• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.886-892
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• 2017

Objective: Transgenic technology is widely used for industrial applications and basic research. Systems that allow for genetic modification play a crucial role in biotechnology for a number of purposes, including the functional analysis of specific genes and the production of exogenous proteins. In this study, we examined and verified the cumate-inducible transgene expression system in chicken DF1 and quail QM7 cells, as well as loxP element-mediated transgene recombination using Cre recombinase in DF1 cells. Methods: After stable transfer of the transgene with piggyBac transposon and transposase, transgene expression was induced by an appropriate concentration of cumate. Additionally, we showed that the transgene can be replaced with additional transgenes by co-transfection with the Cre recombinase expression vector. Results: In the cumate-GFP DF1 and QM7 cells, green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression was repressed in the off state in the absence of cumate, and the GFP transgene expression was successfully induced in the presence of cumate. In the cumate-MyoD DF1 cells, MyoD transgene expression was induced by cumate, and the genes controlled by MyoD were upregulated according to the number of days in culture. Additionally, for the translocation experiments, a stable enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-expressing DF1 cell line transfected with the loxP66-eGFP-loxP71 vector was established, and DsRed-positive and eGFP-negative cells were observed after 14 days of co-transfection with the DsRed transgene and Cre recombinase indicating that the eGFP transgene was excised, and the DsRed transgene was replaced by Cre recombination. Conclusion: Transgene induction or replacement cassette systems in avian cells can be applied in functional genomics studies of specific genes and adapted further for efficient generation of transgenic poultry to modulate target gene expression.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.154-159
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• 2017

Objective: This study was designed to characterize the DNA polymorphisms of the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene in indigenous Saudi Arabian sheep breeds exhibiting different color coats, along with individuals of the Sawaknee breed, an exotic sheep imported from Sudan. Methods: The complete coding region of MC1R gene including parts of 3' and 5' untranslated regions was amplified and sequenced from three the indigenous Saudi sheep; Najdi (generally black, n = 41), Naeimi (generally white with brown faces, n = 36) and Herri (generally white, n = 18), in addition to 13 Sawaknee sheep. Results: Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in the MC1R gene: two led to nonsynonymous mutations (c.218 T>A, p.73 Met>Lys and c.361 G>A, p.121 Asp>Asn) and three led to synonymous mutations (c.429 C>T, p.143 Tyr>Tyr; c.600 T>G, p.200 Leu>Leu, and c.735 C>T, p.245 Ile>Ile). Based on these five SNPs, eight haplotypes representing MC1R $E^d$ and $E^+$ alleles were identified among the studied sheep breeds. The most common haplotype (H3) of the dominant $E^d$ allele was associated with either black or brown coat color in Najdi and Sawaknee sheep, respectively. Two other haplotypes (H6 and H7) of $E^d$ allele, with only the nonsynonymous mutation A218T, were detected for the first time in Saudi indigenous sheep. Conclusion: In addition to investigating the MC1R allelic variation in Saudi indigenous sheep populations, the present study supports the assumption that the two independent nonsynonymous Met73Lys and Asp121Asn mutations in MC1R gene are associated with black or red coat colors in sheep breeds.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.62.1-62
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• 2003

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.766-773
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• 2012

This study investigates the effects of diets with mulberry leaf and Cudrania tricuspidata leaf supplements on blood glucose-related biomarkers in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Male diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups and fed several diets. Group A was fed a diet with a 10% supplement of mulberry leaves. Group B was fed a diet with a 10% supplement of mulberry leaves and an additional 10% supplement of Cudrania tricuspidata leaves. Group C was fed a diet with a 10% supplement of mulberry leaves and an additional 30% supplement of Cudrania tricuspidata leaves. Group D was fed a diet with a 10% supplement of Cudrania tricuspidata leaves. Group E was the DM control. All diets were based on AIN-93G diet and they all lasted 6 weeks. The blood glucose levels of groups B and C stayed similar to initial levels (reference blood glucose) for the experimental period, which was significantly lower than levels in groups A, D, and E at the 6th week (p<0.05). And the area under the blood glucose curve (AUC) was also significantly lower in groups B and C than in groups D and E (p<0.05). The fasting blood glucose level after the experiment was significantly lower in groups B and C (p<0.05), and the C-peptide content of group C was as high as 50 pmol/L on average. The HbA1c content was also significantly lower in groups A and B than in group E (p<0.05). The serum TG, AST, and ALT levels were significantly decreased in groups A, B, and D than in group E (p<0.05). From the findings, it is shown that a diet of 1:1 mulberry and Cudrania tricuspidata leaf supplements could improve blood glucose-related biomarkers.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.321-334
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• 1995

Basic studies for the effective extraction of ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(APDC) complexes of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) into a solvent have been performed. The maximum distribution ratio was appeared (log D=1.3543) at pH 2.0 and the partition coefficient was 2.489 in the extraction of $4{\times}10^{-5}M$ APDC itself into chloroform. From the UV/visible spectra of metal-chelates in aqueous and organic solutions, the pH to form stable 1:2 metal-ligand complexes were Co(II):5.0, Ni(II):8.0 and Cu(II):8.0, respectively and only 1 minute was enough to be partitioned into the chloroform. Besides, the partition and extraction equilibria of the complexes were investigated by back-extracting $10.0{\mu}g/ml$ metal-chelates from the solvent into an aqueous solution beacuse of their slight solubilities in the aqueous solution. The distribution coefficients and extractabilities were as follows : at pH 6.5~8.5 of the aqueous solution, log D=2.834 : E(%)=99.9% for $Co(PDC)_2$, at pH 11, log D=5.699 E%=100 for $Ni( PDC)_2$, and at pH 6.0, log D=2.025 : E(%)=99.1% for $Cu(PDC)_2$. And the extraction and formation constants were log $K_{ex}=9.671$ : log ${\beta}_2=6.938$ for $Co(PDC)_2$, log $K_{ex}=9.646$ : log ${\beta}_2=7.071$ for $Ni( PDC)_2$, and log $K_{ex}=9.074$ : log ${\beta}_2=7.049$ for $Cu(PDC)_2$, respectively. From these results, an optimum extraction procedure can be constructed for the separative concentration of trace metallic ions, and the quantitative determination of them in advanced materials and environmental samples will be expected without any influence of sample matrixes.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.719-726
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• 2002

