• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2015

본 논문은 감동, 두려움 등 인간의 급격한 감정이나 온도 변화에 따른 피부 입모근 수축 (소름)현상 감지를 위한 정전용량형 전도성 폴리머 센서를 제안하였다. 전도성 폴리머를 이용한 소자 제작을 통해 소자의 착용감을 향상시켰으며, 기존 정성적 소름측정 방식에 비해 정확하고 객관적인 측정을 가능케 하였다. 인공적인 소름돌기를 이용한 실험결과, $0{\sim}326{\mu}m$ 의 정적인 소름의 높이를 $-0.00252%/{\mu}m$의 민감도, 25.9 %의 비선형도로 측정하였다. 또한, 실제 인간의 피부에 부착하여 갑작스런 체온변화의 조건에서 -6.2 fF 과 -9.2 fF 의 정전용량 변화를 측정함으로써 높이 $145{\mu}m$ 와 $194{\mu}m$ 의 피부 소름을 측정하였다. 제안된 소자는 피부 입모근 수축현상에 따른 인간의 소름을 객관적이고, 정량적으로 측정함으로써 인간이 느끼는 급격한 감정변화나 환경변화 정도를 수치화 할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.109-116
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• 1995

Single intravenous and oral administration to SD rats and ICR mice of both sexes were performed to investigate the acute toxicity of DWC-751, a new parenteral cephalosporin. $LD_50$ values for ICR mice and SD rats administered intravenously with DWC-751 were as follows; 1151.1 mg/kg (male SD rat), 1183.5 mg/kg (female SD rat), 2698.1 mg/kg (male ICR mouse), 2833.0 mg/kg (female ICR mouse). It is suggested that $LD_50$ values in rats and mice of both sexes would be 5000 mg/kg in oral route. Major general symptoms induced by injection intravenously with DWC-751 are decreased motor activity, increased respiratory rate, tremor and convulsion. In oral route, piloerection and soft stool are observed to 4 day after administration. No significant body weight changes were observed at any level in the groups administered with DWC-751. The gross finding of rats administered intravenously was observed cecum distension.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was performed to examine the antigenic potential of pure melittin (Sweet Bee Venom - SBV) extracted from the bee venom by utilizing protein isolation method of gel filtration. Methods: All experiments were conducted at Biotoxtech (Chungwon, Korea), authorized a non-clinical studies institution, under the regulations of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). Antigenic potential of SBV was examined by active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in guinea pigs. SBV was subcutaneously administered at 0.07 and 0.28mg/kg and also as a suspension with adjuvant (Freund's complete adjuvant: FCA). Ovalbumin (OVA) as a suspension with adjuvant was used to induce positive control response ($5mg/m{\ell}$-FCA). Results: 1. In the ASA test, experimental groups showed some symptoms of anaphylaxis like piloerection, hyperpnea and staggering gait. 2. In the PCA test, low dosage group did not show any antibody responses, whereas high dosage group showed positive responses. 3. In the weight measurement and clinical observation, experimental groups didn't show any significant changes compared with control group. 4. In the autopsy of body, the abnormalities of lung were detected in the corpse. This means that the cause of death may induced anaphylactic shock. Conclusions: Above findings suggested that SBV had antigenic potential in guinea pig. Further studies on the subject should be conducted to yield more concrete evidences.

• 생약학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.203-207
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• 2015

This study was performed to examine the antigenic potential of purified bee venom (Apis mellifera L., PBV) collected using bee venom collector. Antigenic potential of PBV was examined by active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) in guinea pigs. PBV was subcutaneously administered at 0.025 and 0.05 mg/kg and also as a suspension with adjuvant (Freund's complete adjuvant, FCA). Ovalbumin (OVA) as a suspension with adjuvant was used to introduce positive control response. In the weight measurement and clinical observation, experimental groups didn't show any significant changes compared with control group. In the autopsy of body, the abnormalities of lung were detected only in the positive control. In the ASA test, experimental groups didn't show any symptoms of anaphylaxis like piloerection, hyperpnea and staggering gait. These results suggested that PBV didn't have antigenic potential in guinea pig.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.163-169
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• 1993

ICR 마우스를 이용하여 계면 활성제인 LAS-Na 와 MES의 급성 경구독성을 실시하였다. 6주령된 마우스 LAS-Na는 0, 1,000, 1,320, 1,780, 2,280, 3,000 mg/kg의 용량으로 MES는 0, 1,000, 1,560, 2,450, 3,830, 6,000mg/kg의 용량으로 1회 경구 투여한 후 14일간 관찰하였다. 두 물질 모두 관찰 기간동안 대조군에 비하여 유의성 있는 체중변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 시험물질과 관련된 주요 임상증상으로는 설사, 활동성 감소, 입모 등이 관찰되었다. 사체에 대한 부검결과 시험물질에 의한 것으로 판단되는 소장 점막의 충혈이 소수례 관찰되었으며, 생존 동물에서는 특이한 만한 이상소견은 발견되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로부터 $LD_{50}$값은 LAS-Na의 경우 수컷과 암컷에서 각각 1,319 mg/kg, 1,402 mg/kg이었으며, MES의 경우 수컷에서는 2,040 mg/kg, 암컷에서는 2,546 mg/kg으로 산출되었다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2004

