• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.469-477
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• 2020

The main objective of this paper is to examine the applicability of Linan and Chen's entrepreneurial intention model (EIM) in predicting the entrepreneurial intention. EIM is an adaptation of the Theory of Planned Behavior that focuses on entrepreneurial intention and hypothesizing slightly different patterns of relationship with regards to subjective norms. The model also includes human capital and demographic factors. Snowball sampling method was used to collect data using the entrepreneurial intention questionnaire (EIQ) through several social media platforms. The survey indicates that the overall entrepreneurial intention of Saudi students is high (mean = 5.41). Eight out of the seventeen hypothesized relationships were found to be significant. Among the demographic variables, gender-personal attitude was significant whereas self employment experience and years of business education were found to be significantly related with perceived behavioral control. The statistical analysis using partial least square structural equation modelling validated the model. All the three antecedents of entrepreneurial intention were significantly related with entrepreneurial intention. The results of this study will help policy makers to get deep understanding into the phenomenon of entrepreneurship among Saudi university students and thereby develop a conducive environment. This study also validates the entrepreneurial intention model in a different cultural context.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.115-125
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• 2008

The purpose of the study is to investigate the characteristics of the elderly housing preference and spatial usage to plan floor space of the elderly housing by the respondents of the ages 50 to 79. Based on the result of the study, it is suggested that the elderly housing should be located in regards to social environmental factors rather than natural environmental ones. There are differences in preference for the space planning of housing units such as the number of rooms and bathrooms, and floor space depending on income level, so the housing should be differently planned to accept the difference of preference. On the other hand, there is not notable difference in furniture preference for each space. In the characteristics of spatial usage according to behaviors, high-income respondents demonstrate the characteristics of spatial usage in accordance with a western lifestyle. Thus, behaviors such as sleeping, watching TV, resting, reading, conversation, and receiving guests, occur using such things as beds, sofas, and dinning tables. On the other hand low-income respondents show a mixed western and traditional lifestyle. Thus many behaviors are done on the floor of bedroom and livingroom in addition to using furniture such as a sofa and chairs. Therefore, the way of spatial usage has to be reflected in the floor space planning. At least floor space of the provided rooms should be planned to accommodate the behavior of the elderly even though all of the rooms preferred can not be provided.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.77-94
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• 2018

Internet-only bank is one of the promising areas of Fintech industry. Kbank and Kakaobank launched services since 2017 in Korea. Experts estimated the younger generation including undergraduate students as target customers in the initial stage of the Internet-only bank in Korea. Thus, it is necessary to investigate factors influencing intention to use the Internet-only bank. Data were collected from undergraduate students studying in Seoul, Pusan, and Gyeongbuk province. The empirical study showed the evidence that four factors such as convenience, social influence, perceived privacy, and unverified risk had a significant influence on intention to use the Internet-only bank. However, economic benefit has no significantly influence on the intention. The present study focused on the influence of convenience and social influence and discussed the issues regarding convenience and social influence in more detail.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.53-68
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• 2016

Financial preparation for retirement means making financial plans by predicting expected incomes and expenditures needed for maintaining success in later life. Because this preparation needs long-term planning, preparing as early as possible is recommended. This study, therefore, uses theory of planned behavior for examining the intention of financial preparation for retirement of consumers in their 20s and 30s. By using financial education and its understanding as additional variables, this study also intends to examine the ultimate effects on the intention. The following is a summary of the main results and suggestions. First, the level of consumer financial education is lower than the average. The level of understanding finance is lower than the average, and particularly, the level of understanding retirement related finance is much lower. Second, the more the attitude of financial preparation for retirement is positive, and the higher the level of subjective norm or perceived behavioral control is, the level of the intention of financial preparation for retirement tends to be more higher. Therefore, relevant efforts to encourage this preparation are needed. Third, the level of the intention of financial preparation for retirement is higher than the average, whereas financial education has no effects on the intention. This means that despite the importance of the financial education, its current implementation has many problems. The suggestions of this study are as follows. First of all, this study can provide preliminary data for developing retirement planning programs. In addition, in terms of the policy, given that this study targets relatively young consumers in their 20s and 30s, it can provide preliminary data for making policies for their future retirements.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.358-367
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• 1998

