• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.670-681
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• 2020

연구목적: 본 연구는 기존 지진현장경보 연구를 통해 단일 지진계에서 관측한 P파로부터 PGV 값을 예측하기 위한 예측식을 제시하고, 예측 결과를 현장경보에 이용하기 위한 기술적 접근 방안들을 도출하기 위한 것이다. 연구방법: 과거 4년간 규모 3,0 이상의 지진가운데 진도등급 II 이상의 데이터를 이용하여 P파로부터 PGV를 예측하기 위한 수식을 도출하고, 진원 정보 추정 없이 지진의 규모와 PGV의 크기를 상대적으로 비교하여 지진위험을 알려줄 수 있는 기술을 적용하였다. 연구결과: 개선한 PGV 예측식은 평균 94.8%의 정확도로 MMI를 추정하였고, 𝜏_c : Pd 방법 역시 로컬 지진위험을 경보하기 위한 유효한 성과를 보여주었다. 결론: 현장경보기술을 국내에 성공적으로 적용하였으며, 경보공백역을 약 14km 까지 줄일 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.158-162
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• 1992

Hydrocarbon solution of $(PPh_3)_2(CO)MOSO_2CF_3(M=Rh$, Ir)reacts rapidly with Pyrazine or 4,4'-bipyridyl to yield dinuclear metal complexes $[(PPh_3)_3(CO)M({\mu}-pyrazine)M(CO)(PPh_3)_2](SO_3CF_3)_2$ (I: M= RhH; III: M=Ir) or [$(PPh_3)_2$(CO)M(${\mu}$-44'-bipyridyl)M(CO)$(PPh_3)_2](SO_3CF_3)_2$, (II: M=Rh; IV: M=Ir), respectively. Compounds, I, II, III, and IV were characterized by $^1H-NMR$, $^{13}C-NMR$, $^{31}P-NMR$, and infrared spectrum. Ethanol solution of $(PPh_3)_2(CO)MOSO_2CF_3$ (M=Rh, Ir) also reacts with $(TBA)_2$M'$(CN)_4$ (M'=Pd, Pt) to yield trinuclear metal complexes [$(PPh_3)_2$(CO)dM-NCM'$(CN)_2$CN-M(CO)$(PPh_3)_2]$ (V : M=Rh, M'=Pd; VI : M=Rh, M'=Pt; VII: M=Ir, M'=Pd; VIII: M=Ir, M'=Pt). The trinuclear metal complexes V, VI, VII, and VIII are bridged by the cyanide groups. The infrared spectrum of V, VI, VII, and VIII supports the presence of the bridged cyanide and terminal cyanide group.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2000

The reinforced composte resin as the esthetic operative material continuously has been studied because the porcelain fused metal prosthesis is widely used for its excellent esthetics, rigidity and marginal integrity, but it has low fracture resistance against the tensile strength and stress, attrition of the opposite teeth. The reinforced composite resin is well adapt with the dental alloy but it is low the shear bond strength with the dental alloy vs the porcelain fused metal prosthesis, and then has been studied continuously. The purpose of the study was to examine how metal was the higher shear bond strength among the dental alloy was used to the reinforced composite resin and to find the effect that the particle size of sandblasting influenced the shear bond strength. We built up the reinforced composite resin with 4 mm in diameter, 3 mm in height on circular alloy with 5 mm in diameter, 2 mm in height. Type II gold, type IV gold, and Ag-Pd alloy was used as alloys and $50{\mu}m$, $110{\mu}m$, $250{\mu}m$ of the particle size was sandblasted at each alloy in bonding between alloy and resin. We made 90 secimens of 10 per each group and we measured the shear bond strength using the Instron($M100EC^{(R)}$, Mecmesin Co., England). The obtained results were as follows : 1. In comparison among each alloys, Ag-Pd alloy had the highest shear bond strength and the shear bond strength was decreased significantly in the sequence of the type II gold and type IV gold(P<0.001). 2. In comparison according to the size of sandblasting particle, (1) In Ag-Pd alloy, shear bond strength was decreased in the sequence of $110{\mu}m$, $250{\mu}m$, $50{\mu}m$ and there were significant difference in all the group. (P<0.05) (2) In type II gold, it was decreased in the sequence of $250{\mu}m$, $50{\mu}m$, $110{\mu}m$ and there were significant difference. (P<0.05) (3) In type IV gold, it was decreased in the sequence of $110{\mu}m$, $50{\mu}m$, $250{\mu}m$. There were significant difference between the group of $110{\mu}m$ and $50{\mu}m$, the group of $110{\mu}m$ and 250, but there were no significant difference in the group of $50{\mu}m$ and $250{\mu}m$. 3. The highest shear bond strength according to the size of sandblasting particle was $110{\mu}m$ in Ag-Pd alloy and type IV gold, $250{\mu}m$ in type II gold.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.722-730
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• 2021

