• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.193-200
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• 2020

Objectives: Adolescent suicide, a major cause of adolescent death, is affected by various factors, including attitudes toward suicide. This study investigated the association between parenting style and adolescents' attitudes toward suicide and the mediating role of attitude toward suicide between parenting style and suicidal ideation. Methods: We surveyed 1,071 adolescents from eight middle schools in Incheon, Korea. The survey included sociodemographic information, attitudes toward suicide, perception of parenting style, depression severity, and suicidality. Results: Students in the authoritarian parenting group had a more permissive attitude toward suicide compared with the democratic and permissive parenting groups. These students considered that suicide is justified in certain situations and that choosing suicide is an individual's right. They also had a negative attitude toward talking about suicide or intervening in others' suicide. This association remained statistically significant after adjusting for the impact of confounding factors that could affect attitudes toward suicide, except for suicidal processes and preparedness to prevent suicide. In the mediation analysis, we observed that some factors of the attitudes toward suicide mediated between authoritarian parenting attitudes and suicidal ideation, namely, suicide as a right, preventability, suicide as normal/common, preparedness to prevent suicide, and resignation. Conclusion: This study revealed the significant impact of parenting style on children's attitudes toward suicide. Educating parents about the appropriate parenting attitudes-sympathetic and rational-can help prevent youth suicide.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.761-770
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• 2005

This study focused on the relationship between young children's aggression and associated relative factors, so that we set young children's temperament, young children's self-regulation ability, mother's parenting efficacy, and mother's parenting behavior as associated relative factors. Therefore, we researched how these associated relative factors could affect young children's aggression. Subjects were 350 young children and their mothers who were attending nine kindergarten in I-city and J-city, Jeonlabuk-do. Statistics and methods used for data analysis were Cronbach's alpha, Pearson's correlation and Multiple Regression. Result's are as followings: First, as we researched into the correlation between young children's aggression and associated relative factors, we found that there were significant correlation in young children's temperament and mother's parenting efficacy, mother's indulgent and permissive parenting behavior, and controlled parenting behavior. Second, as we researched into the efficacy between young children's aggression and associated relative factors, we found that young children's aggression was directly affected by young children's active character that is one of young children's temperaments, young children's self-regulation ability, mother's active involvement in parenting behavior, mother's indulgent and permissive parenting behavior, and mother's controlled parenting behavior. That is, young children's aggression was 22% affected by these associated relative factors.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.307-317
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• 2006

Those students with ability and interest in science should be supported to develop their potential and to reach high levels of achievement in science and technology. In order to ensure that gifted pupils are able to enhance their creativity as well as research abilities, appropriate learning programs and environments are essential. One of the various teaching and learning models for the gifted in science is the discovery learning model based on inductive science activities. There is a clear line of continuity between knowledge discovery at the forefront of research and student's learning activities. If students receive excellent training in organizing scientific concepts for themselves, they will be able to skillfully apply appropriate scientific concepts and solve problems when facing unfamiliar situations. It is very important to offer an appropriate learning environment to maximize the learning effect whilst, at the same time, understanding individual student's characteristics. In this study, the authors took great pains to research effective learning environments for gifted science students. Firstly, appropriate classroom learning environments thought by the teacher to offer the most potential were investigated. 3 different classes in which a revised teaching and learning environment was applied in sequence were examined. Inquiries were conducted into students' activities and achievement through observation, interviews, and examination of students' worksheets. A Science Education expert and 5 elementary school teachers specializing in gifted education also observed the class to examine the specific character of gifted science students. A number of suggestions in discovery learning classes for elementary students gifted in science are possible; 1) Readiness is essential in attitudes related to the inquiry. 2) The interaction between students should be developed. A permissive atmosphere is needed in small group activities. 3) Students require training in listening to others. In a whole class discussion, a permissive atmosphere needs to be restricted somewhat in order to promote full and inclusive discussion. 4) Students should have a chance to practice induction and abduction methods in solving problems.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1996