The study purpose was to investigate psychosocial factors related to smoking among adolescent boys. The Theory of Planned Behavior provide the basis for the study. Twenty-five attitudinal beliefs, 9 normative beliefs and 20control beliefs were identified through questionnaire development. The data were analyzed using t-test and χ2-test. Thirty-three percent of 300 students were smokers. Most of the beliefs examined were significantly different between smokers(n=92) and nonsmokers(n=92). With respect to attitudinal beliefs, smokers responded less negatively on the items of bad health effects of smoking such as sore throat, headache, chest pain, risk of cancer and bad blood circulation(p<0.001), and decreased physical strength(p<0.05). Smokers believed less negatively on the items that smoking leads to bothering others, bad breath, yellow teeth and making them spend money(p<0.001). In contrast, smokers felt more positively on smoking as a means of stress management, relaxing, helping digestion(P<0.001). Smokers felt less pressure for not smoking from significant others. Especially mother, siblings, friends, girl friends, seniors of school were important sources of influence regarding subject's smoking. Smokers felt less confident in controlling the urge to smoke in several situations including; when they were with friends or asked to smoke by friends; after the meal, or drinking; when they were bored or stressed, upset, and when they felt unstable(p<0.001). Smokers also scored lower on specific skills to quit or control the urge to smoke as well as overall perceived control, compared to nonsmokers(p<0.001). These results suggest that interventions for adolescents incorporate diverse strategies to increase the perceived control over smoking in specific situations as well as overall perceived control, to help them realize and modify attitudinal beliefs, and to elicit support from significant others for not smoking. (Korean J Community Nutrition 3(3) : 358∼367,1998)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was performed to examine motivational factors affecting sweetness preference in Korean and Japanese children. We identified meaningful variables that could be targeted to nutrition education interventions designed to overcome innate barriers and reduce sweetness preference and sweet food intake in Korean and Japanese children. Methods: Questionnaire surveys and sweetness preference test were conducted to examine variables affecting behavioral intention (BI) regarding sweetness preference. Questionnaire variables were based on the theory of planned behavior. Participants were recruited from one urban school from each country. In total, 166 children (mean age: 8.4 years) and their guardians (n = 166) participated in the study. A trained research assistant provided all children with personal guidance regarding completion of the sweetness preference test and survey questionnaire at school. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficients, t tests, repeated measure ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression analysis (significance level: p < 0.05). Results: Perceived behavioral control (PBC) and parenting practice were significantly associated with BI in both groups. Motivation to comply affected BI only in Japanese children, whereas affective attitude was associated with BI only in Korean children. In predicting sweetness preference, BI was associated only in Japanese children, whereas sweets consumption frequency had a significant effect in Korean children. Conclusion: The study shows similarities and differences in motivational factors, which could be considered when developing nutrition education programs in Korea and Japan. PBC and parenting practice were common factors in predicting BI. In predicting sweetness preference, BI had a significant effect on Japanese children, whereas sweets consumption frequency was the greatest contributor in Korean children.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.908-917
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• 1999

This study was done to compare nutrient intakes, anthropometric indices, and psychosocial factors related to smoking by smoking status among adolescent girls in Seoul. Subjects were high school students, and smokers were 17.6%. Nutrient intakes were analyzed by convenient method, and anthropometric measurements were done by Inbody 2.0. Psychosocial factors of smoking were examined based on the Theory of Planned Behavior : 26 attitudinal, 9 normative, and 17 control beliefs were used. Smokers smoked 5-7 cigarettes a day on average, with 1.26 pack-years of smoking, There were no significant differences in anthropometric characteristics, except fat distribution, between smoking(n=92) and nonsmoking(n=92) and nonsmoking(n=94) group. The percentage of alcohol groups. Especially, caloric intake (63.6% of RDA) were much below the recommended level. With respect to psychosocial factors, 18 out of 26 attitudinal beliefs were significantly different between smokers and nonsmokers. Smokers responded less negatively on the items of bad health effects of relax(p<0.001). In addition, smokers were more convinced of advantages of smoking (test, etc.)but responded less negatively on the disadvantages of smoking(bothering others, yellow teeth, bad breath, etc.). Smokers expressed less pressure for not smoking from siblings, friends, school seniors than nonsmokers. In addition, smokers, expressed less confidence in controlling the urge to smoker or quitting smoking in several situations, such as 'after a meal', 'feel bored', 'with friends', 'when angry' offered a cigarette by friends', 'drinking coffee or tea', 'drinking alcohol', 'seeing others smoke'(p<0.001). Smokers also felt less developing in applying specific skills for controlling the urge to smoker or quitting smoking. These findings suggest the need for developing smoking cessation programs for adolescent females, focusing on specific beliefs identified in this study.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.134-144
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to verify the relationship of laptop purchasing behaviors based of Theory of Planned Behavior. The data collected from the 240 experience to that who used laptop computer, but was analyzed. With the collected data, factor analysis, K-Means analysis, correlation analysis, crosstabs analysis, and structural equation model analysis was performed by SPSSWIN 15.0 and AMOS 7.0. Factor and cluster analyses were used to segment the sample into four clusters. After analyzing the results, various relationships between attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention were determined for the different groups.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.189-198
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• 2019

In this preliminary study exploring the development of an convergent educational program, we identified the factors that affect adherence to healthcare-associated infection (HAI) control guidelines. The data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire of 183 nursing students. The collected data were analyzed using AMOS 21.0 and SPSS 21.0 program. The model fit was ${\chi}^2=52.06$ (df=9, p<.01), GFI=.93, RMSEA=.16, NFI=.85, and CFI=.90, and the explanatory power was 26.2%. As a result in this study, it was found that the theory of planned behavior(TPB) was appropriate for explaining the intention about healthcare-associated infection control guidelines. It is necessary to develop an education program that can reinforce the concepts of TPB, and iterate research to verify its effectiveness.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.121-142
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to explain the teacher librarians' intentions to implement collaborative instruction in school libraries by applying theory of planned behavior. Independent variables that affect the intention to implement were set as attitudes, subjective norms, teacher efficacy, and perceived controllability. A questionnaire survey of 218 teacher librarians was conducted. As a result of the study, there was a difference in teacher librarian's intention to implement collaborative instruction in school library according to the age, the size of school and previous experience. Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived controllability affected the intention to implement collaborative instruction. Teacher efficacy did not affect teacher librarian's intention to implement collaborative instruction in school library. The results of the study were interpreted as a mixed method by using open-ended questions. Based on the results, implication was proposed to expand collaborative instruction in school library.