• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.22-37
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• 1974

Through the examination of hospitalized patient's records, this study purports to determine. the extent to which nursing record behaviors meet general expectations held for nursing records and the differences in nursing record behavior in relation to different nursing categories, period of recording and hospitals with different management patterns. Nursing record behaviors of 802 patient's records in four hospitals in Seoul were examined. by use of a check list, which was prepared by the author as an instrument for the study. Data obtained from this examination were processed into percentage values for percentage. test and chi-square test in order to determine their significance. Results are as follows; 1. Records pertaining to treatment ranked highest among all care categories in their extent of coverage, averaging 65.6 percent. 2. Of the treatment category records, records of medication led others at 94.3 percent. followed by records of test and collection of specimens at 59.9 percent. diet at 58.8 percent and treatment at 41.0 percent. 3. Records in the category of physical assessment and care averaged 44.1 percent, the second highest next to treatment category records, 4. Of the records in the category of physical assessment and care, records in vital signs. placed first at 98.9 percent, followed by sleep at 76.2 percent, body weight at 74.7 percent, symptoms and signs at 69.3 percent, rest at 44.5 percent, hygiene at 39.7 percent, activities and participation at 16.9 percent, positions at 10.3 percent, level of consciousness at 9.8 percent and physiological dysfunction at 1.1 percent in that order. 5. Records in the category of psychological assessment and care averaged 3.2 percent, the lowest of the -three major categories. 6. Of the records in the category of psychological assessment and care, records on emotional responses ranked top at 10.5 percent, followed by self-concern at 2.1 percent, adjustment at 2.0 percent, family, occupational and social relations at 0.7 percent and preferences. and interest at 0.5 percent in that order. 7. Records in relation to the category of specific conditions were found in 9.1 percent of the total records. 8. Of the records in the category of specific conditions, consultation and transfer records, stood first at 25.0 percent, followed by precautionary measurements at 1.4 percent and isolation at 0.9 percent 9. A great difference in nursing record behavior was observed between the first week of hospitalization and the last week, with the first week's recordings much higher than the last week in the categories of treatment and specific conditions (p<0.01). and of physical assessment and care (p <0.05). 10. A big difference was also observed among the hospitals (p<0.01). 11. A big difference was also observed between the government-run hospitals and the private hospitals in the categories of physical assessment and care and specific conditions in the first week of hospitalization (P<0.05l), and in the category of psychological assessment and care in the last week (P<0.05). 12. Between the hospitals established with foreign aid and the other hospitals, the difference in nursing record behavior was significant only in the category of physical assessment and care both in the first week and the last week (P<0.01). 13. The average nursing record behavior in all care categories stood at 45.1 percent in the extent of its coverage in relation to the general expectations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2017

Patients diagnosed with the serious disease of cancer may have anxiety and fear of closed spaces while receiving radiation therapy. This study investigated patients receiving treatment based on Linac and Tomotherapy to look into this anxiety and fear. Study method was survey. The survey was performed according to treatment duration (treatment within 5 minutes, 10 minutes, over 20 minutes, and over 30 minutes). The patients were also surveyed about any experience of changing treatment rooms or machines due to machine failure. A total of 200 survey questionnaires with full answers were researched in this study. As a result, it was found that the less the patients' experience on radiation therapy, the higher their anxiety was. The dominating reason for this result was because the patients expected possible pain during the treatment process. In terms of treatment machine, Linac showed the highest anxiety of all for the openness of its patient stand. The most stable status was found in the case of treatment between 20 minutes and 30 minutes using Tomotherapy. The reason was the coziness of Tomotherapy machine. In the case of receiving the treatment for over 30 minutes, patients felt anxious for the isolation from the outside. The study findings are expected to serve as the necessary data for quality medical service with enhanced patient satisfaction in the clinical field.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2004

Vibrio vulnificus is a halophilic bacterium frequently involved in human infection of seafood-associated primary septicemia and primary wound infection, mostly in men with over 40-years of age with underlying liver disease. The primary septicemia, which is the most common form of V. vulnificus infection in Korea, is defined as a systemic illness presenting fever or hypotension with recovery of V. vulnificus from blood or tissue without the apparent primary focus of infection. V. vulnificus typically do not produce acid from sucrose, but a case of primary septisemia was found in a patient at Chonnam K hospital in 1993 from whose blood a sucrose-fermenting strain was isolated. The patient was a 62-year-old man, heavy drinker, with underlying liver disease. He consumed a raw seafood dish two days before onset of the present illness. His symptoms were tenderness and swelling on the right foot. He rapidly developed septicemia, resulting in sudden death. V. vulnificus was isolated from the venous blood culture of the patient. On subculture, the isolate formed yellow colonies on TCBS and produced acid from sucrose. Because of these characteristics, species identification was not achieved by the API 20E and was delayed. Other characteristics of the isolate were identical to those of typical V. vulnificus. The isolate was common serotype O4A and possession of V. vulnificus-specific cytolysin gene was detected by PCR. The isolate was susceptible to all the antimicrobial agents tested including tetracycline, but was intermediate to colistin. In conclusion, it is important that microbiologists be aware of the presence of sucrose-positive V. vulnificus when he or she identifies gram-negative bacilli, which is isolated from the blood of patients with a recent history of raw seafood dish consumption.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 2013