본 연구는 인삼열매로부터 RG-II 형태의 다당(GBW-II)을 분리하고 대식세포 활성화에 대한 세포 내 신호전달의 세부 기작을 규명함으로써 새로운 건강기능성식품 소재 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제시하고자 진행되었다. GBW-II의 구성당을 확인한 결과, 전형적인 RG-II의 구성당인 2-methyl-xylose, apiose, aceric acid, KDO 및 DHA와 같은 특이 구성당을 함유함을 확인할 수 있었다. GBW-II는 대식세포 유래 세포주인 RAW 264.7 cell에 처리하였을 경우, 어떠한 세포 독성도 확인되지 않았으나 IL-6와 TNF-α와 같은 cytokine의 분비는 농도 의존적으로 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 RAW 264.7 cell을 이용한 세포 내 신호전달에 관한 실험 결과들을 종합해 볼 때, GBW-II는 대식세포 표면에 발현된 TLR2, TLR4 및 SR에 결합하여 MAPKs (p38, ERK) 및 NF-κB를 경유하여 IL-6와 TNF-α와 같은 cytokine의 분비를 증가시키는 것으로 최종 확인되었다. 한편, RG-I, RG-II, β-glucan, arabinoxylan 및 xyloglucan과 같은 식물체 유래 고분자 다당체의 약리활성은 그들의 구조적 차이에서 기원하는 것으로 알려져 있기 때문에 건강기능성식품 소재로의 개발을 위해서는 활성물질의 미세구조에 대한 해명이 필수적이라 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구진은 추후 연구에서 효소적 및 화학적 가수분해, methylation, sequencing 등을 이용하여 인삼열매 유래 정제 다당 GBW-II의 미세구조를 규명하고자 한다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1183-1185
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• 1997

Dimethylamine complexes of palladium(Ⅱ) [(PCP)Pd(NHMe2)](OTf) (PCP = 2,6-(R2PCH2)2C6H3); R = Ph (1), R = Cy (2)), have been prepared from the reaction of (PCP)Pd(OTf) and dimethylamine. The complex 1 is stable both in solution and in the solid state, while 2 is stable only in solution in the presence of dimethylamine although the formation of 2 in solution is quantitative by NMR Spectroscopy. A solution NMR spectroscopic study shows that dimethylamine favors over carbon monoxide in the coordination sphere of palladium(Ⅱ) having rigid terdentate ligands. The complexes 1 and 2 in chlorinated solvents undergo a chlorine abstract reaction yielding Pd(2,6-(R2PCH2)2C6H3)Cl in the presence of a base such as dimethylamine and DABCO (diazabicyclooctane), in which a transient dimethylamido palladium(Ⅱ) species likely involves.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.894-900
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• 2021

This paper examines sorption of Pd(II) onto illite, MX-80 bentonite, and Queenston shale in Na-Ca-Cl solutions of varying ionic strength (IS) from 0.01 to 6.0 mol/L (M) and pH_c ranging from 3 to 9 under atmospheric conditions. A 2-site protolysis non-electrostatic surface complexation and cation exchange model was applied to the Pd sorption onto illite and MX-80 using PHREEQC, and the model results were compared to the experimental ones obtained in this work. Surface complexation and cation exchange constants were estimated for both illite and MX-80 through the optimization process to bring the predicted distribution coefficients from the model into alignment with the experimentally derived values. These optimized surface complexation constants were compared to existing linear free energy relationships (LFER).

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

Objectives: This study investigated the pattern identification (PI) and clinical index of Parkinson's disease (PD) for personalized diagnosis and treatment. Methods: This prospective observational multi-center study recruited 100 patients diagnosed with PD from two Korean medicine hospitals. To cluster new subtypes of PD, items on a PI questionnaire (heat and cold, deficiency and excess, visceral PI) were evaluated along with pulse and tongue analysis. Gait analysis was performed and blood and feces molecular signature changes were assessed to explore biomarkers for new subtypes. In addition, unified PD rating scale II and III scores and the European quality of life 5-dimension questionnaire were assessed. Results: The clinical index obtained in this study analyzed the frequency statistics and hierarchical clustering analysis to classify new subtypes based on PI. Moreover, the biomarkers and current status of herbal medicine treatment were analyzed using the new subtypes. The results provide comprehensive data to investigate new subtypes and subtype-based biomarkers for the personalized diagnosis and treatment of PD patients. Ethical approval was obtained from the medical ethics committees of the two Korean medicine hospitals. All amendments to the research protocol were submitted and approved. Conclusions: An objective and standardized diagnostic tool is needed for the personalized treatment of PD by traditional Korean medicine. Therefore, we developed a clinical index as the basis for the PI clinical evaluation of PD. Trial Registration: This trial is registered with the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) (KCT0008677)

