• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.87-91
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• 1997

Leaf discs were excised from spinach leaves (Spinacia oleracea L.) and floated in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) containing paraquat solutions (0, 0.1, 1.0, 10, 20, 50 and 100 ppm), and incubated in the growth chamber under 5,500 lux illumination at $25^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr. Treatment with paraquat caused the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of lipid peroxidation in leaf discs. When 1.0, 10, 20, 50 and 100 ppm of paraquat solutions were applied to leaf discs, the contents of MDA were increased by 63, 86, 100, 140 and $150\%$ of the level without paraquat treatment respectively. 1.0, 10, 20, 50 and 100 ppm of paraquat treatments reduced the amounts of ascorbic acid in leaf discs by 23, 35, 38, 42 and $56\%$ of the level without paraquat treatment, respectively. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in leaf discs of 1.0, 10, 20, 50 and 100 ppm of paraquat treatments were decreased by 23, 42, 48, 61 and $70\%$ of the level of SOD in non-treated group, respectively. The results suggest that paraquat may cause peroxidation of membrane lipid in spinach leaves as a result of paraquat-induced destruction of physiological defense against oxygen phytotoxicity.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.233-239
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• 2012

Hematological analysis can provide crucial information for monitoring the health of fish. However, there is no current information available regarding hematological changes in olive flounder following infection by Vibrio scophthalmi. In this study, hematological and biochemical alterations were determined in olive flounder infected by the high virulence strain (HVS) and low virulence strain (LVS) of V. scophthalmi. Survival in serum, skin mucus, and macrophages of olive flounder was also compared between the HVS and LVS. The results demonstrated that the hematocrit value in infected fish declined from 23.4% at 0 h to 18.0% at 168 h post infection. The total protein concentration in fish infected with the HVS was significantly higher than in fish infected with the LVS and a non-infected control. Lysozyme activity was significantly different between infected and control fish. The HVS survived in serum and cell numbers increased substantially, while cell numbers of the LVS in serum decreased. These changes in hematological characteristics in fish infected by V. scophthalmi can be used as an effective and sensitive index to monitor the physiological and pathological conditions of fish. The survival and reproduction of V. scophthalmi in host serum, skin mucus, and macrophages play a major role in systemic infection and can serve as a virulence indicator for different strains.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.119-123
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• 2016

Acetylcholine receptors (AChR) including muscarinic and nicotinic AChR are widely expressed and mediate a variety of physiological cellular responses in neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Notably, a functional cholinergic system exists in oral epithelial cells, and nicotinic AChR (nAChR) mediates cholinergic anti-inflammatory responses. However, the pathophysiological roles of AChR in periodontitis are unclear. Here, we show that activation of AChR elicits increased cytosolic $Ca^{2+}([Ca^{2+}]_i)$, transient cytotoxicity, and induction of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) expression. Intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ mobilization in human gingival fibroblast-1 (hGF-1) cells was measured using the fluorescent $Ca^{2+}$ indicator, fura-2/AM. Cytotoxicity and induction of gene expression were evaluated by measuring the release of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and RT-PCR. Activation of AChR in hGF-1 cells by carbachol (Cch) induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with a high concentration of Cch on hGF-1 cells caused transient cytotoxicity. Notably, treatment of hGF-1 cells with Cch resulted in upregulated RANKL expression. The findings may indicate potential roles of AChR in gingival fibroblast cells in bone remodeling.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.56 no.11
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• pp.2051-2057
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• 2007

In Oriental medicine, the status of a tongue is the important indicator to diagnose one's health like physiological and clinicopathological changes of inner parts of the body. The method of tongue diagnosis is not only convenient but also non-invasive and widely used in Oriental medicine. However, tongue diagnosis is affected by examination circumstances a lot like a light source, patient's posture and doctor's condition. To develop an automatic tongue diagnosis system for an objective and standardized diagnosis, segmenting a tongue is inevitable but difficult since the colors of a tongue, lips and skin in a mouth are similar. The proposed method includes preprocessing, graph-based over-segmentation, detecting positions with a local minimum over shading, detecting edge with color difference and estimating edge geometry from the probable structure of a tongue, where preprocessing performs down-sampling to reduce computation time, histogram equalization and edge enhancement. A tongue was segmented from a face image with a tongue from a digital tongue diagnosis system by the proposed method. According to three oriental medical doctors' evaluation, it produced the segmented region to include effective information and exclude a non-tongue region. It can be used to make an objective and standardized diagnosis.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was performed to analyse the trends of risk factor management programs for patients with coronary artery disease. Methods: Using PubMed, 35 intervention studies related to risk factor management programs among randomized controlled trials searched with the key words of coronary artery disease and coronary heart disease. Collected studies were analysed according to the characteristics of studies and participants, method and content of intervention, and outcome indicator and its effects. Results: The mean period of intervention was $28.7{\pm}26.8$ weeks, the mean frequency was $3.0{\pm}2.0$ times per week, and the duration of one session was below 60 minuets in 65.8% of the reviewed studies. The interventions were counselling, exercise, education, and cognitive behavior therapy. Counselling was applied most frequently in previous studies. The outcomes of intervention had been measured with anthropometric, physical, physiological, psychological, behavioral, and cognitive aspects, but the effect of the intervention was inconsistent among the studies. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, systematic and comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation program consisted of counselling, exercise, and education should be developed and performed for health management and relapse prevention of patients with coronary artery disease.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.67-71
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• 1977

