• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2013

This study compared the antimicrobial activity and total phenolic content of three Pinus plants (Pinus densiflora, P. thunbergii, P. rigida) for the first time. The antimicrobial activity of the water fraction of methanol extract of fresh leaves was stronger than that of fallen leaves at any concentrations. The water fraction of crude methanol extract from fresh leaves of P. thunbergii showed a higher growth inhibitory activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria than that of P. densiflora and P. rigida. The results from the disc diffusion method followed by measurements of minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) indicate that Bacillus subtilis was the most sensitive microorganism with the lowest MIC value. The highest total phenolic content was found in fresh leaves of P. rigida and P. thunbergii. The assay showed that the fresh leaves of the three Pinus plants contained higher total phenolic content than fallen leaves of the three plants. The antimicrobial activity was related with the total phenolic content.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.360-367
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• 2020

Tuna skin byproduct extract (TSB) was used as a biocompatibility film base material, and its composite film with gellan gum (GG) was prepared. In addition, Pinus thunbergii cone extract (PTCE) was incorporated into the film to provide anti-oxidant and anti-bacteria activities. The tensile strength (TS) of the TSB/GG composite films increased with increasing GG content, whereas elongation at break (E) decreased. TSB/GG film at a ratio of 0.5:0.5 (w/w) showed the most desirable TS and E values. Based on scavenging free radical potentials and disc diffusion method results against growth of bacteria, antioxidant and anti-bacteria activities of films increased with increasing PTCE concentration. Accordingly, this study showed that TSB/GG could be used as a film material while the TSB/GG composite film containing PTCE can be utilized as functional packaging.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.3 s.52
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• pp.273-277
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• 2005

This study was performed to develop new cosmeceutical agents with sebosuppressive activity from native plant extracts in Korea. Inhibitory efforts of the extracts on $5{\alpha}-reductase$ (5-AR) were evaluated by enzyme kinetics analysis using UV-spectrophotometric method. Two kinds of enzyme suspensions as 5-AR sources were prepared from rat liver tissue and cultured hSG cells. The sebosuppressive effects were determined by measuring the total lipid quantity produced in cultured hSG cells after incubation with the extracts. As a result, Pinus thunbergii extracts showed the most potent 5-AR inhibitory effects. Its $K_i$ values were 0.0002% and 0.0014% for rat liver 5-AR and human sebaceous gland 5-AR, respectively. Addition of Pinus thunberii extract to hSG cells showed 48% reduction in total lipid production at 0.005% concentration. In conclusion, Pinus thunbergii extracts can be used as a cosmeceutical agent to regulate sebum production and to alleviate the sebum-involved skin diseases, such as acne and seborrheic dermatitis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.125-130
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• 2013

Influenza viruses cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans through epidemics or pandemics. Currently, two classes of anti-influenza virus drugs, M2 ion-channel inhibitors (amantadin and rimantadine) and neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir and zanamivir), have been used for the treatment of the influenza virus infection. Since the resistance to these drugs has been reported, the development of a new antiviral agent is necessary. In this study, we examined the antiviral efficacy of the plant extracts against the influenza A/PR/8/34 infection. In vitro, the antiviral activities of the plant extracts were investigated using the cell-based screening. Three plant extracts, Thuja orientalis, Aster spathulifolius, and Pinus thunbergii, were shown to induce a high cell viability rate after the infection with the influenza A/PR/8/34 virus. The antiviral activity of the plant extracts also increased as a function of the concentration of the extracts and these extracts significantly reduced the visible cytopathic effect caused by virus infections. Furthermore, the treatment with T. orientalis was shown to have a stronger inhibitory effect than that with A. spathulifolius or P. thunbergii. These results may suggest that T. orientalis has anti-influenza A/PR/8/34 activity.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.229-234
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• 1997

Shizandra chinensis(SC) and Pinus regida(PR) showed antimicrobial activity against 3 strains(B-5, D-1, A-1) of lactic acid bacteria(LAB) isolated from kimchi among eight kinds of plant extracts such as Shizandra chinensis, Phellodendron amurense, ornus officinalis, Pinus regida, Allium tuberosum, Machilus thunbergii, Cyperus rotundus and Schizonepeta tenuifloia. The growth of LAB was inhibited apparently in modified MRS broth containing 1% Schizandra chinensis at $35^{\circ}C$. Pinus regida showed weaker inhibitory effect on the growth of isolated LAB than Shizandra chinensis. pH of SC added kimchi did not change greatly compare with control during 25 days of fermentation. Degree of titratable acidity change and ratio of reducing sugar utilization in control were more higher than in SC added kimchi during fermentation. Growth of total bacteria and lactic acid bacteria was inhibited about 1 to 2 $log_10$ cycle by addition of SC extracts during kimchi fermentation for 10 days at $10^{\circ}C$. Fermentation of kimchi was delaved about 5 to 7 days by addition of 1 or 2% of SC. extract, but sensory quality (falvor, taste and overall acceptability) of SC added kimchi was lower than that of control (p>0.05).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.450-455
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• 1998

