• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.495-500
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• 2003

Tight junctions (TJ) between adjacent Sertoli cells in testis are important for the formation of the blood testis barrier (BTB). In an effort to verify the reproductive health risk of endocrine-active chemicals (EACs), changes in the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and the expression of TJ genes were examined by co-planar polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) treatment in cultured mouse Sertoli cells. Although the increase in TER of Sertoli cells was accelerated by 10 nM co-planar PCB, it was downregulated by 100 nM co-planar PCB. The expression of claudin-1 was downregulated by co-planar PCB in a concentration-dependent manner. On the contrary, the expression of claudin-1 was increased in the Sertoli cells by 10 nM co-planar PCB treatment. These results suggest that the structure and function of TJ may be targeted by co-planar PCB in Sertoli cells. Assessment of the structure and function of TJ in Sertoli cells might be useful for screening the reproductive health risk of EACs.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.310-316
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• 2013

Recently, numerical predictions of surface deflection based on curvature analysis have been developed. In the current study, a measure of surface deflection is proposed as the maximum variation of curvature difference between the panel and the tool in order to account for surfaces that have high curvature. The current study focused on the assessment of accuracy for the surface deflection prediction with the consideration of planar anisotropy. As an example, a shallow rectangular drawn part with rectangular embossing was considered. In terms of the proposed surface deflection measure, the maximum variation of curvature difference, the prediction with a planar anisotropic model shows better correspondence with experiment than the one using a normal anisotropic model.

• 한국건축친환경설비학회 논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.591-605
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• 2018

The information on the planar figure of the building envelope is commonly required in various criteria related to the energy performance of the building. However, since the method of creating varies depending on each criterion, the information displayed in the planar figure of the building envelope differs considerably according to the person making the figure. In this regard, this study sought to derive the commonly required information for the unification of the information included in the planar figure of the building envelope, and thus examine the standardization of the planar figure of the building envelope based on BIM. Towards this end, 1) the required information about the planar figure of the building envelope was derived through the literature review and case analysis results submitted to the energy performance evaluation agencies, and 2) the standardized output technology using IFC was investigated based on the required information. Therefore, it is expected that the findings of this study will help to create a general-purpose planar figure for the building envelope, and this study can serve as the preliminary research for automatically extracting the information on the planar figure of the building envelope.

• Computational Structural Engineering : An International Journal
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2001

Safety and serviceability of a planar steel frame are assessed. Attention is turned to the individual main steps in the assessment procedure, i.e., to the definition of loads, selection of transformation model, determination of the response of the structure to the loading, and to the definition of the limiting values (considering safely and serviceability of the structure). The potential of the method using direct Monte Carlo technique as a powerful tool is emphasized.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.1017-1027
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• 2023

Objective: The assessment of cortical integrity following renal injuries with planar Tc-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy depends on measuring relatively decreased cortical uptake (i.e., split renal function [SRF]). We analyzed the additive values of the volumetric and quantitative analyses of the residual cortical integrity using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) compared to the planar scintigraphy. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 47 patients (male:female, 32:15; age, 47 ± 22 years) who had non-operatively managed renal injuries and underwent DMSA planar and SPECT imaging 3-6 months after the index injury. In addition to planar SRF, SPECT SRF, cortical volume, and absolute cortical uptake were measured for the injured kidney and both kidneys together. The correlations of planar SRF with SPECT SRF and those of SRF with volumetric/quantitative parameters obtained with SPECT were analyzed. The association of SPECT parameters with renal function, grades of renal injuries, and the risk of renal failure was also analyzed. Results: SPECT SRF was significantly lower than planar SRF, with particularly higher biases in severe renal injuries. Planar and SPECT SRF (dichotomized with a cutoff of 45%) showed 19%-36% of discrepancies with volumetric and quantitative DMSA indices (when dichotomized as either high or low). Absolute cortical uptake of the injured kidney best correlated with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at follow-up (ρ = 0.687, P < 0.001) with significant stepwise decreases by GFR strata (90 and 60 mL/min/1.73 m²). Total renal cortical uptake was significantly lower in patients with moderate-to-high risk of renal failure than those with low risk. However, SRF did not reflect GFR decrease below 60 mL/min/1.73 m² or the risk of renal failure, regardless of planar or SPECT (count- or volume-based SRF) imaging. Conclusion: Quantitative measurements of renal cortical integrity assessed with DMSA SPECT can provide more clinically relevant and comprehensive information than planar imaging or SRF alone.

