• Vending industry
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• v.10 no.2 s.31
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• pp.52-55
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• 2011

흔희 일본을 자판기 천국이라 말하지만 더 정확이 말하면 청량음료자판기 천국이다. 캔이나 PET 병 등 다양한 용기의 청량음료를 판매하는 자판기가 무려 260만대 설치되어 있다. 이토록 많은 청량음료 자판기가 설치되어 있다 보니 사회적인 책임도 크다. 자판기의 편리성, 환경, 치안, 도난 방지 등에 있어 사회를 위해 반드시 수행해야 기능들이 있다. 이 기능들을 개별업체에 맡겨 놓기에는 무리가 있다. 기업은 아래도 영리를 중시하는 경향이 있다 보니 사회적 책임에 관계된 일은 단체에서 진행을 해야 구속력과 추진력이 생긴다. 그래서 일본에는 청량음료자판기협의회가 있다. 일본자판기 관련 4개 단체(일본자동판매기공업회, 전국청량음료공업회, 일본자동판매협회, 일본자동판매기보안장비 협회)가 사회적 책임을 위해 공동 목표를 세우고 보조를 맞추어 나간다. 최근 이 단체의 활동은 자판기의 편리성 향상, 환경대응, 안심 안전한 거리 환경 조성에 맞추어져 있다. 그들이 지향하는 사회적 책임 활동 지켜보는 것은 의미가 크다. 우리 자판기 산업의 먼 장래도일본의 전례를 따라가지 않을 수 없는 상황이 될테니까. 자판기의 비중과 역할이 증대될수록 어느 시점에서는 반드시 사회적 책임이 동반되게 마련이다. 이런 측면에서 청료음료자판기협의회 활동을 소개한다. 국내 관련 업체들도 이제 자판기의 사회적 책임 강황에 관심을 가져야 할 시점이다.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 2009

Whole and stem-off cherry tomatoes were packaged using perforated films(LF05, LF10, LF20, and LF40). Gas composition(ethylene, $O_2$, and $CO_2$), firmness(compression and penetration force), color, brix degree, acidity, and total microbial counts were assessed during storage at $10^{\circ}C$ and 85% relative humidity. Gas composition varied with film gas permeability, indicating that modified atmospheric(MA) conditions were achieved. Firmness fell during storage; samples packed using LF05 showed the lowest firmness, corresponding to low gas transmission conditions. L(lightness) and a(redness) values respectively decreased and rose slightly with increasing storage time, but the b(yellowness) values fell notably. Film permeability significantly affected acidity and soluble solid levels. When LF40 packaging was used, acidity and brix scale changes were similar to those seen after PET container packaging. Total microbial counts increased with time after packaging in most films, and pretreatment differences were not significant. Microflora varied between stem on/off tomatoes. Skin wrinkling and juice appearance were common in tomatoes stored in PET containers and LF films of low gas permeabilities(LF05, LF10, and LF20). White molds were partially found on stem-on tomatoes stored using packaging systems. When film packagings were compared, LF40 was optimal, permitting minimal pretreatment yet offering maximal sanitation.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.817-823
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• 2009

We investigated the effects of storage temperature and packaging treatment on the freshness of high-quality 'Fuji' apples to improve consumer confidence in the maintenance of high fruit quality during distribution. A 0.35 mm-deep PET tray form-sealed with a 0.05 mm LDPE film lid was developed and tested with the aim of optimizing gas composition within the package headspace to utilize potential modified atmosphere (MA) storage to maintain the freshness of apples. Weight loss, color difference, firmness, respiration rate, gas concentrations in packages, acidity, solid soluble content, and fruit decay rate were measured during storage at $5^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$. The results showed that respiration rate, weight loss, color difference, and firmness were lower and overall quality better during storage at $5^{\circ}C$ compared with $25^{\circ}C$. Also, the fruits packed in the functional tray form showed a low level of quality changes compared with the control (no packaging). The accumulated gasconcentrations in the headspace of the packages decreased from 21% to 12% $O_2$ and increased from 0% to 5% $CO_2$ (v/v) on day 7, and after remained at those levels thereafter. Soluble solid contents and total acidities of the packaged fruits were in the range of $11\;-\;14^{\circ}Brix$ and 0.2 0.3% during storage. Decay rates in the control and packaged fruits were more than 20% and less than 10% at 3 weeks, respectively. Based on the standard acceptable level (less than 10%) of total weight loss, it could be estimated that the shelf life of top-quality fruits packed in functional trays was 3 weeks at $5^{\circ}C$ and 16 weeks at $25^{\circ}C$, whereas the shelf life of the control fruit was 1 week and 12 weeks, respectively. For the top-quality fruit "Fuji" apples, the best results were obtained with a functional tray form for packaging treatment and a storage temperature of $5^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1307-1319
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• 2018

