• International Journal of Contents
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.47-54
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• 2014

Although the Korean Wave originated in China, its presence in this country had been faltering for some time. Recently, however, Korean Wave star centered K-drama via online video websites, Korean Wave TV programs with high ratings, and idol group centered K-pop with glocalization strategies are all popular in China once again. The purpose of this paper is to explore Chinese teens and twenty year olds as the main consumers of Korean popular culture and the how preferred genres, motives, and behaviors of Korean pop culture use and Korean image affect one another. According to the study results, media use via online video service was most common, and among the preferred genres, K-drama has the highest usage rates. In addition, it was discovered that motives and behaviors associated with the use of Korean pop culture had a considerable influence on a positive Korean image.

• Composites Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.226-231
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• 2024

Coal ash has been used as a sand replacement in the construction industry. Due to the use of bituminous coal as a result of anthracite depletion, and quicklime as an air purifier in the desulfurization process, pop-out defects have recently occurred in concrete using coal ash, severely limiting the recycling of coal ash into concrete. In this study, the components that cause the pop-out problem of the coal ash filled concrete were identified and a pretreatment method to fully expand the expansive components in advance was proposed as a solution to this problem. By treating water twice for 10 min, allowing the CaO mixed in the coal ash to fully expand, the problems of pop-out and reduced compressive strength of the concrete were overcome. The cost and time efficient water treatment method proposed in this study is expected to promote the recycling of coal ash into concrete.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.317-343
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• 1977

This study was carried out to obtain the informations about evaporation from pot, soil temperature and soil atmosphere composition in pot, and the effect on the growth of nine ornamental species using seven different containers. The investigated containers were clay pot(CP), clay pot painted in green(CP-P), varnished clay pot(CP-V), polyethylene film inserting in clay pot(CP-PI), clay pot mulched with black polyethylene film(CP-PM), porcelain pot(POP), and plastic pot(PLP). Nine ornamental species were balsam(Impatiens balsamina), chrysanthemum(Chrysanthemum morifolium), cosmos(Cosmos bipinatus), English ivy(Hedera helix), geranium(Pelargonium zonale), kochia(Kochia scoparia var. trichophila), marigold(Tagetes patula), ornamental kale(Brassica oleraceae var. acephala), and salvia (Salvia splendens). The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Dry weight of all tested species grown in PLP, POP, CP-P, CP-V and CP-PI was heavier than that of CP. 2. Plant height in nine tested species grown in PLP, POP, CP-P, CP-V, and CP-PI was taller than that of CP. 3. Geranium grown in PLP, POP, CP-P, and CP-V gave more number of leaf than that of CP. 4. The number of flower in balsam grown in PLP, POP, CP-P, CP-V and CP-PI was more than that of CP. The result from marigold was very similar to this tendency. Spike length and floret number in salvia gave the same tendency, but its spike number was not different among containers used. 5. The average diurnal evaporation from PLP and POP was about 43% of that of CP. About two third of total evaporation from CP was through pot wall. 6. The evaporation rate from the slowest to the highest was PLP, POP, CP-P, CP-V, CP-PI, CP-PM and CP. Containers inhibiting evaporation through pot wall hold more soil moisture than CP from one day after water supply. 7. The more evaporative water-loss from containers gave the lower soil temperature. The variation of soil temperature among containers was higher during the day than the night. 8. The $O_2$ concentration of soil atmosphere in CP was higher than that of nonporous containers, and the difference between them was 0.40-1.12%. The range of the $O_2$ concentration 17.95~19.62%. The $CO_2$ concentration of soil atmosphere in CP was lower than that of nonporous containers, and its range was 0.59-1.76%. This deviation in soil atmosphere composition did not influenced on the growth of plants. 9. There was a possitive correlation between the amount of soil water and the plant growth. 10. Plant grown on CP gave more total nitrogen content in top growth than that on PLP. C/N ratio was somewhat low in plant on CP. From the above results, $O_2$ and $CO_2$ concentration in soil atmosphere did not gave enough deviation to the extent which affect the plant growth. The effect of soil moisture on the plant growth using different containers was the far-most significant factor from this investigation. Therefore, it was obious that the utilization of the nonporous container might save the cost for water supply and reduce the production cost of the pot-grown ornamental plant in Korea eventually.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.28-37
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• 2019

It is apparently clear that K-pop has been expanding its influence overseas, with its high growth rate. As a result, attempts have been made to analyze the characteristics of K-Pop in various academic fields. This research quantitatively used the participatory use process of K-Pop contents in voluntary participation and dissemination of the audience in the Trans-Media environment. The author examined the use of participatory K-Pop contents from the view point of reparability through big data content analysis. It has been revealed that K-Pop is spreading globally through social media, fans of various countries like to play K-Pop, and they make up their own content and form a participatory culture. In addition, we looked at when the moments of momentum in which participatory use is soaring were popular content and who was the publisher.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.271-280
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• 2023