Nutritional adequacy of growing Thoroughbred horses raised in an alternate feeding system - grazing during late spring through late fall and stable feeding for the rest of seasons - was assessed by determining vitamin E and trace mineral levels in the serum and blood chemistry related to nutrition and health. During the stable feeding in winter and early spring, 50 growing female horses were fed concentrates (1.4% of their body weight), grass hay (0.62%) and alfalfa hay (0.37%). For the grazing period, the same horses were fed supplementary concentrates (1.1%) during late spring through early summer, and concentrates (1.1%) and alfalfa hay (0.5%) during late summer through late fall. Blood samples were collected before grazing in early spring, and during grazing in early summer through late fall. Serum vitamin E, BUN, GTP, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin levels were increased (P<0.01) by grazing compared to those measured before the initiation of grazing. Horses had lower (P<0.01) serum Fe contents in early summer than in late fall or in time of stable feeding. Stable feeding increased (P<0.01) serum Cu content compared to grazing in both early summer and late fall. In late fall, serum Zn level increased (P<0.01) compared to that found in the other seasons. Blood glucose and creatinine levels decreased (P<0.01) after grazing. Results indicate that supplementations of some minerals and vitamin E are not always necessary in diets for growing horses and should be done after careful evaluation of diets with regard to concentrations and biological availability of minerals.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.306-311
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• 2007

The transient fields generated during switching operations in a Gas Insulated Substation (GIS) are associated with high frequency components in the order of few tens of MHz. These transient fields leak into the external environment of the gas-insulated equipment and can interfere with the nearby electronics. Measurements of the transient fields are thus required to characterise the interference caused by switching phenomena in such substations. In view of the above, E-field emission measurement during a switching operation has been carried out for a 245 kV GIS model, using a resonant dipole antenna and D-dot sensor. The characteristics of the E-fields i.e., frequency spectra and their levels have been analysed and are reported in the paper. Suitability of the measurements has been confirmed by comparing frequency spectra of the measured and computed transient fields.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.383-390
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical and sensory changes of 6 kinds of commercial Makgeolli (A, B, C, D, E, and F) during storage at $4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. The initial pH was 3.50~4.23, but it increased to 3.65~4.37 by the end of the storage period (p<0.05) There were no significant differences in titratable acidity between the beginning and end of the storage period. The reducing sugar content of A and B increased, whereas C, D, E, and F decreased with increasing storage time. A decrease in lightness (L values) was observed in all samples with increasing storage time (p<0.05). The alcohol content increased from beginning values of 5.90~6.10% to ending values of 6.30~7.35% at the end of storage, of which sample B exhibited the highest value. A sensory evaluation test revealed that the overall acceptability of samples A, B, D, and E were still within acceptable limits, but samples C and F showed undesirable changes during 30 days of storage at $4^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.35 no.5_6
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• pp.565-586
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• 2017

In this paper we continue to investigate the Super Vertex Mean behaviour of all graphs up to order 5 and all regular graphs up to order 7. Let G(V,E) be a graph with p vertices and q edges. Let f be an injection from E to the set {1,2,3,${\cdots}$,p+q} that induces for each vertex v the label defined by the rule $f^v(v)=Round\;\left({\frac{{\Sigma}_{e{\in}E_v}\;f(e)}{d(v)}}\right)$, where $E_v$ denotes the set of edges in G that are incident at the vertex v, such that the set of all edge labels and the induced vertex labels is {1,2,3,${\cdots}$,p+q}. Such an injective function f is called a super vertex mean labeling of a graph G and G is called a Super Vertex Mean Graph.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.187-193
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• 2013

The effects of toluene in dimethylformamide (DMF)-induced hepatotoxicity were investigated with respect to the induction of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) and the activities of related enzymes. The rats were treated intraperitoneally with the organic solvents in olive oil (Single treatment groups: 450 [D1], 900 [D2], 1,800 [D3] mg DMF, and 346 mg toluene [T] per kg of body weight; Combined treatment groups: D1+T, D2+T, and D3+T) once a day for three days, while the control group received just the olive oil. Each group consisted of 4 rats. The activities of the xenobiotic metabolic enzymes and the hepatic morphology were assessed. The immunoblots indicated that the expression of CYP2E1 was considerably enhanced depending on the dosage of DMF and the CYP2E1 blot densities were significantly increased after treatment with both DMF and toluene, compared to treatment with DMF alone. The activities of glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase were either decreased or remained unaltered after treatment with DMF and toluene, whereas the lipid peroxide levels were increased with increasing dosage of DMF and toluene. The liver tissue in the D3 group (1,800 mg/kg of DMF) showed signs of microvacuolation in the central vein region and a large necrotic zone around the central vein, in rats treated with both DMF (1,800 mg/kg) and toluene (D3T). These results suggest that the expression of CYP2E1 is induced by DMF and enhanced by toluene. These changes may have facilitated the accelerated formation of N-methylformamide (NMF) from toluene, and the generated NMF may directly induce liver damage.