Acknowledgement
Supported by : National Natural Science Foundation of China, Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province
References
- Ahmed, T., Abraham, W. M., and Dbrot, J. (1992) Effects of inhaled heparin on immunologic and non-immunologic bronchoconstrictor responses in sheep. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 145, 566–570 https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm/145.3.566
- Albeda, S. M., Smith, C. W., and Ward, P. A. (1994) Adhesion molecules and inflammatory injury. FASEB. J. 8, 504–512
- Borsig, L., Wong, R., Feramisco, J., Nadeau, D. R., Varki, N. M., et al. (2001) Heparin and cancer revisited: mechanistic connections involving platelets, P-selectin, carcinoma mucins, and tumor metastasis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 3352– 3357
- Casu, B., Diamantini, G., Fedeli, G., Mantovani, M., Oreste, P., et al. (1986) Retention of antilipemic activity by periodateoxidized non-anticoagulant heparins. Arzneimittelforschung 36, 637–642
- Collins, P. W., Macey, M. G., Cahill, M. R., and Newland, A. C. (1993) von Willebrand factor release and P-selectin expression is stimulated by thrombin and trypsin but not IL-1 in cultured human endothelial cells. Thromb. Haemost. 70, 346–350
- Frenette, P. S., Mayadas, T. N., Rayburn, H., Hynes, R. O., and Wagner, D. D. (1996) Susceptibility to infection and altered hematopoiesis in mice deficient in both P- and E-selectins. Cell 84, 563–574 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81032-6
- Friedrichs, G. S., Kilgore, K. S., Manley, P. J., Gralinski, M. R., and Lucchesi, B. R. (1994) Effects of heparin and N-acetyl heparin on ischemia/reperfusion-induced alterations in myocardial function in the rabbit isolated heart. Circ. Res. 75, 701–710 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.75.4.701
- Jung, U. and Ley, K. (1999) Mice lacking two or all three selectins demonstrate overlapping and distinct functions for each selectin. J. Immunol. 162, 6755–6762
- Kansas, G. S. (1996) Selectins and their ligands: current concepts and controversies. Blood 88, 3259–3287
- Koenig, A., Norgard-Sumnicht, K., Linhardt, R., and Varki, A. (1998) Differential interactions of heparin and heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans with the selectins. Implications for the use of unfractionated and low molecular weight heparins as therapeutic agents. J. Clin. Invest. 101, 877–889 https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI1509
- Konstantopoulos, K., Kukreti, S., Smith, C. W., and McIntire, L. V. (1997) Endothelial P-selectin and VCAM-1 each can function as primary adhesive mechanisms for T cells under conditions of flow. J. Leukoc. Biol. 61, 179–187
- Lapierre, F., Holme, K., Lam, L., Tressler, R. J., Storm, N., et al. (1996) Chemical modifications of heparin that diminish its anticoagulant but preserve its heparanase-inhibitory, angiostatic, anti-tumor and anti-metastatic properties. Glycobiology 6, 355-366 https://doi.org/10.1093/glycob/6.3.355
- Lasky, L. A. (1995) Selectin-carbohydrate interactions and the initiation of the inflammatory response. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 64, 113–139 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.64.070195.000553
- Lefer, D. J. (2000) Pharmacology of selectin inhibitors in ischemia/reperfusion states. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 40, 283–294 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.40.1.283
- Lefer, A. M., Weyrich, A. S., and Buerke, M. (1994) Role of selectins, a new family of adhesion molecules, in ischaemiareperfusion injury. Cardiovasc. Res. 28, 289–294 https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.3.289
- Ley, K., Bullard, D. C., Arbones, M. L., Bosse, R., Vestweber, D., et al. (1995) Sequential contribution of L- and P-selectin to leukocyte rolling in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 181, 669–675 https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.181.2.669
- Lowe, J. B. and Ward, P. A. (1997) Therapeutic inhibition of carbohydrateprotein interactions in vivo. J. Clin. Invest. 99, 822–826 https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI119244
- McEver, R. P. and Cummings, R. D. (1997) Role of PSGL-1 binding to selectins in leukocyte recruitment. J. Clin. Invest. 100, 485–491 https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI119556
