• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of grasshopper (Oxya chinensis sinuosa) powder ingestion with/without aerobic exercise (treadmill running) on energy metabolism. To achieve this purpose, 28 Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were divided into four groups: normal diet control group (CON), a normal diet with exercise control group (COEX), a grasshopper powder-supplemented diet group (GH), and a grasshopper powder-supplemented diet with exercise group (GHEX). Duration of the powder ingestion and aerobic exercise training were 6 weeks. Body weight gain ratio was not significant. Fat mass significantly decreased in GH and GHEX. There were no changes in blood glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase levels between groups. Glucose transporter type 2 and glucose transporter type 4 protein levels were not significantly different between groups. Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 level was the highest in GHEX. AMP-activated protein kinase level significantly increased in GHEX compared to the levels in the other groups. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta protein level was reduced in GHEX compared to that in CON. These results suggest that grasshopper powder ingestion and endurance exercise training influence energy metabolism.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2018

In this study, we developed a smart 1RM system for national health management and physical fitness, which enables quantitative 1RM measurement in various types of exercise using digital pulley technology, and to test the effect on training by using it. We developed the smart 1RM system, which is composed of portable muscle strength measuring device, Bluetooth communication based mobile phone data transmission and circuit diagram, and height adjustable system body. We recruited the 30 participants with 20th aged and divided into training and non-performing groups with 15 participants randomly. The participants performed 5 sets of elbow, lumbar, knee extension / flexion 10 times using smart 1RM system and the experimental period was 3 days a week for a total of 8 weeks. The experimental results showed that the maximum strength of the elbow, lumbar, and knee joints was significantly improved before and after maximal muscle strength training in the training group. Oxygen intakes during 1RM exercise mode showed 10.91% than endurance. To verify the validity of the smart 1RM maximal strength data, the reliability was 0.895 (* p <0.00). This study can be applied to the early rehabilitation treatment of the elderly and rehabilitation patients more quantitatively using the national health care.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.40-52
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• 2001

The ratio of the elderly population is rapidly growing due to socio-economic development and better medical services. As the average life-span of the Korean elderly becomes longer, the proportion of the elderly is increasing. Therefore, the elderly need to sustain a high quality of life. However, all these factors, such as sensory loss, decreased endurance, mobility limitation, and a loss of independence, act to diminish the quality of life among the elderly. It is necessary for elders to adapt themselves to aging, to maintain their physical functions and especially, it is important to keep their independence in activity of daily living and self care. Therefore, this study was designed to identify the degree of activity in daily living and exercise of a self-care agency and to investigate the relationship between activity of daily living and self-care agency. Also, this research aimed to contribute to nursing interventions that maintain and promote quality of life of the elderly and to enable themselves to live independently. The subject of this study were 160 elders, over age 65, who were sampled in C city. Data were collected by observation and questionnaires from May,1999 to December, 1999. The measurement tools were Barthel Index(1979), Lawton & Brody(1969) for activity of daily living and Kearney & Fleischer(1979) for self-care agency. Data were analyzed by SAS PC+ package and included descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Cronbach's alpha. The conclusions of this study are summarized as follows; 1. The mean of ADL and IADL was 96.09 and 16.38, respectively. The score described activity of daily living among the elders in C province as moderate. Particularly, in the items of IADL, the item of medication was the highest score. 2. The mean for exercise of self-care agency was 76.48, a moderate degree. 3. The degree of ADL and IADL according to demographic characteristics was significantly different statistically in pocket money, the presence of disease, perceived health status and in occupation, pocket money, family type, the presence of disease, and perceived health status, respectively. 4. The dagree of selt-care agency according to demographic characteristics was significantly different statistically in gender, education level, economic status, and pocket money. 5. There was a significant positive correlation between activity in daily living and self-care agency. Based on these results, further research is suggested to discover the variables influencing the activity of daily living and self-care agency to develop nursing strategies for improving self-care and activity of daily living among the elderly.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.188-198
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• 1993

