• 한국농촌생활과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.73-84
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• 1995

The objective of this thesis is to analyse empirically the economic resource problems of the rural poor households. Data from 444 rural sample households in four provinces, divided into two subgroups, the poor and the non-poor households, were analysed and compared. The owned arable land size, level of agricultural and non-agricultural income, assets, debts and the sufficiency of living expenses of the poor households were measured and compared with those of non-poor households respectively. The significant findings and drawn conclusions are as follows : The rural poor households 1. tends to show smaller family size, older age and lower level of education of homemakers than the non-poor households, that might work as constraints to income sources and quality. 2. has not only small arable lands and agricultural income but also even smaller cash income, less than 50% of total income, with 27% of self-product consumption and depends more on non-agricultural income than the non-poor households. Such weakness of income structure might cause and increase the income instability of the rural poor households. 3. reveals significantly different level and components of assets from the non-poor households lower level of assets, less amounts of but more load of debt due to lower solvency that comes from low level of income and assets, higher debts for consumption and lower accessibility to credit. All these socio-demographic and economic characteristics of the rural poor households might have compound effects on the economic problems of the poor households and make vicious circle of poor.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.175-193
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• 2018

This study identified the rate of income poverty and multidimensional poverty, correlation between income poverty and multidimensional poverty, and adjusted multidimensional poverty rate. We also analyzed the factors that affected the number of poverty dimension and the probability of belonging to the poor or not in 3,159 elderly households including 474 poor households and 2,685 middle class households. First, in poor households, the employment poverty rate was the highest and the housing poverty rate was the lowest. In middle class households, the relation poverty rate was the highest and the employment poverty rate was the lowest. Second, in poor households, correlation between asset poverty and relation poverty had the highest coefficient of .205 and asset poverty and housing poverty had the lowest coefficient of .149. In middle class households, the correlation between income poverty and relation poverty had highest coefficient of -.290 and employment poverty and relation poverty had the lowest coefficient of .038. Third, in poor households, the number of average poverty dimension was 4.30, but the number of average poverty dimensions of middle class households was 2.310. Fourth, the variable affecting the number of poverty dimensions in poor households were gender, age, level of education, marital status; however, the significant variables were gender, education level, marital status, income poverty in the middle class households. The variable that affected the probability of belonging to the poor or not in poor households was age. However, the significant variables were gender, education level, marital status, residence, and income poverty in middle class households.

• 지역연구
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2021

연구는 근로빈곤층과 근로비빈곤층의 차별적 소득 궤적을 잠재성장모형을 이용하여 실증하고, 이를 인구·사회학적 요인(결혼, 교육수준)과 지역적 요인(대도시 거주)으로 설명하고자 한다. 『한국노동패널조사』 12~21차(2009~2018년) 자료를 이용하여 분석한 결과에 따르면, 이차함수형 궤적으로 추정한 근로빈곤층과 근로비빈곤층의 소득은 통계적으로 유의한 집단 간 차이를 보였다. 2009년에서 2016년까지 근로빈곤층의 소득이 근로비빈곤층에 비해 빠르게 증가하면서 격차가 완화되었지만, 이후 근로빈곤층의 소득이 정체되면서 다시 격차가 심화되었다. 소득 궤적(시작점의 소득 수준과 증가율)에 결혼, 교육수준, 대도시 거주가 미친 영향은 집단 간 차이를 보였는데, 이 요인들은 근로빈곤층의 궤적을 더욱 잘 설명하고 있다. 결과에서 특히 주목할 점은 근로빈곤층의 소득변화율과 대도시 거주 여부의 정(+)적 연관성으로, 대도시에 거주하는 것이 근로빈곤층에 경제적 프리미엄으로 작용할 가능성을 시사한다. 향후 근로빈곤층의 도시 프리미엄과 관련한 후속 연구가 수행될 필요성을 제기한다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2022

The proportion of people living in poverty in Soc Trang is comparatively large. 27,154 households in this province are considered to be poor, which represents 8.4 percent of all households. The gap between rural and urban areas, between farmers and other social classes in this province, tends to increase, and the living standard of people in the countryside remains difficult. This paper aims to investigate the determinant factors of poor households' income in rural areas of Soc Trang province, Vietnam. Data from 120 poor households in Vinh Chau district and Ke Sach district of Soc Trang province collected in the year 2019 is employed to test the proposed hypotheses in this study. By applying the descriptive statistical method and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, the results show that the factors of production land, number of income generation activities, access to credit, means of transportation, and means of production positively affect the income per capita of poor household in the study area, whereas household size has a negative impact on the household income per capita. Considering the empirical findings, several solutions and recommendations are proposed to improve the income of poor households in Soc Trang province.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.41-53
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• 2013

Objectives: As the size of elderly population living alone grows, socioeconomic diversity has also increased. This study examined if social risk factors of poor self-rated health were distinguishable between the low income elderly and their non-low income counterparts both living alone. Methods: The '2006 Elderly Health Interview Survey' conducted by D-gu in Seoul was utilized. We divided the elderly living alone into two groups depending on their economic status: low income and non-low income. Employing logistic regression, we analyzed the associations of poor self-rated health with socio-demographic factors, health-related factors, social support, the relations with children, social activities, welfare service use, and the perception of neighborhood safety. Results: Proportion of rating one's own health being poor was different between two populations. Social support was important for the self-rated health of the non-low income elderly, while welfare service use, the perception of neighborhood safety, and the relations with children were noticeable for the low income elderly. Conclusions: To better understand the health need of elderly population living alone, their heterogeneity in socioeconomic characteristics should be taken into account.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.471-484
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• 2021