- Mclean, J. (1959) The discovery of heparin. Circulation 19, 75– 78 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.19.1.75
- Mulligan, M. S., Paulson, J. C., De Frees, S., Zheng, Z. L., Lowe, J. B., et al. (1993) Protective effects of oligosaccharides in P-selectin-dependent lung injury. Nature 364, 149– 151 https://doi.org/10.1038/364149a0
- Nelson, R. M., Cecconi, O., Roberts, W. G., Aruffo, A., Linhardt, R. J., et al. (1993) Heparin oligosaccharides bind L- and Pselectin and inhibit acute inflammation. Blood 82, 3253–3258
- Robinson, S. D., Frenette, P. S., Rayburn, H., Cummiskey, M., Ullman-Cullere, M., et al. (1999) Multiple, targeted deficiencies in selectins reveal a predominant role for P-selectin in leukocyte recruitment. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 11452– 11457
- Rosen, S. D. and Bertozzi, C. R. (1994) The selectins and their ligands. Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol. 6, 663–673 https://doi.org/10.1016/0955-0674(94)90092-2
- Skinner, M. P., Lucas, C. M., Burns, G. F., Chesterman, C. N., and Berndt, M. C. (1991) GMP-140 binding to neutrophils is inhibited by sulfated glycans. J. Biol. Chem. 266, 5371–5374
- Springer, T. A. (1994) Traffic signals for lymphocyte recirculation and leukocyte emigration: the multistep paradigm. Cell 76, 301–314 https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(94)90337-9
- Tedder, T. F., Steeber, D. A., and Pizcueta, P. (1995) L-selectindeficient mice have impaired leukocyte recruitment into inflammatory sites. J. Exp. Med. 181, 2259–2264 https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.181.6.2259
- Teixeira, M. M. and Hellewell, P. G. (1993) Suppression by intradermal administration of heparin eosinophil acculmation but not oedema formation in inflammatory reactions in guinea-pig skin. Br. J. Pharmacol. 110, 1496–500 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1993.tb13991.x
- Tyrrell, D. J., Horne, A. P., Holme, K. R., Preuss, J. M., and Page, C. P. (1999) Heparin in inflammation: potential therapeutic applications beyond anticoagulation. Adv. Pharmacol. 46, 151–208 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1054-3589(08)60471-8
- Varki, A. (1994) Selectin ligands. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 7390–7397
- Vestweber, D. and Blanks, J. E. (1999) Mechanisms that regulate the function of the selectins and their ligands. Physiol. Rev. 79, 181–213
- Wan, J. G., Mu, J. S., Zhu, H. S., and Geng, J. G. (2002) Ndesulfated non-anticoagulant heparin inhibits leukocyte adhesion and transmigration in vitro and attenuates acute peritonitis and ischemia and reperfusion injury in vivo. Inflamm. Res. 51, 435–443 https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00012403
- Wang, L., Brown, J. R., Varki, A., and Esko, J. D. (2002) Heparin's anti-inflammatory effects require glucosamine 6-Osulfation and are mediated by blockade of L- and P-selectins. J. Clin. Invest. 110, 127–136
- Wei, M., Tai, G., Gao, Y., Li, N., Huang, B., et al. (2004) Modified heparin inhibits P-selectin-mediated cell adhesion of human colon carcinoma cells to immobilized platelets under dynamic flow conditions. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 29202–29210 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M312951200
- Xie, X., Rivier, A. S., Zakrzewicz, A., Bernimoulin, M., Zeng, X., et al. (2000) Inhibition of selectin-mediated cell adhesion and prevention of acute inflammation by nonanticoagulant sulfated saccharides. Studies with carboxyl-reduced and sulfated heparin and with trestatin a sulfate. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 34818–34825 https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M001257200
- Yoshitomi, Y., Nakanishi, H., Kusano, Y., Munesue, S., Oguri, K., et al. (2004) Inhibition of experimental lung metastases of Lewis lung carcinoma cells by chemically modified heparin with reduced anticoagulant activity. Cancer Lett. 207, 165–174 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2003.11.037
- Zakrzewicz, A., Grafe, M., Terbeek, D., Bongrazio, M., Auch- Schwelk, W., et al. (1997) L-selectin-dependent leukocyte adhesion to microvascular but not to macrovascular endothelial cells of the human coronary system. Blood 89, 3228– 3235