• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.1086-1090
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• 2004

Architecture generation is the first step in the design of software systems. Most of the qualities that the final software system possesses are usually decided at the architecture development stage itself. Thus, if the final system should be usable, testable, secure, high performance, mobile and adaptable, then these qualities or non-functional requirements should be engineered into the architecture itself. In particular, adaptability is emerging as an important attribute required by almost all software systems. The machinery and tools in the remote site surveillance and connects intelligence information machinery and tools at Internet. We need the server which uses different embedded operating system to become private use. With the progress of information-oriented society, many device with advanced technologies invented by many companies. However, the current firmware technologies have many problems to meet such high level of new technologies. In this paper, we have successfully ported linux on an embedded system, which is based on intel Strong ARM SA-1110 processor, then written several network modules for internet-based network devices.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.35
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• pp.319-344
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• 1998

The endeavor to reveal reasons and backgrounds of juvenile's being delinquent has been continuing. Most of them, however, are not multi-dimensional and integrative, but one-dimensional which has had just focused on the factor of family or individual. One of the main purposes of this. study is to get implications on practical programs through the ecological-systematic analysis on factors and processes of juvenile delinquency. In this study, region has separated into two, one is of poor and the other is non, and then informations on factors and process of being delinquent were gathered by comparing between them. Eleven hundreds and sixteen cases were sampled from six junior-high schools which have met the purpose of this study. The survey had been committed with structured questionnaire which had been consisted in several variables; personal; familial; school and peer related; delinquent characteristics. Reliability and validity of each variables had been tested through pilot test. Effects of independent variables on dependent variables were analyzed according to the region through path analysis. In the analysis, remarkable differences on the processes of being delinquent had been found and three path models of being delinquent had been made on the basis of those differences. Each of them has shown different effecting patterns of personal, familial, and school and peer related variables on one's degree of delinquency. In Pattern 1, peer related variables have committed more powerful effects on the degree of delinquency than the others have. School related variables, in Pattern 2, commit most striking effects on the dependent variables. The degree of delinquency in Pattern 3 is most strongly effected by familial variables. The limitations that personal behavior oriented approach might be confronted in the field of juvenile delinquency have been proved by these results of this study. These results have given many implications to us on the needs of distinctive and integrative approaches to the problems of juvenile delinquency.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.81-92
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• 2019

Purpose: The salesperson, the core of the operating activities, plays the role of connecting the inside and outside of the company, representing the company to the consumer and identifying and responding to the customer's needs. The department store industry is the most representative retail industry in South Korea, and competition among its peer group and industry is intensifying, requiring differentiated service sales activities and performance from its employees. This study divided the sales force system into activity control(process-oriented control) and output control(performance-oriented control) and verified the differential impact on the job attitude of the salesperson (e.g., job satisfaction and burn-out), respectively. In addition, the effect of job satisfaction and burn-out of the salesperson on the job performance were checked. Research design, data, and methodology: The survey was conducted on 200 sales people working at five branch stores of Hyundai department store in Seoul, and 194 of them were analyzed. The reliability and validity of the variables were analyzed and hypotheses were verified through the SEM. Results: Results have shown that activity control has a greater impact on burn-out compared to output control, and output control has a greater impact on job satisfaction compared to activity control. It has been shown that the salesperson's burn-out does not affect sales performance, but that job satisfaction has a positive effect on sales performance. Conclusions: This study examines the effect of sales force management system such as activity control and output control, on the job attitude and sales performance in department stores. According to the results of this research, each of two control systems have a discriminatory effect on the job attitude variables. For the sales managers of department store, it is recommended to increase the efficiency of sales management by increasing the use of outcome control compared to activity control.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.57-80
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• 2010

