• Title/Summary/Keyword: Plow

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Numerical Simulation of 2-D Lid-Driven Cavity Plow at High Reynolds numbers (높은 Re수에서의 2차원 Lid-Driven 캐비티유동의 수치해석)

  • Myong H. K.;Kim J. E.
    • 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2005.04a
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    • pp.153-158
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    • 2005
  • Numerical simulations of two-dimensional steady incompressible lid-driven flow in a square cavity are presented to verify the validity of a new solution code(PowerCFD) with unstructured grids. The code uses the non-staggered(collocated) grid approach which is very popular for incompressible flow analysis because of its numerical efficiency on the curvilinear or unstructured grids. Solutions are obtained for configurations with a Reynolds number as high as 10,000 with both rectangular and hybrid types of unstructured grid mesh. Interesting features of the flow are presented in detail and comparisons are made with benchmark solutions found in the literature. It is found that the code is capable of producing accurately the nature of the lid-driven cavity flow at high Reynolds numbers.

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Nonlinear Vibration Characteristics of a Curved Pipe with Fixed Ends and Steady Internal Flow (정상 상태 내부 유동이 있는 양단 고정 곡선 파이프의 비선형 진동 특성)

  • Lee, Su-Il;Jeong, Jin-Tae
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.61-66
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    • 2002
  • The nonlinear differential equations of motion of a fluid conveying curved pipe are derived by use of Hamiltonian approach. The extensible dynamics of curled pipe is based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. Some significant differences between linear and nonlinear equations and the dynamic characteristics are discussed. Generally, it can be shown that the natural frequencies in curved pipes are changed with flow velocity. Linearized natural frequencies of nonlinear equations are slightly different from those of linear equations.

Effects of VHP Positions on the Steering Stability of Agricultural Tractors(I) -Experimental Verification of Safe VHP Positions- (가상(假想) 히치점의 위치(位置)가 트랙터의 조향(操向) 안정성(安定性)에 미치는 영향(影響)(I) -가상(假想) 히치점의 안전(安全) 영역(領域)에 대한 실험적(實驗的) 고찰(考察)-)

  • Shin, S.I.;Kim, K.U.
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.219-227
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    • 1991
  • This paper concerns with experimental verification of the theory on the safe VHP positions presented in the first part of this study. In the experiment, tillage operation was conducted using a plow mounted to the threepoint hitch and the forces acting on the hitch points were measured. Using the data from the test tractor and plow, computer simualtion was also conducted and its results were compared with those obtained from the field experiment. The comparison showed a reasonable agreement between the two results, by which the theoretical method for the determination of safe VHP positions for steering control can be verified. Some guidelines for expanding the safe VHP region were finally proposed.

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Analysis of the axle load of an agricultural tractor during plow tillage and harrowing

  • Hong, Soon-Jung;Park, Seung-Je;Kim, Wan-Soo;Kim, Yong-Joo;Park, Seong-un
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.43 no.4
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    • pp.665-669
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    • 2016
  • Analysis of the load on the tractor during field operations is critical for the optimal design of the tractor. The purpose of this study was to do a load analysis of an agricultural tractor during plowing and harrowing. First, a load measurement system was developed and installed in a 71 kW agricultural tractor. Strain-gauges with a telemetry system were installed in the shaft located between the axles and the wheels, and used to measure the torque of the four driving axles. Second, field experiments were conducted for two types of field operations (plowing, harrowing), each at two gear levels (M2, M3). Third, load analysis was conducted according to field operation and gear level. At M2 gear selection for plowing, the maximum, minimum, and average (S. D.) torque values were 13,141 Nm; 4,381 Nm; and 6,971 Nm (${\pm}397.8Nm$, respectively). For harrowing, at M2 gear selection, torque values were, 14,504 Nm; 1,963 Nm; and 6,774 Nm (${\pm}459.4Nm$, respectively). At M3 gear selection for plowing, the maximum, minimum, and average (S. D.) torque values were,17,098 Nm; 6,275 Nm; and 8,509 Nm (${\pm}462.4Nm$, respectively). For harrowing at M3 gear selection, maximum, minimum, and average (S. D.) torque values were, 20,266 Nm; 2,745 Nm; and 9,968 Nm (${\pm}493.2$). The working speed of the tractor increased by approximately 143% when shifted from M2 (7.2 km/h) to M3 (10.3 km/h); while during plow tillage and harrowing, the load of the tractor increased approximately 1.2 times and 1.5 times, respectively.

Pre-processing of load data of agricultural tractors during major field operations

