Linear Motor-based Transfer Technology) is horizontal transfer system in the maritime container terminal for the port automation. The system is driven by PMLSM (Permanent Magnetic Linear Synchronous Motor) that is consists of stator modules on the rail and shuttle car. This paper investigates the effect of the drop height of container on impact reaction force of the Impact Absorber (IA) in shuttle car for LMTT. The results of this investigation are obtained from detailed finite element analysis for various parameters, such as the spring coefficient, the drop height of container.