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication and $Ca^{2+}$ response in human cell lines of neuronal origin were investigated. SK-N-SH (neuroblastoma cells) and A172 cells (glioblastoma cells) were used. SK-N-SH cells were permissive for HCMV multiplication with a delay of one day compared to virus multiplication in human embryo lung (HEL) cells. The delay of HCMV multiplication in SK-N-SH cells appeared to be correlated with a delay in the $Ca^{2+}$ response. The cytoplasmic free $Ca^{2+}$ concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) began to increase at 12 h p.i. in HCMV-infected SK-N-SH cells, while $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase in HCMV-infected HEL cells was observed as early as 3 h p.i. On the whole, the level of the increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in SK-N-SH cells was about 30% of that in HEL cells. On the other hand, in A172 cells infected with HCMV, neither production of infectious virus nor detectable increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ was observed. Treatment with TPA of HCMV-infected SK-N-SH cells resulted in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase at 6 h p.i. The stimulatory effect of TPA on HCMV- induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase continued until 12 h p.i., but TPA failed to stimulate the $Ca^{2+}$ response in SK-N-SH cells at 24 h p.i., suggesting that the effect of TPA had disappeared in SK-N-SH cells at that time point. In conclusion, SK-N-SH cells are permissive for HCMV replication and the delay in $Ca^{2+}$ response may be a consequence of the lower responsiveness of SK-N-SH cells than HEL cells to HCMV infection.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine attitudes of middle-school students toward happiness, suicide, and factors associated with suicide. Methods : A self-administered questionnaire was used in a cluster sample of 1,319 middle-school students (male 793, female 526). Data were obtained on a wide range of constructs regarding their attitude towards happiness, suicidal ideation and attempts, and factors associated with suicide. Results : Middle-school students choose 'love within family' as most important factor for their happiness. Subjective mental health status was mostly associated with happiness. Subjects in lower socioeconomic status tended to respond their mental health status was not good and have more suicidal idea. 48.7% of subjects had permissive attitudes toward suicide, especially, girls. However, 65.0% responded that suicide was preventable problem. Compared to older people, middle-school students perceived that environmental factors were more important than innate and personal factors for suicide. Conclusion : Results of the study indicate that middle-school students have permissive attitudes toward suicide, but positive attitudes for the prevention of suicide. This suggest that education in these age group could be effective for the prevention of suicide. Also, approaches to suicide prevention programs should be developed based on the family intervention. Especially, we should care about girls and adolescents in lower socioeconomic status.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.145-161
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to survey the actual condition of the Middle School Students on a Drug. In this study, 500 middle school students in Seoul response to a questionnaire which is composed to analyse two categories, i.e. general facts, the actual condition of drug use (the frequency of drug use, the degree of perception on drugs, the people using a drug surrounding the degree of purchase on drugs). And the students are classified by satisfactory degree on their home backgrounds, satisfactory degree on their school life, and school record. The data is analysed by means of frequency, percentage, chi-square test and Pearson's correlation using the $SPSS-PC^+$ package program. The results of this study were as follow : The frequency of drug use except a alcohol and the degree of perception on a drug among female students are higher than among male. The female students are more permissive on the drug use and they are also tend to think more easily the purchase of a drug. The frequency of drug use and the degree of perception on drugs are higher in the group of the lower satisfactory degree on their home background. Especially, there are many people using drugs surrounding the students in the lower group. The frequency of drug use and the degree of perception on drugs are higher in the group that has the lower satisfactory degree on school life. The students in the group having low school record have more dangerous thought about the use of drugs than the students of high record. The degree of perception on a drug is higher in a higher group, and the students in a higher group also think more easily the purchase of drugs. The percentage of students using drugs are not high, but the high percentage of students are interested in the drugs and they have permissive attitudes on drugs. Thus, the preventive education for drug abuse must be done rapidly.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.28-38
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• 2017

The study is to analyze the aggressive driving behavior in the protected/permissive left turn(PPLT) intersections in Gunsan City. As a result of the logistic regression model, increasing of driver's age and driving experience, non-peak time, no company, sedan and male have a tendency to behave aggressive driving to the opposite vehicles. When the vehicles try to turn the unprotected left in the PPLT intersection, the opposite vehicle drivers recognize them at the aggressive driving behavior if the distance to opposite vehicles is not enough. The relationship between driver characteristics and the distance to the opposite vehicles is analyzed under aggressive driving behavior. increasing of age and company, peak time tend to influence the short distance opposite vehicles while male and higher driving experience the middle and long distance. Sedan has the aggressive possibility to shorter distance opposite vehicles rather than others.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2019

Objectives Suicide is a complex phenomenon not only caused by the individual's mental illness and economic situation, but also occurred in sociocultural contexts and relationships around the individual. Therefore, the attitudes, which include collective norms, thoughts and feelings of a population, toward suicide play a fundamental role in the prevention of suicide. Factor structure of Attitudes Toward Suicide (ATTS), developed by Renberg, is also various in different sociocultural contexts. This is the first study to investigate factor structure of ATTS along with nationwide sample of Korean adults. Methods This study analyzed the factor structure and reliability of ATTS in 1500 regionally stratified Korean adults. Exploratory factor analysis was performed by using principal axis factoring and varimax rotation. Results The selection of 33 ATTS items based on internal consistency and communality was conducted. Five factors were analyzed, which were named 'Good reason,' 'Negative gaze,' 'Predictability,' 'Means of escape,' and 'Common secret,' respectively. Explained total variance was 41.94%, and the internal consistency ranged from 0.516 to 0.740. Conclusions Each of the five factors contains different semantic dimensions. Consistent with previous studies, factors containing permissive attitude toward suicide was high in those with history of suicidal thought and of suicide attempt. It is notable that the 'Good reason' showed higher score in elderly. This may be related to socioeconomic or physical adversities which have been considered the major cause of suicide in elderly.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.472-483
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• 2019

This study purposed to analyze how teacher experience of instructional change (EIC), teacher morale (TM), and school climate (SC) mediate or moderate the relationship between teacher efforts on instructional improvement (EII) and teacher efficacy (TE). For the purpose, the 6th year data of Gyeonggi Education Panel Study (GEPS) which was administered in 2017 for the 9th grade students and their teachers from 197 middle schools in Gyeonggi Province was used. As results, the mediation effects of EIC on the link between EII and TE was found only under the innovative climate. The moderation effects of TM on the connection between EIC and TE were appeared in both of the permissive and the innovative climate. Finally, the moderated mediation effects of the TM in the innovative climate were bigger rather than in the permissive climate.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.391-398
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• 2019

This study aimed to investigate the factors that influence the attitude toward doping and to provide useful information for developing a doping prevention program suitable for Korean athletic players. One hundred and seventy-two players who enrolled in Korea Association of Athletics Federations were participated in this study and they filled in the questionnaire about demographic factors, information on doping, perfectionism, and perceived motivational climate. Collected data were analyzed by using stepwise multiple linear regression for exploring the main factor that affect the attitude toward doping depending on field and track events. All adult players have more permissive attitude toward doping than adolescents. In track event, while players who are sensitive to coach's criticism have more permissive attitude toward doping, players who focused on personal standards have more repressive attitude toward it. These results would be useful to develop anti-doping strategy for Korean field and track players.