• Hip & pelvis
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.108-121
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• 2023

Purpose: The primary objective of the current study is to demonstrate the trochanteric wiring technique. A secondary objective is to evaluate the clinico-radiological outcomes of use of the wiring technique during primary arthroplasty for treatment of unstable and failed intertrochanteric fractures. Materials and Methods: A prospective study including follow-up of 127 patients with unstable and failed intertrochanteric fractures who underwent primary hip arthroplasty using novel multi-planar trochanteric wiring was conducted. The average follow-up period was 17.8±4.7 months. Clinical assessment was performed using the Harris hip score (HHS). Radiographic evaluation was performed for assessment of union of the trochanter and any mechanical failure. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: At the latest follow-up, the mean HHS showed significant improvement from 79.9±1.8 (at three months) to 91.6±5.1 (P<0.05). In addition, no significant difference in the HHS was observed between male and female patients (P=0.29) and between fresh and failed intertrochanteric fractures (P=0.08). Union was achieved in all cases of fractured trochanter, except one. Wire breakage was observed in three patients. There were five cases of limb length discrepancy, three cases of lurch, and three cases of wire-related bursitis. There were no cases of dislocation or infection. Radiographs showed stable prosthesis in situ with no evidence of subsidence. Conclusion: Use of the proposed wiring technique was helpful in restoring the abductor level arm and multi-planar stability, which enabled better rehabilitation and resulted in excellent clinical and radiological outcomes with minimal risk of mechanical failure.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.475-483
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• 1999

목적: 안구보충물로 사용된 hydroxyapatite 내로의 섬유혈관증식은 이물질 반응으로 인한 염증의 동반없이 의안의 운동성을 유지시키기 위한 운동성 나사못을 삽입하는데 중요한 역할을 한다. 안구보충물 삽입술 후에 섬유혈관증식의 정도를 알아보는데 Tc-99m MDP를 이용한 평면영상과 단면영상에서 정성적 평가와 정량적 평가의 비교분석을 함으로서 완전한 섬유혈관증식을 예측하는데 단면영상의 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 안구 제거술후 hydroxyapatite를 이용하여 안구보충술을 시행받고 $197{\pm}81$일 후에 골신티그라피를 시행받은 17명의 환자(남:녀=12:5, 연령; $50.4{\pm}17.5$세)의 18예를 대상으로 하였다. 골신티그라피는 Tc-99m MDP 740 MBq를 정맥주사 후 4시간 경과뒤에 이중헤드 감마카메라(ECAM, Siemens, Germany)로 안면부 평면영상을 얻은 후 이어서 단면영상을 얻었다. 평면영상과 단면영상에서의 안구보충물의 방사능 섭취가 비교(nasal bridge)보다 약한 경우를 grade 1, 비슷한 경우를 grade 2, 강한 경우를 grade 3로 평가하였고, 정상안구에 대한 안구보충물의 섭취비를 정량적으로 구하여 운동성 나사못 삽입술 후 시행된 세극등 검사에서 염증반응의 동반 없이 완전한 섬유혈관증식을 보인 환자 군과 염증 반응의 동반과 함께 불완전한 섬유혈관증식을 보인 환자 군으로 나누어 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 평면영상에서 grade 1은 9예, grade 2가 1예, grade 3가 2예로 충분한 섬유혈관증식을 의미하는 grade 2와 3를 보인 경우가 9예 (50%) 이었으나 단면영상에서는 grade 1이 6예, grade 2가 4예, grade 3가 8예로 평면영상에 비하여 grade 2와 3를 보이는 경우가 12예(61%) 이었다. 정성적 평가에 의한 완전한 섬유혈관증식을 예측하는 데 있어서 평면영상은 예민도가 60% (9/15),특이도 100% (3/3), 양성예측률 100% (9/9), 음성예측률 33.3% (3/9), 정확도 66.7% (12/18) 이었고 단면영상은 예민도 80% (12/15), 특이도 100% (3/3), 양성예측률 100% (12/12), 음성예측률 50% (3/6), 정확도 83.3% (15/18) 이었다. 정량적으로 구한 안구보충물 내의 방사능 섭취비는 평면영상에서 grade 1은 $1.19{\pm}0.10$, grade 2는 $2.16{\pm}0.43$, grade 3는 $3.57{\pm}0.74$로 grade가 높을수록 정량적 섭취비가 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.001). 단면영상에서 grade 1은 $3.06{\pm}1.22$, grade 2는 $3.71{\pm}0.83$, grade 3는 $12.49{\pm}4.31$로 grade가 높을수록 정량적 섭취비가 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.001). 완전한 섬유혈관증식을 보인 환자 군과 불완전한 섬유혈관증식을 보인 환자군으로 나누어 정량적으로 측정한 방사능 섭취비를 비교시 평면영상에서는 $1.96{\pm}0.87$ 대 $1.17{\pm}0.08$로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나 단면영상에서는 $8.44{\pm}5.45$ 대 $2.20{\pm}0.87$로 유의한 차이를 보였다 (p<0.05). 결론: 안구보충물 삽입 후 섬유혈관증식을 평가할 때 평면영상에 비하여 단면영상이 섬유혈관증식 정도를 평가하는데 보다 도움을 주었다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.170-174
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• 1993