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of cingulate cortical ablation upon gastric secretion and its components in rats. 23 male rats were divided into the cingulate(N=9) and the operated control(N= 14) groups. Cingulate cortex was ablated through a slit-shaped opening(1 mm in width, 5 mm in length) which was made symmetrically on both sides of, and parallel to, the sagittal suture by removing a bone flap from frontal bone on each side. In the operated control group, the surgical procedure was ended by the removal of the bone flap. Under light ether anesthesia, experimental animals were placed in a restraining jacket of fine mesh wire and gastric juice was collected for 5 hours via a canula which had been inserted through the anterior abdominal wall into the antral portion of the lumen of the stomach. Volume of the gastric juice was measured, and total acid output and free acid output were titrated with 0.04 N NaOH solution by using phenolphthalein and Topfer's reagent at indicator, and chloride ion output was estimated by means of chloridometer. Results obtained were that volume, total acid output, free acid output and chloride ion output of the gastric juice were higher significantly in the cingulate group than in the operated control group. It is inferred from the above results that the cingulate cortex exerts a fascilitatory influence upon gastric secretion and acid output in rats.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.262-267
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• 2007

During a screening program, an actinomycete strain isolated from the Egyptian soil was investigated for its potential to show antimicrobial activity. The identification of this isolate was performed according to spore morphology and cell wall chemo-type, which suggested that this strain is a streptomycete. Further cultural, physiological characteristics and the analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene (1480 bp) of this isolate indicated that this strain is identical to Streptomyces violaceusniger (accession number EF063682) and then designated S. violaceusniger strain HAL64. In its culture supernatant, this organism could produce one major compound strongly inhibits the growth of Gram-positive but the inhibition of Gram-negative indicator bacteria was lower. The antibiotic was separated by silica gel column chromatography and then purified on a sephadex LH-20 column and finally the purity was checked by HPLC. The chemical structure of the purified compound was determined using spectroscopic analyses (molecular formula of $C_{33}H_{32}N_{2}O_{10}$ and molecular weight of 617.21) and found to be identical to the kosinostatin, a quinocycline antibiotic which is known to be produced by Micromonspora sp. TP-A0468 (Igarashi et al., 2002) and to quinocycline B isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens (Celmer et al., 1958). Although the antibiotic is known, the newly isolated strain was able to produce the antibiotic as a major product providing an important biotechnological downstream advantage.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.229-234
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• 2006

To develop the Korean standard differentiation of the symptoms and signs for the stroke(KSDS), the committee on Stroke Diagnosis Standardization of traditional Korean medicine(TKM) was organized dy nineteen experts in college of Korean medicine. On July 9th 2005, the second consultation meeting was held in Daejeon, Korea. Fifteen experts of the committee attended the meeting and they discussed the KSDS and came to a consensus. The 15-member committee consensus was as follows: First, board members defined the stroke on the basis of TKM. Second, they divided the symptoms and signs of stroke into five categories- fire and heat, dampness and phlegm, blood stasis, qi deficiency, yin deficiency. Third, the symptom indicator of each differentiation type for the stroke was recommended. KSDS-1 will be applied to the clinical practice and revised.

• BMB Reports
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.295-304
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• 2021

Olfactory neuropathology is a cause of olfactory loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Olfactory dysfunction is also associated with memory and cognitive dysfunction and is an incidental finding of AD dementia. Here we review neuropathological research on the olfactory system in AD, considering both structural and functional evidence. Experimental and clinical findings identify olfactory dysfunction as an early indicator of AD. In keeping with this, amyloid-β production and neuroinflammation are related to underlying causes of impaired olfaction. Notably, physiological features of the spatial map in the olfactory system suggest the evidence of ongoing neurodegeneration. Our aim in this review is to examine olfactory pathology findings essential to identifying mechanisms of olfactory dysfunction in the development of AD in hopes of supporting investigations leading towards revealing potential diagnostic methods and causes of early pathogenesis in the olfactory system.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.783-791
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• 2009

This study was conducted to examine my hypothesis that how teacher's teaching style influences emotional and physiological states of students in the secondary school science classroom. Sixty healthy secondary school students were participated in this study and divided into two groups: manipulation and non-manipulation. Each group underwent different styles of teaching on the scientific hypothesis-generating of com starch experiment. Before and after the class, the strength of emotion was measured using adjective emoticon check lists and they extracted their saliva sample for salivary hormone analysis. Here are the results of this study. First, the intensity of positive emotions in the manipulation group was significantly stronger than the one in the non-manipulation group, whereas the intensity of negative emotions in the non-manipulation group was significantly stronger than the one in the manipulation group. Second, the cortisol level, an indicator of stress, was decreased in the manipulation group whereas it was increased in non-manipulation group. Third, the quality of scientific hypotheses which is generated by students during the class had no connection with types of instructions. Fourth, this study found significantly negative correlation between students' emotional intensity of interest and concentration changes of salivary cortisol. Therefore, the different teaching styles have influence upon students' attitude and interest in science.