We have developed a technique for growing thin oxides (6~10 nm) by the Last step TCA method. N-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor (n-MOS) capacitor and n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor's (MOSFET's) having a gate oxide with chlorine incorporated $SiO_2/Si$ interface have been analyzed by electrical measurements and physical methods, such as secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). The gate oxide grown with the Last strp TCA method has good characteristics as follows: the electron mobility of the MOSFET's with the Last step TCA method was increased by about 7% and the defect density at the $SiO_2/Si$ interface decreases slightly compared with that with No TCA method. In reliability estimation, the breakdown field was 18 MV/cm, 0.6 MV/cm higher than that of the gate oxide with No TCA method, and the lifetime estimated by TDDB measurement was longer than 20 years. The device lifetime estimated from hot-carrier reliability was proven to be enhanced. As the results, the gate oxide having a $SiO_2/Si$ interface incorporated with chlorine has good characteristics. Our new technique of Last step TCA method may be used to improve the endurance and retention of MOSFET's and to alleviate the degradation of thin oxides in short-channel MOS devices.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.124-129
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• 2003

The objectives of this study are to manufacture an efficient $TiO_2$, photocatalyst and to delineate optimum operational parameters for TCE (trichloroethylene) degradation in a photocatalytic oxidative reactor. The $TiO_2$ photocatalyst irradiated by 365 nm UV light is expected to increase degradation of TCE in solution by a series of photocatalytic oxidations in the reactor. A new membrane $TiO_2$ photocatalyst wns eventually developed by coating a mixture of Davan-C(0.24 wt%) and PVA(0.16 wt%) on the surface of slips using the slip-casting method. Results show that increase in the number of coating of $TiO_2$ sol on surface of photocatalysts and in the surface thickness improved the endurance and photocatalysts, but these physical modifications caused significant decrease in the overall degradation efficiency of TCE. Pre-aeration or recirculation of the influents to the reactors containing TCE increased degradation efficiency of TCE. The optimum operational conditions far the surface area of photocatalysts and UV light intensity appeared to be $1.47\;mL/cm^2$ and $225\;W/cm^2{\times}100$, respectively, in the reactor. Based on the overall experimental results, the photocatalytic oxidation of TCE with the new membrane $TiO_2$ photocatalyst is found to be very effective under the operational conditions delineated in this study.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2006

The primary objective of this study is to determine whether a diet supplemented with brown rice koji (BRK) results in a reduced stress response in rats and mice. BRK, which has been suggested as a candidate for use as a stress- and fatigue-fighting supplement, was compared with red ginseng extract (RG) for its stress-reducing potential. The animals in this study were divided into no-stress, stress, RG, and BRK groups of 8 to 10 animals each. Stress was induced by means of immobilization (being restrained in plastic tubes for 30 min and electroshock (0.5 mA in mice or 2 mA in rats for 5 min). The no-stress group was not exposed to stress. Rats in the RG group received oral doses of 200 mg RG extract/kg body weight daily. The BRK group was fed a 30% BRK diet and exposed to stress. Animals were given supplements for 7 days before being exposed to stress, and then were given supplements for 5 days with exposure to stress. When the stress exposure ended, the animals were observed for stress-related changes in behavior and their plasma corticosterone levels were measured. BRK supplementation was associated with a partial blockade of the effects of stress on locomotion and elevated plus-maze test results in rats and mice. It was also associated with a partial reduction in stress-induced behaviors such as freezing, burrowing, smelling, face-washing, and rearing. BRK supplementation did not have a significant effect on plasma corticosterone levels, which were increased in the animals exposed to stress (p<0.01). The mice in the RG group received RG in water (2 mg RG/ mL $H_2O$), and the BRK group received a 30% BRK diet (weight) for 7 days. Both groups were evaluated for signs of fatigue. BRK supplementation increased endurance, as indicated by time on the rota-rod, in cold water, and on the horizontal wire. These results suggest that BRK supplementation partially protects the animal from the effects of stress and may also contribute to resistance to fatigue on physical exertion.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.123-134
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• 2009

Since 1970s, urethane waterproofing method is broadly used in rooftops, underground spaces, and sports stadium for its outstanding ultraviolet blockage, watertightness, and elasticity. However, development of slippage-resistance and endurance, improvement of function considering convenience and visually pleasing of users, urethane waterproofing method is necessary, since rooftops and underground spaces have slippage and external force risks. Therefore, many improved waterproofing methods are being developed and, recently, embo-thane waterproofing method, which applies embo-spray coating system, has been developed. This paper explains exposure, nonexposure, and floor-material of embo-thane waterproofing method, and then perform experimental study for comparison with urethane waterproofing method about tensile strength, coefficient of expansion, performance of bond, anti-abrasion, and slippage-resistance. In addition, the performance index was presented for the superiority of embo-thane waterproofing method compared to urethane by setting up evaluation criteria considering not only physical performance but also design side of embo-thane waterproofing method, and Value Analysis applying AHP. Also for an assessment considering uncertain result, Monte Carlo Simulation Method was used to operate reliability analysis through statistic approach method.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.39 no.1 s.119
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• pp.38-47
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• 2007