This study aims at the evaluation of procedural changes and policy outcome caused by the Open Method of Coordination(OMC) on Social Inclusion in the European Union. The policy instruments of the OMC introduced by the Lisbon Council can be divided into two groups: the outcome-oriented New Public Management(NPM) and the process-oriented Directly Deliberative Polyarchy(DDP). By considering the adoption process of the NPM instruments, it can be said that OMC could not be effective due to the vagueness of its objectives, the institutional barriers in decentralized decision-making, and the rejection of benchmarking by the Member States. The intended learning by deliberation and peer review as indicated by the normative DDP, is hard to achieve because they are not so reflexive due to relatively restricted and closed participation. We also cannot find any significant reduction of poverty after the long implementation of the OMC. Considering the higher recognition of poverty problem and expanding NGOs concerned with it, however, we may see some significant impact in the future.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.109-121
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the barriers and improvements to promoting physical activity among children using community child care centers. Methods: A qualitative research using focus group interviews was employed. Three focus group interviews were conducted with a total of 18 service providers, and open-ended questions were used. All interviews were recorded as they were spoken and transcribed and data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Two main themes in the barriers to promoting physical activity were 'lack of resources' and 'limitations of program composition'. In addition, five sub-themes emerged as a result of analysis: 1) lack of human resources, 2) lack of finance, 3) lack of space, 4) one-off and short-term physical activity programs, 5) learning-oriented programs. Conclusion: The results indicate that it is necessary to have adequate human resources and a realistic government subsidy that allow community child care centers to provide sufficient services to children. In addition, promoting physical activity can be achieved through physical activity programs focused on peer group advisors, habituation, and development of programs suited to the needs of children and their environment.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2013

Data envelopment analysis is a relatively new data oriented approach to evaluate the performance of a set of peer entities called decision making units which convert multiple inputs into multiple outputs. It has been extensively applied in performance evaluation and benchmarking entities such as hospitals, universities, cities, courts, and business firms. This study provides the evaluating results of the operational efficiencies of local universities using a DEA approach. In addition, we explore the difference of the efficiency between regional flagship national universities and non-flagships.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.19-29
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• 2023

Purpose: The hospitality sector is vital to economic development, especially in metropolitan regions, where hotels are a pivotal factor in drawing in leisure and corporate visitors. Despite the potential advantages of urban hotels, there is a gap in empirical studies on the impacts of eco-friendly interior design on hotel appeal and guest behavior. Therefore, this study aims to fill out the research gap. Research design, data and methodology: This study employed a review of the literature systematically as its research design. The study's data collection technique involves exploring peer-reviewed journals through electronic databases like Scopus, and Web of Science. The present author double-checked the quality of instrument for all usable dataset. Results: Prior literature has stated a strong linkage between green interior design in urban hotels and customer behavior and hotel attractiveness. Using environmentally conscious methods, hotels can enhance the quality of their indoor atmosphere, preserve energy and water supplies, and establish a favorable public perception that appeals to environmentally aware consumers, thereby improving their overall experience and contentment. Conclusions: This study concludes that creating indoor spaces with environmental factors in mind could lead to a more enjoyable and beneficial atmosphere for hotel visitors and adopting a sustainability-oriented approach to hotel design and operations could attract potential customers.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.203-226
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• 2021

Sustainability is considered to be one of the most important social and environmental requirements of modern companies located in global supply chains, since the strong worldwide regulation on carbon emission due to global warming has been emphasized. Sustainable Supply Chain Management(SSCM) could be one of the great alternatives for global companies to maintain a pleasant business environment while fulfilling their social and environmental responsibilities. This paper aims to provide research trends and future directions on SSCM through a systematic literature review. From January of 2004 to May of 2021, 185 English-written and peer-reviewed articles published in eminent journals were selected for the review. The all reviewed papers have been published in SSCI, SCI and SCIE indexed journals and should have accredited by WOS and JCR. A descriptive analysis was followed by a content analysis with regard to research design and methods, and data analysis techniques. We found that the number of research in the field of SSCM have been recently increasing and researchers and their affiliation have been expanding to all over the world, especially to emerging countries. We also found that the rate of the empirical studies and relevant research methodologies applied to the selected papers were relatively high. In the future, it is desirable to be increased the number of the specific industry-oriented research and the quantitative research pursuing the optimality.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.27-39
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• 2009