Safety pharmacological properties of CJ-11555, an anti-cirrhotic agent, were investigated in experimental animals and in vitro test system. CJ-11555 had no effects on normal body temperature in rats, motor coordination, chemoshock induced by pentetrazol, electric shock induced by electric shocker and writhing syndromes in mice at dose levels of 100, 300 and 1,000 mg/kg. CJ-11555 inhibited intestinal activity and prolonged hexobarbital-induced sleeping time in mice at the dose level of 1,000 mg/kg. CJ-11555 affected on general activity and behaviour tests in SD rats, such as lacrimation, ptosis, piloerection, decreased body tone, abnormal dispersion within the cage, diarrhoea, red colored faeces, slight hypothermia and decreased grooming, at the dose level of 1,000 mg/kg in rats. CJ-11555 was effected on cardiovascular and respiratory system in anesthetized beagle dogs, such as tachycardia, increase of mean blood pressure and decrease of PR interval, decrease of respiratory rate and minute volume, at dose levels of 10 and 30 mg/kg. However, these effects were also observed in vehicle treated anesthetized beagle dogs. In in vitro experiments, CJ-11555 inhibited agonists (histamine, acetyl-choline or $BaCl_2$) induced contraction of isolated guinea-pig at the concentration of 30$\times$$10^6$ M. CJ-11555 was weekly inhibited hERG channel current at concentrations of 10 and 30$\times$$10^6$ M, and $IC_{50}$ was estimated to be higher than 30${\times}$$10^6$M. Based on these results, it was concluded that CJ-11555 affected on cardiovascular and respiratory system, general activity and behaviour and hexobarbital-induced sleeping time at the dose level of 1,000 mg/kg and contraction of the smooth muscle and hERG channel current at the concentration of 30$\times$$10^6$ M.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2018

Currently, injuries to customers due to health functional foods are annually increasing. To evaluate the antigenicity of Korean red ginseng mixture (KRGM), we tested for systemic anaphylactic shock and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in guinea pigs. Based on a comparison of measured body weights, there were no changes in body weight for the KRGM treatment group compared with the control group. In the ovalbumin treated group, however, there was a statistically significant decrease in body weight. For the active systemic anaphylaxis test, after the induction, there were no symptoms that suggested anaphylactic shock in the control and KRGM treatment group. In the ovalbumin treated group, there were symptoms that suggested severe anaphylaxis, and those symptoms included restlessness, piloerection, tremor, rubbing or licking the nose, sneezing, coughing, hyperpnea, dyspnea, staggering gait, jumping, gasping and writhing, convulsion, side position and Cheyne-stokes respiration. All animals died within thirty minutes in the ovalbumin treated group. For the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test in guinea pigs sensitized to KRGM, each anti-serum was diluted in a stepwise manner. This was followed by an intravenous injection of a mixture of KRGM and Evans blue. The results of the test showed that all the responses were negative in the control and the low-dose and high-dose administration groups. However, in the ovalbumin treated group, all the responses were positive. Based on the above results, there were no anaphylactic responses for up to 12 times the amount of human intake of KRGM in Hartley Guinea-pigs. The results suggest that KRGM is safe as measured by the systemic and local antigenicity in guinea pigs.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

Objectives: The present study investigated the potential subacute toxicity of 1,4-dichlorobutane (1,4-DCB) by a 2-week repeated oral dose in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Materials and Methods: The test chemical was administered once daily by gavage to male rats at dose levels of 0, 74, 222, 667, and 2000 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks. All rats were sacrificed at the end of treatment period. During the test period, clinical signs, mortality, body weights, food and water consumption, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, gross findings, and organ weights were examined. Results: At 2000 mg/kg/day, treatment-related clinical signs, as evidenced by hypothermia, decreased locomotor activity, piloerection, lying on side, and prone position were observed. All the rats were found dead on test day 2. At 667 mg/kg/day, polyuria, suppressed body weight gain, food consumption, and spleen and thymus weights, and increased adrenal gland and liver weights were observed.Hematological and serum biochemical investigations revealed increases in the alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphataseand total bilirubinand decreases in the serum $Na^+$ level, white blood cell count and lymphocyte ratio. There were no treatment-related adverse effects in the 74 and 222 mg/kg/day groups. Conclusions: In the present experimental conditions, target organs were determined to be spleen, thymus,and liver. The no-observed-adverse-effect level was considered to be 222 mg/kg/day in male rats.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2007

tert-Butyl acetate is an organic solvent used for coatings, industrial cleaning, and surface treatment applications. This study investigated the potential adverse effects of tert-butyl acetate on pregnant dams and embryo-fetal development after maternal exposure on gestational days 6 through 19 in rats. The test chemical was administered to pregnant rats by gavage at dose levels of 0, 500, 1,000, 1,500, and 2,000 mg/kg/day. All dams were subjected to a caesarean section on day 20 of gestation and their fetuses were examined for any external, visceral, and skeletal abnormalities. At 2,000 mg/kg, treatment-related clinical signs, including piloerection, abnormal gait, decreased locomotor activity, loss of fur, reddish tear, anorexia, nasal discharge, vocalization and coma, were observed in a dose-dependent manner. All dams died between the 2nd day and 5th day of treatment due to a severe systemic toxicity. At 1,500 mg/kg, minimal maternal toxicity including an increase in the incidence of decreased locomotor activity and loss of fur, and an increase in the weights of adrenal glands and liver was observed. On the contrary, no significant adverse effect on the embryo-fetal development was detected. There were no adverse effects on either pregnant dams or embryo-fetal development at <1,000 mg/kg. These results show that a 14-day repeated oral dose of tert-butyl acetate in rats caused a minimal maternal toxicity including increases in the incidence of clinical signs and the weights of adrenal glands and liver, but no embryotoxicity and teratogenicity at 1,500 mg/kg/day. Under these experimental conditions, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of tert-butyl acetate is estimated to be 1,000 mg/kg per day for dams and 1,500 mg/kg per day for embryo-fetal development.