The characteristics of poverty can be comprehensively revealed from the two angles of income and multidimensional. This paper compares China's rural income poverty measure with multidimensional poverty index using data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) by focusing on the static and dynamic disparities, and analyzes the factors influencing poverty through the Logit model. The results show that there exists a substantial mismatch in who is deemed poor, 60 percent of multidimensional poverty households are not considered poor in terms of income poverty, and 70 percent of income poverty households are not considered poor in terms of multidimensional poverty; There is a high level of disparity between the dynamics of the two measures of poverty. Among those who rose in the income dimension, only about 7 percent also rose in the multidimensional measure from 2016 to 2018.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2019

The objective of the study is to examine the impact of financial development and foreign remittances on poverty and income inequality in the context of Pakistan. The study used ARDL-Bounds testing approach for robust inferences. The results show that in the short-run, remittances increases poverty and income inequality, which further translated into its long-run impact. The result confirmed the inverted U-shaped relationship between per capita income and income inequality, while the second order coefficient of per capita income substantially decline poverty incidence in a country. In the long-run, the results disappeared and it's turned into U-shaped relationship between income inequality and country's per capita income. Education largely decreases income inequality both in the short and long-run, however, it increases poverty in the long-run. Unemployment rate substantially damaged the pro-poor growth scenario, as high unemployment rate increases both the poverty rates and income inequality, which suffered poor more than non-poor in a country. Financial development has a positive impact on poverty reduction and income inequality in the short-run. The impact of income inequality on poverty incidence is positive both in the short- and long-run, which need pro-poor growth policies and rationale income distribution in a country.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.209-215
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• 2022

This study aims to analyze the livelihood resources and income diversification of informal recyclers in the Mekong River Delta (MRD). The multiple linear regression model was applied to determine income diversification and total household income with the sustainable livelihood analysis framework developed by the United Kingdom Department for International Development (2000), including human resources, physical resources, natural resources, financial resources, and social resources. The results indicated that up to 25% of itinerant waste buyers worked on average more than 7.3 hours/day, which was higher than the urban near-poor level regulated by the Vietnam government. The results of the regression model revealed that total households' income was affected by the factors of health status, gender, urban location type 1, the amount of potential savings, and informal credit participation, while the factors of health status, urban location, the amount of potential savings, and informal credit participation have the effect of diversifying farm household income. Thus, if the informal waste recycling sector is supported and regulated by proper government management, it will not only help poor households diversify their income, but it will also help poor households diversify their income, particularly women's income, which is vulnerable and lower than male income in the MRD.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.237-259
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• 2004

공적 연금이 미성숙한 우리나라에서는 실질적으로 공공부조가 빈곤노인을 위한 소득보장제도로 기능하고 있다. 그러나 제도상의 문제로 인하여 많은 수의 빈곤노인들이 국민기초생활보장 제도와 경로연금 제도에서 제외됨으로써 소득보장의 사각지대에 방치되어 있다. 이 연구에서는 공공부조에서 제외된 빈곤노인의 규모와 현황을 파악하고 공공부조 수급의 결정요인을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 차상위계층과 절대빈곤층이 모두 포함된 빈곤노인가구 중 절반 이상이 공공부조 수급을 받지 못하고 있으며, 공공부조에서 제외된 빈곤노인가구는 인구학적 특성과 소득특성이 열악하여 공공부조 수급의 욕구가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 노인의 공공부조 수급은 주로 인구학적 특성과, 가족부양상황을 반영하는 가족이전소득에 의해 결정되는 것으로 밝혀져, 빈곤노인들의 소득상의 욕구를 고려한 소득보장이 시급한 것으로 분석되었다.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.233-265
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 물질적 궁핍의 측정 및 분석이 빈곤에 대한 다각적 이해에 유용할 뿐 아니라 빈곤층의 경제적 어려움 해소를 위한 대책 마련에도 주요한 정책적 시사를 제공할 수 있음에 주목하여, 한국사회 물질적 궁핍의 전반적 실태와 더불어 빈곤층의 물질적 궁핍의 양상 및 관련 영향 요인을 분석하고자 하였다. 분석에서 물질적 궁핍은 기본욕구 충족과 밀접히 관련된 음식(food), 주거(housing), 생활필수공공재(utilities), 의료서비스(medical care)에의 결핍 경험으로 정의, 측정하였으며, 분석자료로 한국복지패널조사자료를 활용하였다. 분석결과에서는, 물질적 궁핍을 경험한 가구의 비율은 전체의 17.0%로 나타나 최소수준의 기본욕구조차 충족치 못하는 가구들이 적지 않음을 확인할 수 있었다. 둘째, 소득계층 및 빈곤지위별 분포를 분석한 결과에서는 물질적 궁핍이 하위 소득계층(34.8%) 및 빈곤층(40.7%)에서 높게 경험되고 있지만, 중간 소득계층(18.0%) 및 비빈곤 차상위층(36.6%)에서도 적지 않게 경험되는 것으로 확인되었다. 셋째, 빈곤층을 대상으로 관련 요인들의 영향을 분석한 결과, 가구소득(욕구대비소득)은 별다른 영향이 없는 반면 소비지출 관련 요인(주거형태, 가족형태, 건강상태) 및 여타 경제적 자원(재산, 기초보장수급), 가구주의 취업지위 등은 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 소득빈곤의 분포와 물질적 궁핍의 분포가 일치하지 않음을 보여주어, 물질적 궁핍의 측면에 대한 분석이 한국사회 빈곤의 다면성을 파악함에 유용할 수 있음을 시사하여 준다. 또한, 빈곤층의 물질적 궁핍 실태와 양상은 국민기초생활보장제도에 대한 적극적 개선 및 보완이 요청됨을 시사하여 준다.