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.114-120
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A pivotal role of oxidative stress has been emphasized in the pathogenesis as well as in the disease progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed at investigating serum levels of antioxidant vitamins and elucidating whether they could be associated with the pathogenesis and progression of PD. MATERIALS/METHODS: Serum levels of retinol, ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-tocopherols, ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-carotenes, lutein, lycopene, zeaxanthin and ${\beta}$-cryptoxanthin were measured and compared between 104 patients with idiopathic PD and 52 healthy controls matched for age and gender. In order to examine the relationship between antioxidant vitamins and the disease progression, multiple group comparisons were performed among the early PD (Hoehn and Yahr stage I and II, N = 47), advanced PD (stage III and IV, N = 57) and control groups. Separate correlation analyses were performed between the measured antioxidant vitamins and clinical variables, such as Hoehn and Yahr stage and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor score. RESULTS: Compared to controls, PD patients had lower levels of ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-carotenes and lycopene. ${\alpha}$-carotene, ${\beta}$-carotene and lycopene levels were significantly reduced in advanced PD patients relative to early PD patients and were negatively correlated with Hoehn and Yahr stage and UPDRS motor score in PD patients. No significant differences were found in serum levels of retinol, ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-tocopherols, and other carotenoids between PD patients and controls. No significant correlations were found between these vitamin levels and clinical variables in PD patients. CONCLUSTIONS: We found that serum levels of some carotenoids, ${\alpha}$-carotene, ${\beta}$-carotene and lycopene, were lower in PD patients, and that these carotenoids inversely correlated with clinical variables representing disease progression. Our findings suggest that decreases in serum ${\alpha}$-carotene, ${\beta}$-carotene and lycopene may be associated with the pathogenesis as well as progression of PD.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.83-91
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• 1999

Angiotensin II (ANG II) has a biphasic effect on $Na^+$ transport in proximal tubule: low doses of ANG II increase the $Na^+$ transport, whereas high doses of ANG II inhibit it. However, the mechanisms of high dose ANG II-induced inhibition on $Na^+$ uptake are poorly understood. Thus the aim of the present study was to investigate signal transduction pathways involved in the ANG II-induced inhibition of $Na^+$ uptake in the primary cultured rabbit renal proximal tubule cells (PTCs) in hormonally defined serum-free medium. ANG II $(10^{-9}\;M)-induced$ inhibition of $Na^+$ uptake was blocked by losartan $(10^{-8}\;M,\;AT_1\;antagonist),$ but not by PD123319 $(10^{-8}\;M,\;AT_2\;antagonist)$ (P<0.05). ANG II-induced inhibition of $Na^+$ uptake was also completely abolished by neomycin $(10^{-4}\;M,$ PLC inhibitor), W-7 $(10^{-4}\;M,$ calmodulin antagonist), and $AACOCF_3\;(10^{-6}\;M,\;PLA_2\;inhibitor)$ (P<0.05). ANG II significantly increased $[^3H]arachidonic$ acid (AA) release compared to control. The ANG II-induced $[^3H]AA$ release was blocked by losartan, $AACOCF_3,$ neomycin, and W-7, but not by PD123319. ANG II-induced $[^3H]AA$ release in the presence of extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ was greater than in $Ca^{2+}-free$ medium, and it was partially blocked by TMB-8 $(10^{-4}\;M,$ intracelluar $Ca^{2+}$ mobilization blocker). However, in the absence of extracellular $Ca^{2+},$ it was completely blocked by TMB-8. In addition, econazole $(10^{-6}\;M,$ cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase inhibitor) and indomethacin $(10^{-6}\;M,$ cyclooxygenase inhibitor) blocked ANG II-induced inhibition of $Na^+$ uptake, but NGDA $(10^{-6}\;M,$ lipoxygenase inhibitor) did not affect it. In conclusion, $PLA_2-mediated$ AA release is involved in ANG II-induced inhibition of $Na^+$ uptake and is modulated by $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in the PTCs.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.177-183
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• 1998

C2-손대칭 리간드(chiral ligand)의 한 종류인 (+)-11S,12S-bis [2,2'-(diphenylphosphino)benzanilido]-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene과 백금과 코발트를 포함하는 착물과 각각 반응시켜, 세 종류의 새로운 착물인 $\pi$-allyl Pt(+)-11S,12S-bis[2'-(diphenylphosphino)benzanilido]-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene perchlorate, $\pi$-allyl Pt(+)-11S,12S-bis[2,2'-(diphenylphosphino)benzanilido]-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene chloride, (${\eta}$5-cyclopentadienyl) Co -(+)-11S,12S-bis[2,2'-(diphenylphosphino)benzanilido]-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene를 얻었다. 그리고 (${\eta}$3-cyclohexenyl) Pd 착물과 대칭리간드인 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane 과 반응시켜 새로운 착물, (${\eta}$3-cyclohexenyl) Pd1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane perchlorate를 생성하였다. 이들 착물은 NMR-, IR-, Mass-spectrometer, 원소분석등의 각종 화학분석기기에 의해 각각 확인되었다.