• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.515-520
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• 2001

The anticoagulant activities of fucoidan fractions extracted from Sporophylls of Undaria pinnatifida, Laminaria religiosa, Hizikia fusiforme and Sargassum fulvellum were studied to assess the relationship between chemical characteristics and the activities. Crude fucoidans extracted with diluted HCl solution (pH 2.0) at $65^{\circ}C$ were precipitated with cetylpyridinum chloride and then fractionated by dissolving the precipitated complex with increasing $CaCl_2$, concentrations (1.0 M, 1.5 M, 3.0 M). The anticoagulant activities of the fractions with respect to activated partial thromboplastin (APTT) increased with increase in their sulfate content and Undaria finnatifida Fr-3.0 fraction, prepared by dissolving with 3.0 M $CaCl_2$ solution, exhibited the highest activity. The Undaria finnatifida Fr-3.0 fraction was further modified with pronase and laminase. The pronase and laminase treatment decreased protein and glucose content and the APTT activity was higher than that or parent Undaria finnatifida Fr-3.0 fraction. The pronase and laminase modified Undaria finnatifida Fr-3.0 was composed of fucose, galactose, mannose, sulfate, uronic acid in the approximately molar ratio of 1.00 : 1.30: 0.03 : 2.70 : 0.08.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.199-214
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• 1998

This study was performed to prove the antithrombotic effects of DoHongYeum fluid by way of experimental methods. The thrombosis was induced by injection of collagen the mixture (0.1ml/10g, 2mg/kg B.W)plus serotonin (5mg/kg B.W) into the caudal vein of rat, 2 hours after liquid extract of DoHongYeum was oral administration. The effect of the fluid of DoHongYeum was rxamined by the number of RBC and platelets, bleeding time, blood clotting time, death rate, platelet aggregation, plasmacoagulation factor activity, exvivo and fibrinolytic activity of englobulin fracture in the rats. The results were summerized as followings. 1. The number of RBC and platelets was significantly increased in DoHomeYeum group incomparison with the control group. 2. Bleeding time was significantly shortened in DHY group in comparison with the controlgroup. 3. Blood clotting time was significantly prolonged in DHY group in comparison with the control group. 4. The death rate of mouse was inhibited in DHY group in comparison with the control group. 5. The platelet aggregation was inhibited in DHY group in comparison with the control group. 6. The prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time on the test of plasmacoagulation factor activity was prolonged but was not valuable in DHY group. 7. Fibrinogen lyses time of rat was reduced and lyses area was increased in DHY group incomparison with the control group. 8. Fibrinogen lyses time of rat in vitro assay was reduced in DHY group. From the above results, it was thought that the DoHongYeum could be applied effectively in the thrombosis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.255-259
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• 1993

The efficacy of the autotransfusion system is a reducing the need of intraoperative and postoperative transfusion in cardiovascular surgery. Between January 1990 and December 1991, we experienced 23 cases of autotransfusion using Haemonetic Cell Saver in cardiovascular surgery [Experimental group]. Another 13 cases which were taken similiar operations without Cell Saver during same period [Control group]. The amounts of blood transfused are 4.23 1.84 units in Control group, 2.82 1.84 units in Experimental group. Postoperatively, both groups showed decreased platelet counts, mild prolongation of prothrombin and partial thromboplastin time compred to preoperative value [P<0.001], but there were no significant differences between two group [P=NS]. Plasma hemoglobin was markedly increased in Experimental group compared with Control group [p<0.05]. In Experimental group, amount of average processed blood by Cell Saver was 700ml of which composition was hemoglobin 17mg/dl, hematocrit 50.0%, RBC 5,590,000/ml, WBC 7500/ml, and platelet 40,000/ml. The culture of the processed blood revealed no growth of the organisms. Conclusively, Cell Saver autotransfusion system is a simple, safe, and cost effective method especially in the cases associated with massive bleeding. However, it requires familiarity with system, gentle manipulation of suction tip, and careful selection of candidates to obtain maximal benefits .

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.170-173
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• 2010

Antioxidant and anticoagulant activities of water extract and 70% ethanol extract of Phyllostachys pubescence leaf (PPL) produced in Geoje were investigated. Total polyphenol contents of PPL-water extract and PPL-70%, EtOH extract were measured as $80.6{\pm}3.2$ and $71.3{\pm}2.7$ mg/g, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activity of PPL-water extract and PPL-70% EtOH extract were 50% and 90%, respectively. The anticoagulant activity, in intrinsic pathway of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) showed a concentration-dependency. This results showed that PPL-water extract and PPL-70% EtOH extract have high antioxidant and anticoagulant activities.

• BMB Reports
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.567-572
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• 1999

We have previously shown that a DNA fragment is responsible for the anticoagulatory effect of an earthworm, Lumbricus rubellus. The anticoagluant increased the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and also inhibited the thrombin activity observed with either N-${\alpha}$-p-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (TAME) or H-D-phenyl-alanyl-L-pipecoil-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide (S-2238). Since trypsin digestion of the anticoagulant further increased the APTT, the possible presence of a regulatory protein for the anticoagulatory DNA was investigated by digesting the anticoagulant with trypsin and isolating the DNA fragment with C4-reversed phase HPLC. The DNA fragment lacking a regulatory protein was eluted in the flow-through fraction, and analyzed with thrombin and activated factor X. Activated factor X activity was more strongly inhibited than thrombin activity. For DNA digestion, we treated the anticoagulant with DNase and purified the DNA-binding protein with a FPLC Resource-S cation exchange column. The regulatory protein, with an $M_r$ of 55.0 kDa, reduced the anticoagulatory effect of the DNA fragment.