Pine has been known as a traditional medicinal plant and as showing a physically beneficial function to a human being. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the physiological activities of main pine neddles. Ethanol extracts from pinus needles did net exhibit any mutagenicity. On the contrary, inhibitory effects of ethanol extract were observed on mutagenicity induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG), 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido-(4,3-b)indol (Trp-P-1) and benzo(a)pyrene $(B({\alpha})P)$ using Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay. On direct-acting mutagen (MNNG, 4NQO) and indirect-acting mutagen (Trp-P-1, $(B({\alpha})P)$, we observed higher inhibitory effect. Stepwise fractionation of the ethanol extract was done by using ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water to obtain effective fraction. Among them, water fractions $(100\;{\mu}g/plate)$ of Pinus thunbergii, Pinus rigida, Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis showed high inhibition of 91.65%, 94.7%, 84.22% and 79.02%, respectively, on the mutagenicity of MNNG in Salmonella typhimurium TA100.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.216-221
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• 2001

Dieback of pine branches or twigs with brown needles occurs most commonly on Pinus species after severe winter in Korea. In this study, Cenangium ferruginosum was isolated from infected stems, branches, and twigs of Pinus koraiensis (C1), P. densiflora (C2), and P. thunbergii (C3). Morphological and cultural characteristics of the isolates were than compared. There were no significant differences in the morphological characteristics of conidia and ascospores produced by the three isolates. However, cultural differences were observed among the isolates. Optimum temperatures for mycelial growth of C1, C2, and C3 were 15, 20, and $20^{\circ}$, respectively. C1 produced a few conidia and no ascospores, while C2 and C3 produced abundant ascospores and conidia. While optimum temperatures for mycelial growth ranged from 15 to $20^{\circ}$, mycelial growth was also relatively good at lower temperatures of 5-$10^{\circ}$. Conidiomata and conidia were produced on MSA (malt extract soya peptone agar) after 25-30 days of incubation in the dark at $15^{\circ}$. Apothecia were produced by altering culture condition from 15 to $20^{\circ}$, and incubating for 35-60 more days. Optimum temperature for ascospore and conidium germination was $20^{\circ}$. RAPD analysis revealed that there was high similarity of 0.78 between C2 and C3, and low similarity of 0.31 between C2 or C3 and C1.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.343-350
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential anti-inflammorty properties of herbs via MAPKs such as ERK, p38, JNK. Fifty-one kinds of each herbal medicine, that were extracted with ethanol, were used in the inhibitory assay of cytokine (TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6) and NO. of these, 10 species of herbal medicines, Angelica dahurica, Atractylodes lancea, Cnidium officinale, Duchesnea chrysantha, Oldenlandia diffusa, Lonicera japonica, Paeonia lactiflora, Pinus thunbergii, Rehmannia glutinosa and Rubus coreanus, were screened as potential inhibitors (< $300{\mu}g/mL$) of NO, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6. Among the 10 species, Lonicera japonica showed potential anti-inflammatory effects Lonicera japonica extract of $200{\mu}g/mL$ inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK, p38 and JNK. In addition, Lonicera japonica extract at 20 mg/kg increased survival rate from LPS-induced endotoxin shock by 3 fold.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.4
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• pp.388-392
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• 2006

To investigate physiological characteristics and genetic diversity of Rhizina undulata isolates distributed in Korea, cultural characteristics and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) of 13 Rhizina undulata isolates from Pinus densiflora and P. thunbergi stands were analyzed. There were no correlations between the host species of R. undulata isolates and the mycelial growth of R. undulata isolates on culture media supplemented with water-soluble extract from the two different host species, i.e., Pinus densiflora and P. thunbergi. Genetic diversity of genomic DNA from 13 R. undulata isolates was analyzed by RAPD using 12 random primers. There was no differentiation in RAPD profiles among the isolates from Korea. But, there was some differentiation in RAPD profiles between Korean isolates and Japanese isolates, with 88% homology by phylogenetic tree analysis.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 2016

Pine wood nematode, Bursaphlenchus xylophilus is a fatal damaging pest, infecting pinewood trees and is one of the serious forest pest in Korea. Trunk injection is one of the most effective method to protect the live pine trees from nematode infection. The aim of this research was to reveal the efficacy of the nematicidal materials from 46 Kyrgyzstan, 88 Vietnam plant materials and 21 active materials (${\alpha}$-terpinene, ${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-thujaplicin, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, emodin, geraniol, limonone, methyl palmitate, matrine, myrcene, methyl gallate, nicotine, quassin, resveratrol, rotenone, thymol, thujaplicin, terthiophene, tuberstemonine, ${\gamma}$-terpinene) isolated from plants for using as trunk injection agents. Eclipta prostrata extract was highly effective against pine wood nematode in plant extracts and terthiophene has the best nematicidal activity from active materials isolated from plants. Foliar spray of terthiophene on Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii) tree reduced proliferation of inoculated pine wood nematode at 22 days after treatment, however no efficacy was found over 22 days. Eclipta prostrata extract and terthiophene can be used as nematicide for further nematicidal efficacy test against any other plant parasitic nematodes and trunk injection efficacy against pine wood nematode.