This study was carried out to develop a new application field and obtain the basic data of citrus peel as waste in Jeju island and traditional Hanji for producing functional Hanji. The results measuring physical and optical properties, water vapor permeance and antibacterial activity are as follows. It was revealed that apparent density go as down but bulk raise up in the structural view of Hanji with increasing of the addition various Korean citrus peel (citrus unshiu, cheonggyun and hanrabong peel, and citrus unshiu peel powder) percentages, and that the density of Hanji added citrus unshiu peel was higher, but bulk was lower in compared with Hanji added other kinds of peel. Those Hanji added citrus unshiu peel, cheonggyun peel, hanrabong peel and citrus unshiu powder were very great not only in the strength (breaking length, burst index, tear index and folding endurance) but also in water vapor permeant rate in comparison with Hanji. The pHs of Hanji were neutrality (7 to 8). The brightness of the Hanji added various citrus peel percentages was low in compared to Hanji, and the 40% addition of hanrabong peel was the lowest. When 40% hanrabong peel was added to Hanji, it was very yellow in the color degree. When cheonggyun peel was added to Hanji manufacture, water vapor permeant rate was highly effective. It is known that vacant space of intrafiber was reduced by image analysis of Hanji and the additions of peel of citrus unshiu, cheonggyun and hanrabong were distributed equally in the interior of Hanji. The antibacterial activity of Hanji added citrus unshiu peel is more than 98%. After all, it would be able to increase utilization of Hanji, extensively. Namely, production of high quality Hanji added functional materials is expected for new valuable industry of citrus peel and Hanji.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.111-121
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• 2021

This study was conducted with the elderly who used a senior welfare center to help their health improvement. After the status of body composition, senior fitness, life habits, and nutrition levels in the elderly were investigated, a wellness health improvement program was conducted for 12 weeks. Effects before and after the program were examined. The following conclusions were drawn. 1. For the changes of body composition by age associated with sex, while elderly men had a significant difference in BMI, elderly women had a significant difference in B.M.I and body fat percentage. 2. For the changes of senior fitness by age associated with sex, while elderly men had a significant difference in lower body muscle, upper body muscle, upper body flexibility, and transformed general endurance, elderly women had a significant difference in lower body muscle and upper body muscle. 3. For the changes of life habits and nutrition levels by age associated with sex, while elderly men had a significant difference in diet habits and exercise habits, elderly women had a significant difference in exercise habits, stress relief habits, and total nutrition level. Based on the findings, the elderly's participation in the wellness improvement program can enhance lower body muscle which is a risk factor of daily activities and fall and increase upper body muscle which is good to carry and move everyday objects. In addition, it may play a positive role in improving diet habits and changing stress relief and exercise habits, resulting in better health and quality of life of the elderly.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.288-304
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• 2022

Walking is an eco-friendly and sustainable means of transportation that promotes health and endurance. Despite the positive health benefits of walking, pedestrian safety is a serious problem in Korea. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate with various studies to reduce pedestrian-vehicle crashes. In this study, the cognitive characteristics affecting pedestrian-vehicle crashes were considered by applying deep learning semantic segmentation. The main results are as follows. First, it was found that the risk of pedestrian-vehicle crashes increased when the ratio of buildings among cognitive factors increased and when the ratio of vegetation and the ratio of sky decreased. Second, the humps were shown to reduce the risk of pedestrian-related collisions. Third, the risk of pedestrian-vehicle crashes was found to increase in areas with many neighborhood roads with lower hierarchy. Fourth, traffic lights, crosswalks, and traffic signs do not have a practical effect on reducing pedestrian-vehicle crashes. This study considered existing physical neighborhood environmental factors as well as factors in cognitive aspects that comprise the visual elements of the streetscape. In fact, the cognitive characteristics were shown to have an effect on the occurrence of pedestrian- related collisions. Therefore, it is expected that this study will be used as fundamental research to create a pedestrian-friendly urban environment considering cognitive characteristics in the future.