• BMB Reports
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.37-40
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• 1997

Earthworm extracts are known for anti-inflammatory, analgesic. antipyretic, and anticancer effects but can also influence blood circulation. It was previously shown that an earthworm, Lumbricus rubelius. contained a water-extractable anticoagulant which was a heat- and acid-stable molecule with hydrophilic property. In order to uncover the biochemical nature of this molecule, the anticoagulant was processed with various hydrolases such as trypsin, DNase, RNase. and lysozome. When the digested samples were analyzed with an in vitro coagulation test measuring activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and agarose gel electrophoresis, the anticoagulant proved to be a relatively homogeneous DNA fragment with relative molecular size around 72 base pairs. Interestingly, the activity was further stimulated with a trypsin digestion. RNA. on the other hand, did not prolong the APTT. It was also demonstrated that the DNA accelerated the antithrombin III (AT-III) inhibition of thrombin from $IC_{50}$ of 0.34 to 0.16 unit determined with S-2238 as a substrate, whereas heparin, a popular anticoagulant. shifted the value to 0.05. Therefore, it is suggested that the DNA could be considered as an alternative antithrombotic agent to heparin, which would exhibits bleeding side effects.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.534-537
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• 2004

We produced twelve monoclonal antibodies(mAbs) against thyroglobulin and characterized the bindig profiles. Among them, three mAbs(TN-1, TN-2 and TN-3) were further characterized their binding specificities. TN-2 had a potent lupus anticoagulant activity and potentiated the anticoagulant effect of venom phospholipase A₂. he anticoagulant mechanism of TN-2 was elongation of the partial thromboplastin time and binding to phosphatidylserine which may have a pivot role in blood coagulation. And TN-2 was cross-reacted with ss-DNA and ds-DNA and had a characteristic of autoantibody. These results suggest that TN-2 may provide a useful tool for studying the correlation between autoimmune thyroiditis and its therapeutic effect.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.239-253
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• 2000

This study was carried out to evaluate the three months subacute intravenous toxicity of water soluble dimethyl dimethoxy biphenylate derivative (DDB-S), a newly formulated therapeutic agent for hepatitis, in Beagle dogs. Groups of 12 male and 12 female dogs were given different dosage of DDB-S, 10 mg/kg/day (high dose group), 5 mg/kg/day (middle dose group), 2.5 mg/kg/day (low dose group) and 0 mg/kg/day (control group) for three months by intravenous route. 1n the three months intravenous toxicity study, there were neither dead animals nor significant changes of body weights during the experimental period. 1n addition to, no significant DDB-S related changes were found in clinical signs, urinalysis and other findings. Statistical changes were observed in hematological. biochemical, partial thromboplastin time (PIT) and organ weight parameters of treated groups. However, these alteration had no relationship with dosage. No histopathological lesions were observed in both control and treated animals. Above data suggest that no observed adverse effect level of test materials in Beagle dogs might be over 10 mg/kg/day in this study.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.91-97
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• 2017

Purpose: Purpose: The prognostic factors of non-operative management (NOM) in high-grade spleen injuries have been extensively studied, but factors that would help treatment decisions are lacking. We compared the characteristics of the patients to identify the factors affecting treatment choices. Methods: This is a review of 207 blunt spleen injury patients from January 2004 to December 2013. We compared clinical features and mortality between surgery and NOM, and used multivariate regression analysis to find the factor most strongly associated with prognosis. Results: Of the 207 patients, 107 had high-grade spleen injury patents (grade III or above). Of these, 42 patients underwent surgery and 65 patients underwent NOM. The mortality was 7% following surgery, 3% with NOM. The amount of packed red blood cells transfused in the first 24 hours and spleen injury grade were associated with management type, and mortality was highly associated with activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and spleen injury grade. Conclusions: The grade of spleen injury was associated with management and mortality, so correctly assessing the spleen injury grade is important.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.350-355
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• 2005

Selectins are carbohydrate-binding cell adhesion molecules that play a major role in the initiation of inflammatory responses. Heparin can bind to P-selectin, and its anti-inflammatory property is mainly due to inhibition of P-selectin. However, the strong anticoagulant activity of heparin limits its clinical use. We prepared periodate-oxidized, borohydride-reduced heparin (RO-heparin) by chemical modification and tested its anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory activities. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) assays showed that, compared with heparin, RO-heparin had greatly reduced anticoagulant activity. Intravenous administration of this compound led to reduction in the peritoneal infiltration of neutrophils in a mouse acute inflammation model. In vitro cell adhesion experiments demonstrated that the effect of RO-heparin on inflammatory responses was mainly due to inhibiting the interaction of P-selectin with its ligands. These results indicate that RO-heparin may be a safer treatment for inflammation than heparin, especially when selectin is targeted.