As interests in the air pollution increases, many kinds of researches are underway on the reduction of air pollutants. The removal of nitrogen oxides from the emission gas of diesel vehicles using urea solution has shown a great effect. The quality of urea solution is strictly defined by domestic law, but the increase of impurities in urea solution reduces the effect of reducing nitrogen oxides. Therefore, in this study, the change of physical properties of urea solution was analyzed after heating the urea solution for a certain temperature and time. Also, the changes of physical properties of urea solution were analyzed according to kinds of storage container and temperature for storing the urea solution. After heating the urea solution for a certain period of time, the biuret content in urea solution increased and the content of urea decreased. As the urea content decreased, both density and refractive index decreased. In the storage stability test carried out at a constant temperature with iron and PET containers, no change in physical properties was observed.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.5-12
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• 2018

Plastic containers which provides the opportunity to reduce transportation costs are lighter and less brittle than glass containers. As a results, efforts to replace glass with plastic are ongoing. The blow molding method is a typical approach in producing plastic containers. Single-stage injection blow molding (ISBM) is one of the blow molding methods. However, the difficulty in controlling the temperature during the injection molding process is considered its main disadvantage. In this study, ISBM process analysis of relatively thick walled containers such as cosmetic containers is carried out. The initial temperature distribution of the preform is deemed to be the most influential factor in the accuracy of blow molding for the thick vessel. In order to accurately predict this, all heat transfer processes of the preform are considered. The validity of this analytical procedure is verified by comparing the cross-sectional thickness with the actual product. Finally, the validated analytical method is used to evaluate the factors affecting the thickness of the final molded part. The ISBM analysis technique for thick walled vessels developed through this study can be used as an effective predictor for preform design and blow process.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.630-634
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• 2008

The effect of packaging methods on the quality characteristics of leaf lettuces was studied during storage at low temperature. Using five commercial packaging types: non-perforated PP (polypropylene) film bags, PP film roll, perforated PP film bags, PET (polyethyleneterephthalate) trays, and micro-perforated LDPE film bags, changes in color, respiration rate, and weight loss of leaf lettuces were investigated. Packaging in non-perforated PP film bags minimized color change and weight loss during storage. The leaf lettuces packaged in non-perforated PP film bags, among the five packaging choices, showed good external appearance and offered the greatest sale potential in the domestic market. However, there were no clear differences in the respiration rates of lettuces packed in various ways. The PET tray afforded very good protection of leaf lettuces from physical damage. The results indicate that the marketability of lettuces may be directly affected by the packaging modes employed, and that the optimal packaging may be non-perforated PP film bags; these keep lettuces fresh during low-temperature storage.

• Clean Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.88-95
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• 1997

Energy required, air emission, and solid waste generation are calculated with available foreign data ad domestic status using Life Cycle Analysis in order to compare the environmental impact of beverage containers such as PET bottle, aluminum can, glass bottle, and paper pack. Glass bottles are found to be the worst acceptability when considering only recycling rate of glass cullet, however it becomme the best when the refill(reuse) rate of glass bottles is accounted into. To assess tile current and future environmental impact of beverage containers, energy required, air emission, solid waste generation of current data and recycling goals are compared. As a result of the study, recycling of each containers and the reuse of glass bottles must be increased by governmental enforcement to reduce the environmental impacts by beverage containers. Further study on this subject using detailed LCA(life cycle assessment) data should be implemented for the exact environmental and economic assessment.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.186-193
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• 2013