뇌혈류 SPECT영상을 사용하여 뇌혈류를 간접적으로 평가하는 방법으로 횡단면 또는 관상면의 단층상을 이용하여 관류 결손 부위의 계수 분포를 평면적으로 조사하는 방법이 주로 사용되어 왔으나, 일반적으로 관류결손 부위의 크기는 다양하며 특히 임의의 형태를 갖는 관류 결손을 포함하는 영상에서는 평면 분석에 의한 결과는 많은 오차를 나타낼 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 체적 분석에 의한 평가 방법을 제안하고자 하였으며, 기초연구로서 동일한 뇌혈류 SPECT 영상에 대하여 평면 분석과 체적 분석 방법을 적용하여 비교하므로서 체적 분석 방법의 안정도와 정확도를 검토하였다. 평면 분석 방법에서는 관류 결손 부위의 크기와 형상에 따라 뇌혈류평가 지표인 계수 분포의 변화가 관찰되었으며, 합산에 사용된 단층상의 수에 따라 체적 분석과 상이한 결과를 보였다. 또한 평면 분석은 횡단면을 사용하는 경우와 관상면을 사용하는 경우 각각에서도 상이한 결과를 보여 체적 분석 방법이 뇌혈류 평가지표로서 신뢰도 높은 결과를 산출할 수 있음을 알았다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.35-46
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• 1997

The objective of this study is to investigate actual conditions of terrestrial vegetation part in Environmental impact statement, and to prepare a proposal for the efficiency of Environmental Impact Assessment. 13 E.I.S.s made out during 1996.6-1997.5. have been chosen and analysed with respect to scope of survey, item of survey, method of survey, and result of survey. Actual conditioins of terrestrial vegetation part in E.I.S. are summarized as follows : 1. The mean number of total participants in drawing up E.I.S. is 26.0 persons, that of participants in terrestrial vegetation part is 2.3 persons. 2. In case of planar project, the mean of scope of survey is 16.1 times as large as area of project . In case of linear project, the scope of survey has been determined arbitrarily. 3. The most part of survey has been dependent on literature, and field survey has been practically neglected. 4. Results of survey mostly missed the point that E.I.A. pursues. And proposals are as follows : 1. Participants in terrestrial vegetation part in drawing up E.I.S should be increased. 2. It is necessary to subdivide scope of survey in view of difference between planar project and linear project. 3. As for item and method of survey, field survey should be specially reinforced. 4. Several sheets of map as results of survey should be included in E.I.S. The vegetation map, the D.G.N. map, and the planting map should be included and drawn by smaller scale as possible.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.167-172
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• 1999

목적 : Echo planar image (EPn와 다론 MR 영상기법에서 2시간 이내의 초급성 출혈의 발견율의 차이를 비교해 보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 인위적으로 뇌출혈을 유발시킨 백서 10마리를 대상으로 EP1, 급속 스핀에코 (FSE) T2 강조영상, Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) 영상, 스펀에코 (SE) Tl 강조영상과 Tl 강조 Gradient echo (GE) 영상을 이용하여, 뇌출혈을 일으킨 2시간 후에 MR 촬영을 하였다. 추가적으로 3마리는 출혈 30분 후에, 6마리는 1시간 후에 각각 EPI와 FSE T2 강조영상을 얻었다. 얻어진 영상에 대한 주관적인 시각적 평가를 하기위하여 세명의 방사선과 의사가 출혈 병변이 어느 MR 영상 기법에서 제일 잘 보이는지를 평가하였다. 정량적인 평가 로는 병변-정상 뇌설질의 대조잡음비(contrast-to-noise ratio, CNR)를 측정하였다. 통계처리는 Wilcoxon-Ranks test를 이용하였다. 결과 : 시각적 평가에서 출혈 병변이 높은 신호강도로 나타난 EP1, FLAIR, FSE T2 영상 중 EPI 영상이 특히 높은 신호강도로 나타나 제일 쉽게 병변이 구별되었다. 정량적인 평가에서 출혈 병 변-정상 뇌설질의 CNR은 EPI와 FLAIR 영상에서 다른 세 영상기법에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 우월하였다 (p<0.01). 그러나 EPI와 FLAIR 영상간의 CNR은 동계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다 (p>0.10). 추가적으로 출혈 30분과 1l시간 후 촬영한 모두에서 EPI영상과 FSE T2 강조 영상은 정상에 비해 높은 신호강도를 보여 병변의 구별이 가능하였다. 결론 : 백서에서 유발시킨 초급성기 뇌출혈의 여러 기법의 MR 영상 중 EPI 영상이 영상획득 시간이 가장 빠르면서 시각적 평가와 정량적 평가에서 출혈의 발견율이 가장 높아 출혈의 선속한 진단에 유용할 것으로 생각된다.