Purpose: I-131 is a radioisotope widely used for thyroid gland treatments. The physical half life is 8.01 and characterized by emitting beta and gamma rays which is used in clinical practice for the purpose of acquiring treatment and images. In order to reduce the recurrence rate after surgery in high-risk thyroid cancer patients, the remaining thyroid tissue is either removed or the I-131 is used for treatment during relapse. In cases of using a high dosage of radioactive iodine requiring hospitalization, the patient is administered dosage in the hospital isolation ward over a certain period of time preventing I-131 exposure to others. By checking the radiation amount emitted from patients before discharge, the patients are discharged after checking whether they meet the legal standards (50 uSv/h). After patients are discharged from the hospital, the contamination level is checked in many parts of the ward before the next patients are hospitalized and when necessary, decontamination operations are performed. It is expected that there is exposure to radiation when measuring the ward contamination level and dose check emitted from patients at the time of discharge whereby the radiation exposure by health workers that come from the patients in this process is the main factor. This study analyzed the correlation between discharge dose of patients and ward contamination level through a variety of factors such as renal functions, gender, age, dosage, etc.). Materials and Method: The study was conducted on 151 patients who received high-dosage radioactive iodine treatment at Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital during the period between 8/1/2011~5/31/2012 (Male: Female: 31:120, $47.5{\pm}11.9$, average dosage of $138{\pm}22.4$ mCi). As various factors expected to influence the patient discharge dose & ward contamination such as the beds, floors, bathroom floors, and washbasins, the patient renal function (GFR), age, gender, dosage, and the correlation between the expected Tg & Tg-Tb expected to reflect the remaining tissue in patients were analyzed. Results: In terms of the discharge dose and GFR, a low correlation was shown in the patient discharge dose as the GFR was higher (p < 0.0001). When comparing the group with a dosage of over 150mCi and the group with a lower dosage, the lower dosage group showed a significantly lower discharge dose ($24{\pm}10.4uSv/h$ vs $28.7{\pm}11.8uSv/h$, p<0.05). Age, gender, Tg, Tg-Tb did not show a significant relationship with discharge dose (p> 0.05). The contamination level in each spot of the treatment ward showed no significant relationship with GFR, Tg, Tg-Tb, age, gender, and dosage (p>0.05 ). Conclusion: This study says that discharge of the dose in the patient's body is low in GFR higher and Dosage 150mCi under lower. There was no case of contamination of the treatment ward, depending on the dose and renal association. This suggests that patients' lifestyles or be affected by a variety of other factors.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.108-115
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• 2018

In the present study, results of the identification of Gram-positive bacilli (GPB) were analyzed by using the MALDI-TOF MS technique to score each 2-year blood culture at a university hospital. In addition, 16S rRNA sequence analyses and MALDI-TOF MS results are compared to targeting strains that had been isolated two or more times within the same patient, to evaluate the usefulness of MALDI-TOF MS in GPB identification. According to the cut-off (${\geq}1.7$) criteria, there were 410 (57.5%) reliable strains and 303 (42.5%) non-identified strains among the GPB identification results of 713 strains, using a microflex MALDI Biotyper (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany). The isolation appeared most often in the following order: Corynebacterium striatum, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Paenibacillus urinalis, and Listeria monocytogenes. Nearly three-fourths, 66 out of 89 (74.2%) of the strains for Corynebacterium striatum; 44 out of 60 (73.3%) strains for Bacillus cereus; and all (25 out of 25, 100%) Listeria monocytogenes strains were identified by their high scores of 2.0 or higher. Most (293 strains out of 303) non-identified strains were strains isolated only once and not significant as infectious bacilli. A total of 43 out of 50 (86.0%) strains matched and were able to be identified based on the 16 rRNA sequencing comparison results of strains that were isolated twice or more within the same patient and significant as infection bacilli. Non-matching among 5 out of 7 strains was not identified, even with MALDI-TOF MS. In conclusion, GPB can be identified in blood cultures using MALDI-TOF MS. This can be done accurately with ease, rapidly, and at a low cost. It is also thought to be helpful in GPB diagnosis and treatment.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.262-272
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• 2000

As a part of investigation for basic epidemiology of diarrheogenic disease, we attempted isolation of Escherichia coli from patients with diarrhea. Seven hundred and twenty-one strains of E. coli were isolated from 1,239 patients with diarrhea. Seasonal distribution of patient with diarrhea was shown the most high at August (18.2%). Age group distribution of patient was shown the most high at children (54.6%, 2 to 10 years old). The serotypes of 721 E. coli isolates were in order of serotype O44 (16.8%), O153 (8.6%), O1 (7.5%), O166(5.7%), O8 and O86a (4.7%), and O125 (4.6%). The supernates cultured 36 strains among 721 E. coli isolates were indicated cytotoxicity against monolayered Vero cells. All of the isolates were susceptible to amikacin. The isolates were resistant in order of novobiocin (99.0%), moxalactam (97.1%), carbenicillin (96.1%), tetracycline (90.4%), ampicillin (85.9%), gentamicin (84.0%), streptomycin (78.4%), cephalothin (46.6%) and polymyxin B (4.2%). In the antibiotic resistant patterns, 125 kinds of multiple resistance patterns of E. coli isolates were detected. The highest resistant pattern was ampicillin-carbenicillin-chloramphenicol-cephalothin-erythro-mycin- gentamicin-moxalactam-novobiocin-penicillin G-streptomycin-tobramycin-tetracycline-tri methoprim type (24.3%).