Potential of consumer unit packaging was investigated for quality maintenance during export simulation in king oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus eryngii). Mushrooms were harvested in late May, precooled to $4^{\circ}C$ within 6 hours, and then packaged for shipping in two ways: 2 kg bulk packaging in a polyethylene (PE) bag or three types of unit packaging methods such as 400 g in polypropylene film bag (PPB), 200 g on styrofoam tray + PE shrinkage film wrapping (STW), and 200 g in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers (PETC). For local distribution of bulk-packaged commodity, mushrooms were sorted again and packaged into 3 consumer units in the same way as for the initial shipping packages. Simulation of refrigerated container shipping was performed in a walk-in type pilot storage at $0.5^{\circ}C$ for 5 weeks, while local marketing simulation was carried out on the shelf at $7^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. During the shipment simulation, creation of modified atmosphere (MA) was substantial in 2 kg bulk packages with low $O_2$ below 2% and high $CO_2$ over 15% whereas, in PPB and PETC unit packages, relatively higher $O_2$ concentrations were observed. On the shelf at $7^{\circ}C$, $CO_2$ concentrations rapidly increased in PPB and PETC packages despite the short marketing period. Overall marketability evaluated by off-flavor, browning, and texture rating was maintained at excellent level when 2 kg bulk packaging in PE or unit packaging in PPB and PETC were used for shipment. In contrast, establishment of MA was very slight in STW packages during shipment and local distribution resulting in poor quality after export simulation. The results suggested that shipment using adequate consumer unit packaging is more practical and economically beneficial than using bulk packaging in the export program consisting of 5-week shipment and 7-day local distribution.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2014

This study was carried out to establish the self-specification and shelf-life by standardization of manufacturing process for Tenebrio molitor larvae. First, standardization of manufacturing process for T. molitor was set up. Sterilization for larvae placed on a multistage shelf with intervals of about 10 cm was carried out at $115^{\circ}C$, $1kgf/cm^2$ for 10 min. After sterilization, T. molitor larvae were frozen at less than $-35^{\circ}C$ for more than 12 hrs. And then, they were dried under $-15^{\circ}C$, 0.5 torr vacuum for more than 30 hrs. Second, we decided self-specification for T. molitor larvae. Their moisture, acidity, peroxide, crude protein and crude fat level should be 5% or less, 3 mg/g or less, 30 meq/g or less, 45% or more, and 25% or more, respectively. Also, oleic acid, representative material, level was set up 11 ~ 16%. Third, we decided shelf-life by analysis of the physicochemical characteristic, sensory evaluation and microbial indicators. The final expiry date for lyophilized T. molitor larvae in PET bottle was calculated as 12 months from date of manufacture. We expect that optimal manufacturing process system, self-specification, and shelf-life proposed in this study can be used in industrial production of T. molitor as a novel food.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2012

The aims of this study are to assess external radiation exposed doses of body and hands of nuclear medicine workers who handle radiation sources, and to measure radiation exposed doses of the hands induced by a whole body bone scan with high frequency and handling a radioactive sources like $^{99m}Tc$-HDP and $^{18}F$-FDG in the PET/CT examination. Skillful workers, who directly dispense and inject from radiation sources, were asked to wear a TLD on the chest and ring finger. Then, radiation exposed dose and duration exposed from daily radiation sources for each section were measured by using a pocket dosimeter for the accumulated external doses and the absorbed dose to the hands. In the survey of four medical institutions in Incheon Metropolitan City, only one of four institutions has a radiation dosimeter for local area like hands. Most of institutions uses radiation shielding devices for the purpose of protecting the body trunk, not local area. Even some institutions were revealed not to use such a shielding device. The exposed doses on the hands of nuclear medicine workers who directly handles radioactive sources were approximately twice as much as those on the body. The radiation exposure level for each section of the whole body bone scan with high frequency and that of the PET/CT examination showed that radiation doses were revealed in decreasing order of synthesis of radioactive medicine and installation to a dispensing container, dispensing, administering and transferring. Furthermore, there were statistically significant differences of radiation exposure doses of the hands before and after wearing a syringe shielder in administration of a radioactive sources. In this study, although it did not reach the permissible effective dose for nuclear medicine, the occupational workers were exposed by relatively higher dose level than the non-occupational workers. Therefore, the workers, who closely exposed to radioactive sources should be in compliance with safety management regulations, and take actions to maximally reduce locally exposed dose to hands monitoring with ring TLD.