  • Ryu, Myong-Jin;Kabir, Md. Shaha Nur;Choo, Youn-Kug;Chung, Sun-Ok;Kim, Yong-Joo;Ha, Jong-Kyou;Lee, Kyeong-Hwan
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.42 no.1
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    • pp.53-61
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    • 2015
  • Development of highly efficient and energy-saving tractors has been one of the issues in agricultural machinery. For design of such tractors, measurement and analysis of load on major power transmission parts of the tractors are the most important pre-requisite tasks. Objective of this study was to perform pre-processing procedures before effective analysis of load data of agricultural tractors (30, 75, and 82 kW) during major field operations such as plow tillage, rotary tillage, baling, bale wrapping, and to select the suitable pre-processing method for the analysis. A load measurement systems, equipped in the tractors, were consisted of strain-gauge, encoder, hydraulic pressure, and radar speed sensors to measure torque and rotational speed levels of transmission input shaft, PTO shaft, and driving axle shafts, pressure of the hydraulic inlet line, and travel speed, respectively. The entire sensor data were collected at a 200-Hz rate. Plow tillage, rotary tillage, baling, wrapping, and loader operations were selected as major field operations of agricultural tractors. Same or different farm works and driving levels were set differently for each of the load measuring experiment. Before load data analysis, pre-processing procedures such as outlier removal, low-pass filtering, and data division were performed. Data beyond the scope of the measuring range of the sensors and the operating range of the power transmission parts were removed. Considering engine and PTO rotational speeds, frequency components greater than 90, 60, and 60 Hz cut off frequencies were low-pass filtered for plow tillage, rotary tillage, and baler operations, respectively. Measured load data were divided into five parts: driving, working, implement up, implement down, and turning. Results of the study would provide useful information for load characteristics of tractors on major field operations.

Consumed-Power and Load Characteristics of Potato Harvesting Operation in Dry Field (건답에서 감자수확작업의 소요동력 및 부하특성)

  • Lee, Ju-Yeon;Hwang, Seok-Joon;Nam, Ju-Seok;Kim, Jeong-Gil
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.89-99
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    • 2020
  • This study analyzed the load and the consumed power characteristics of a potato harvesting operation in a dry field. The potato harvesting operation was performed using an underground crop harvester mounted on an agricultural tractor with a rated engine power of 23.7 kW. The rotational speeds and the torque of the engine output shaft, rear axle, and power take-off (PTO) shaft were measured under various working conditions. The load spectrum and the consumed power were analyzed using the measured data. The results show that the consumed power of the rear axle increased as the working speed increased, while that of the PTO shaft decreased. The consumed power of the engine output shaft showed a similar trend with that of the PTO shaft, but the torque deviation was larger in the load spectrum. The results of previous studies were used to compare herein the consumed power and the load characteristics of the harvesting, rotary, and plow operations in a dry field. PTO and tractive power were highly consumed in the plow and rotary operations, respectively. The consumed power of the PTO shaft and the rear axle in the harvesting operation were 29-41% and 18-23% of the engine power, respectively. Compared to those in the rotary and plow operations, the engine power was relatively evenly distributed to the PTO shaft and rear axle in the harvesting operation.

Comparison of Dry-Seeding Methods for Improving Rice Seedling Stand on Reclaimed Saline Soil (간석지 벼 입모율 향상을 위한 건답직파 방법 비교)

  • 이인;성기영
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.41 no.3
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    • pp.370-375
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    • 1996
  • This study was conducted to find out the feasibility in direct seeded rice cultivation on the reclaimed saline soil. Seedling emergence was tested under the different application rates of rice straw and seeding depth, and also under combined treatments soil moisture regimes and seeding depth on saline soils in a greenhouse. The comparison of seedling stand and yield performance of rice in rotary till after broadcast seeding and in non-plow after broadcast seeding were tested on a field that reclaimed saline soil. Seedling emergence ratio in application of rice straw(4 and 6 tons /ha) was higher than that in non-application of rice straw. Seedling emergence and plant height were remarkably increased with the shallow seeding depth in the application of rice straw(4 tons /ha). The seedling emergence under proper soil moisture condition(25%) was higher than that under excess soil moisture condition(35%). Under proper soil moisture condition, the plant height was increased with the shallowed seeding depth. The number of seedling stand per m$^2$ in non-plow after broadcast seeding was larger than that in rotary till after broadcast seeding. Panicle number per m$^2$ in non-plow after broadcast seeding was much larger than that in rotary till after broadcast seeding and the yield showed the same trends as panicle number.

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Effect of Removing P.E film-Mulch at Budding Stage of Tobacco on the Change of Moisture and Mineral Content in Plow Layer Soil and Nutrient Uptake. (생육중반기 피복제거가 작토층의 수분 및 무기성분 변화와 연초양분흡수에 미치는 영향)

  • 홍순달;이윤환;김재정;육창수
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.69-78
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    • 1986
  • This experiment was carried out to Investigate the environmental changes of rhizosphere, behavior of nutrient components in soul, and nutrients uptake and growth response of the tobacco plant in the condition that mulch as polyethylene film, had been removed on the ridge at the 50th day after transplanting in comparison with continuous mulching condition. The results obtained were as follows; 1. After rainfall, soil moisture content In the plow layer was greatly increased without mulch in comparison with that of the plot with mulch. As a result, leaf water potential of tobacco plant without mulch was higher than that with mulch. 2. Available nutrients such as $NH_4-N, \;NO_3-N$, and total salts in the plow layer of the plot without mulch tended to be Increased, and especially accumulated on the surface layer owing to the redistribution of soil water by rainfall during the latter growth stage after removing mulch. 3. Nutrients uptake by tobacco was much more enhanced in the plot without mulch and resulted in higher contents of total nitrogen, $NO_3-N, \;P_2O_5, \;and K_5O$ in the tobacco leaf Especially higher content of nitrogen caused the delay of maturity resulting In the increased of dry weight of top part of tobacco in the plot without mulch toned to be Increased in comparison with that in mulching condition. Content of total nitrogen, $NO_3-N$, and nicotine in flue-lured leaves was much higher in the plot without. mulch than in mulching condition, but lower content of reducing sugar in the plot without mulch resulted in lower quality of tobacco.

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