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.197-203
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• 1998

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a disease occuring predominantly in patients with defects in immunity such as neutropenia, hematologic malignancies or with defects in cell-mediated immunity. The isolation of Aspergillus from respiratory tract of normal host usually signifies tracheobronchial colonization, making this diagnosis difficult. There are isolated case reports occuring in normal hosts but most of them were diagnosed postmortem at autopsies indicating that early diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in normal host is difficult. We describe here a case of invasive aspergillosis in a immunocompetent host diagnosed by lung biopsy which was successfully treated with Amphotericin-B. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis should be included as one of the differential diagnosis if a patient with pneumonic consolidation does not respond to usual therapy, even if the patient does not have any defect in immunity.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.69 no.6
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• pp.469-473
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• 2010

Nocardia farcinia, an aerobic, gram-positive bacilli actinomycetes of the genus Nocardia, is an uncommon pathogen found in humans. The most common Nocardia infection sites are the lung, central nervous system, and skin. Even though hematogenous dissemination can occur, isolation of the organism from blood cultures is very rare. We report a case of Nocardia infection that was isolated on blood cultures. A 59-year-old male with a medical history that includes a liver transplantation 6-years prior due to hepatocellular carcinoma secondary to chronic hepatitis B, developed pneumonia and was transferred to Severance Hospital. At the time of admission, the patient's initial exam showed hypothermia, tachypnea, and hypotension. His chest radiograph showed severe pneumonia and a large abscess on left upper lobe. Under the presumptive diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia or other opportunistic infection, we started broad spectrum antibiotics. However, he developed Nocardia sepsis, rapidly deteriorated, and subsequently died.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 2016

Tuberculosis (TB) remains an unsolved community health problem since identification of its causing microorganism called Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) by Robert Koch in 1882. Annually, eight million TB cases are newly reported and 2~3 million patients die from TB. Pulmonary TB is highly infectious and untreated pulmonary TB patients are believed to infect >10 people in a year. The conventional methods for diagnosis of TB are chest X-ray and isolation of the causing microorganisms from patient specimens. Screening of TB is conducted with smeared sputum in slides, and TB is confirmed by identification of MTB in cultured specimens. One of the fatal pitfalls of screening detection for smeared sputum is that it is impossible to distinguish MTB and other acid-fast bacilli (AFB) because they are stained equally with Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain. Culture of MTB is the most reliable method for diagnosis of TB but it takes 4~8 weeks. In this report, we suggest a fast and highly-reliable MTB detection method that distinguishes AFB in sputum samples. Purified DNA from the AFB stained slide samples offered by The Korean Institute of Tuberculosis were used to detect infected MTB in patients. PCR, real-time PCR and reverse blot hybridization assay (REBA) methods were applied to purified DNA. Conclusively, the real-time PCR method was confirmed to produce high sensitivity and we were able to further detect drug-resistant MTB with REBA.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 2002

During acute stages of hospitalized stroke patients, family caregivers face many challenges. They often experience emotional distress, social isolation, and financial constraints. However, the burden of caregiving of stroke patients in acute stages has never been studied properly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors related to the caregivers' burden with acute stroke. The subjects were 123 acute stroke patients and their caregivers who were admitted to neurology and neurosurgery units at Dan Kook University Hospital in Chung-Nam area. An interview was performed with the use of standardized questionnaire which included data pertaining to the patients/caregivers characteristics, caregiver burden (Modified Zarit's Burden Scale), and social support (Personal Resource Questionnaire). Our results showed that the mean burden score was 3.11, indicating high level of burden. Among the sub-domain scores, financial burden was the highest. In univariate analysis, the factors related to caregiver burdens were: inability to communicate between patients and caregiver(p<.001); low cognitive function of the patients(p<.001); low level of ADL(p<.001); the gender of caregiver(p<.001); the current employment status of caregivers(p<.01); the presence of social support for caregiver(p<.001); and the availability of alternative caregivers(p<.001). In multiple regression analysis, social support for family caregivers (87%), low level of patient's cognition (2%), availability of 2nd caregiver (1%), and gender of caregiver (female, 0.4%) were significant explanatory factors of overall burden. The caregivers' burden in acute stages during hospitalization following stroke was high. Recognition of high levels of caregivers' burden and those relating factors affecting caregiver burden may allow us to develop different nursing strategies to unload the level of burden for caregivers in acute stages of stroke.