Compulsive consumption is regarded as a global phenomenon that can adversely affect consumer well-being. Although the topic has been studied in different cultural settings, we have seen relatively little theory development and explanations of compulsive behavior Nearly all previous empirical studies attempt to explain this behavior by correlating measures of compulsive behavior with independent variables taken within the same time frame. However, recent developments in social sciences suggest that such a phenomenon may best understood in the context of the person's earlier-in-life experiences. Using the life course paradigm as an overarching framework, the present research extends previous work on this topic. Following hypotheses were drawn from literature review: H1: The earlier in childhood and adolescence a person experiences family dislocation, the greater his or her likelihood of exhibiting compulsive behaviors in adulthood. H2: The earlier in life the young person experienced family dislocation, the greater the number of family disruption events the young person experienced prior entering adulthood years. H3: Family dislocation leads to (a) increased frequency of socio.oriented family communications and (b) decreased frequency of concept-oriented family communication. H4: Young adults who were raised in families characterized by a strong socio-oriented communication structure are more likely to exhibit compulsive consumption tendencies than those who were raised in families characterized by a weak socio-oriented family communication structure. H5: Young adults who were raised in families characterized by a strong concept-oriented communication structure are less likely to exhibit compulsive consumption tendencies than those who were raised in families characterized by a week concept-oriented family communication structure. H6: The relationship between family disruption events experienced during adolescence and perceived stressfulness of these events is moderated by (a) global family support, (b) emotional family support, and (c) material family support. Those reporting higher levels of family support as teenagers are less likely to report experiencing stress due to family disruption events. H7: Perceived stressfulness of family disruption events experienced during adolescent years are associated with compulsive consumption tendencies in early adulthood. H8: The greater the number of family disruption events young adults experienced during their adolescent years the more frequent was their communication about consumption with their peers. H9: The more frequent was the young persons' communication with their peers about consumption during their adolescent years, the more likely they are to report compulsive buying tendencies as young adults. We use a sample of 120 Thai undergraduate students attending classes taught in English as part of a four-year international program. Product-moment correlations, hierarchical regression analysis and partial correlation were used to analyze data. Results of testing hypotheses showed that hypothesis 2, 4, 7 and 9 were supported and hypothesis 1, 3, 5, 6 and 8 were not supported. Our study did not find a significant relationship between the age when a person experienced family dislocation and their compulsive behavior tendencies expressed as young adults. We did not find a significant relationship between family dislocation and family communication structures. But we found a significant positive relationship between socio-oriented communication structure and compulsive buying and a significant relationship between our peer communication and compulsive buying measures. Also we found perceived stressfulness due to the disruptive events to have a significant positive relationship between the perceived stressfulness and compulsive buying. Implications from these findings, limitations of this research and future research suggestions were discussed.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.221-241
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to explore differences in styles of perfectionism, stress, and career decision-making of gifted musicians by their grade level and examine the effect of perfectionism and stress of gifted musicians on their rational career decision-making. The participants of this study were 88 gifted musicians attending in the middle school of arts. The results indicated that there were significant differences in dimensions of perfectionism by the grade level of gifted musicians. The tendency of self-oriented, other-oriented, and socially prescribed perfectionism was higher with grade level. There were significant differences by grade level in stresses that gifted musicians experienced. The higher a grade level was, the more gifted musicians got stresses in self-development, parent-child relationship, peer relationship, and school life. The effect of grade level on career decision-making was significant in the rational and the transitional career decision-making. The higher a grade level was, the more rational decision-making was but the less transitional decision-making was. Meanwhile, when the effect of perfectionism and stress of gifted musicians on the rational career decision-making was examined, the rational career decision-making was predicted by self oriented perfectionism and self-development stress.