PURPOSE. This in vitro study aimed to compare the accuracy of the conventional facebow system and the newly developed POP (PNUD (Pusan National University Dental School) Occlusal Plane) bow system for occlusal plane transfer in asymmetric ear position. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Two dentists participated in this study, one was categorized as Experimenter 1 and the other as Experimenter 2 based on their clinical experience with the facebow (1F, 2F) and POP bow (1P, 2P) systems. The vertical height difference between the two ears of the phantom model was set to 3 mm. Experimenter 1 and Experimenter 2 performed the facebow and POP bow systems on the phantom model 10 times each, and the transfer accuracy was analyzed. The accuracy was evaluated by measuring the angle between the reference virtual plane (RVP) of the phantom model and the experimental virtual plane (EVP) of the upper mounting plate through digital superimposition. All data were statistically analyzed using a paired t-test (P < .05). RESULTS. Regardless of clinical experience, the POP bow system (0.53° ± 0.30 (1P) and 0.19° ± 0.18 (2P) for Experimenter 1 and 2, respectively) was significantly more accurate than the facebow system (1.88° ± 0.50 (1F) and 1.34° ± 0.25 (2F), respectively) in the frontal view (P < .05). In the sagittal view, no significant differences were found between the POP bow system (0.92° ± 0.50 (1P) and 0.73° ± 0.42 (2P) for Experimenter 1 and 2, respectively) and the facebow system (0.82° ± 0.49 (1F) and 0.60° ± 0.39 (2F), respectively), regardless of clinical experience (P > .05). CONCLUSION. In cases of asymmetric ear position, the POP bow system may transfer occlusal plane information more accurately than the facebow system in the frontal view, regardless of clinical experience.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.823-831
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• 1995

The composition of rumen volatile fatty acids(VFA) and the blood chemistry were investigated in 5 clinically health dairy cows(Group I) reared on dairy farms and in 5 cows with post-parturition(POP) primary ketosis(Group II). The determinations were performed on days 5 to 7 pre-parturition(PRP), immediately POP, and on days 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 POP. In both groups, the total VFA levels gradually increased starting from day 5 POP, but the levels were lower in Group II than in Group I. With regard to POP. changes in the composition of VFA, Group II occasionally showed lower levels of acetic acid and caproic acid than did Group I. Blood glucose levels decreased POP in both groups. In contrast, blood levels of ketone bodies and 3-hydroxybutyric acid were increased POP, but there was no statistically by significant difference between the groups. The aspartate aminotransferase level was transiently increased immediately POP in both groups, and the increase was more marked in Group II than in Group I. Both groups showed a tendency for total cholesterol, free cholesterol, ester cholesterol, phospholipid, and total bile acid to be increased POP, but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Clinically healthy dairy cows also showed POP changes in the composition of VFA and blood similar to those in dairy cows with ketosis, suggesting that even apparently healthy cows are at risk of subclinical ketosis POP.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.69-78
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• 2020

K/DA is a K-pop virtual idol based on the game character. This study analyzed the creation process, characteristics and existential meaning of virtual idols from the perspective of Pataphysics. K/DA is a character with both characteristics of game character and K-pop girl group. Also, virtual character and real idol share the body through motion capture and augmented reality(AR). As a result, K/DA crosses virtual and reality, and at the same time becomes a pataphysical subject that does not belong to either virtual or reality. K/DA is suggested a third zone where digital subjects will be located in the future.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.409-424
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• 2008

This study intends to analyze T-shirt designs, particularly in connection with pop art. 444 pieces of T-shirts which conveyed the pop art spirits of well-known designers were selected for five years from 2001 to 2005, through fashion magazines(Collection: Dong-ah TV, Collezioni: Italy). The findings are as follows. As for formative characteristics of pop art in T-shirts, previous studies were analyzed to set classifications criteria such as popularization of images, eroticism, lettering and graffiti, assemblage. The design factor of the image popularization includes everyday images, cartoon, celebrities, and caricature. Everyday images ranked first followed by cartoon, caricature and celebrities. The design factor of eroticism ranges from the see-through look, partial exposure of human body, symbolization of underwear, and to printing of sexy images. The see-through look was ranked first, followed by partial exposure of human body, symbolization of underwear, and printing of sexy images. The design factor of lettering and graffiti encompasses letters, numbers, symbols and logos. Adoption of letters, numbers or symbols was ranked first, followed by brand logos and graffiti. The design factor of Assemblage is closely related to a three-dimensional effect. Varied expressions are possible: combination of two different textiles and fusion of textile and non-textile. Combination of two different textiles are higher than fusion of textile and non-textile.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.54-61
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• 2009

General manufacturing process of the manufacturing time and manufacturing process problems have a problem. In the past, in the manufacturing process the data by hand has been. Therefore, the production performance management information, and materials input, output information, equipment information of the failure of the management problems emerged. Through this research, improvements in real-time production information to collect distribution and overall productivity will increase the efficiency of the system. the production process to improve the quality of management, efficient production methods are presented. is a stable quality control. POP system The new building should be. This is the executive or administrative decisions support. It increases productivity, efficiency, and reduce production costs, increase product reliability. This will increase the company's reputation. This increases the competitiveness of enterprises. POP system toward the future with the new destroyer to prepare for our company. Collectively POP system build this research improves the reliability of the product. Improves the quality of customer service. The expansion of product sales is. increase the competitiveness of enterprises. companies should prepare for the future of the business.

• CELLMED
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.21.1-21.2
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• 2018

The aim of this article is to argue that repeated singing helps to feel 'misery loves company.' Folksong is popular music in the past. Korean folk songs have almost repetitive chorus. The repetitive refrain is made easy for everyone to follow. So, people become comrades who share the chorus together. Repetitive music makes people more intimate and more intimate. So, people feel that they share thoughts and feelings with music. It gives me energy to never give in to destiny. So, they encourage each other to be worth living. They sing together and sympathize and comfort each other's pain. 'Hook song' is the most popular form in these days in Korean music. The form of K-pop (Korean pop), which is gaining popularity worldwide, has many repetitions and concentration of melody. BTS (Bang Tan Sonyundan, Boyband) also tells teens around the world through repetitive melodies that "Let's share our joy and sorrow." This is the highest value of music therapy. BTS is a Korean boy band that has gained a worldwide reputation. Recently, their songs are affecting teenagers all over the world. In this way, the author thinks that the repetition of folk songs was reborn as a 'Hook song' and the repetitive form of music is a good way to give support to anyone. The author thinks this is best accomplished by singing 'misery loves company.'