• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.73-89
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• 2022

After COVID-19, the percentage of digital consumption has soared. Meanwhile, as the online platform market grows in size and digital commerce is activated, controversy over the "dark pattern" that induces consumers to do unintended things online continues. Dark patterns are deceptive design patterns that cause consumer rights and financial damage and can result in damaging fair market competition. As a result, the need to regulate dark patterns is raised not only by overseas regulators but also in Korea, and there are growing calls for strengthening consumer protection against dark patterns, with amendments to related laws being proposed by the National Assembly. On the other hand, there is no agreed definition of dark pattern from a normative point of view, and there is a concern that even legitimate advertising marketing activities of companies may be regulated, so a review of dark pattern regulatory measures is required. In this study, dark patterns were reviewed from a normative point of view and appropriate regulatory measures were analyzed. In particular, the problem of the dark pattern can be applied in a way that the market regulates and controls itself in consideration of the characteristics of the online platform. This study reviewed the possibility of self-regulation for dart patterns and proposed the role of each subject.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.534-541
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• 2011

Risk evaluation approaches for bidding on international construction projects are typically partitioned into three stages: country selection, project classification, and bid-cost evaluation. However, previous studies are frequently under attack in that they have several crucial limitations: 1) a dearth of studies about country selection risk tailored for the overseas construction market at a corporate level; 2) no consideration of uncertainties for input variable per se; 3) less probabilistic approaches in estimating a range of cost variance; and 4) less inclusion of covariance impacts. This study thus suggests a three-staged risk evaluation model to resolve these inherent problems. In the first stage, a country portfolio model that maximizes the expected construction market growth rate and profit rate while decreasing market uncertainty is formulated using multi-objective genetic analysis. Following this, probabilistic approaches for screening bad projects are suggested through applying various data mining methods such as discriminant logistic regression, neural network, C5.0, and support vector machine. For the last stage, the cost overrun prediction model is simulated for determining a reasonable bid cost, while considering non-parametric distribution, effects of systematic risks, and the firm's specific capability accrued in a given country. Through the three consecutive models, this study verifies that international construction risk can be allocated, reduced, and projected to some degree, thereby contributing to sustaining stable profits and revenues in both the short-term and the long-term perspective.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.21-47
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• 2017

This study examines the effects of technological capability and domestic marketing capability of SMEs on the export market orientation, focusing on the moderating effect of market turbulence. This empirical analysis, based on surveys collected from 206 small and medium-sized firms located in Gwangju and Jeonnam provinces, yielded the following conclusions. First, technological capability of SMEs has a positive impact on export market orientation. This result not only is consistent with preceding studies but also suggests that when technological capability of SMEs is utilized as their own unique asset to reduce liability of smallness or liability of foreignness, the tendency to export might be increased. Second, domestic marketing capability of SMEs has a positive impact on export market orientation. This result suggests that as the domestic marketing capability of SMEs is used as prior knowledge reducing uncertainty to enter the overseas markets, the tendency to export might be increased. Third, as a result of examining moderating effect of market turbulence, it shows that market turbulence moderates the relationship between domestic marketing capability and export market orientation toward a negative(-) direction. That is, since market turbulence might weaken the relationship between domestic marketing capability and export market orientation, SMEs which belong to the industry considering marketing capability important need to develop strategy with consideration for market turbulence. This study provides theoretical and practical implications in that it reveals factors positively affecting export market orientation and market turbulence can be utilized as a moderator.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to find out which factors determine the success of start-up in the initial market and what are the most important determinants. For the empirical analysis, the questionnaire related to the analysis of success factors for start-up success was designed according to the quantitative analysis (AHP technique). First, we selected 8 representative success factors for successful start-up in the initial market. In order to determine the degree of priority among these factors, we surveyed 12 entrepreneurs who are interested in entrepreneurship, universities, research institutes, and public officials. As a result of the empirical analysis, 51% of the funds in the tier 1 were ranked as the top priority to determine success factors. Followed by research and development (32.5%), management (8.7%) and marketing (7.8%). In particular, when each of the four items is calculated as 100 according to the result of the tier 1, and the tier 2 is converted, the foreign investment is analyzed as 43.7%. It was followed by 15.14% of R & D facilities, 14.07% of ideas, 8.7% of managerial ability, 7.29% of domestic investment, 5.85% of buyer feedback, 3.3% of development strategy and 1.95% of marketing strategy. Among the eight success factors, overseas investment items showed the closest preference to half, and it was the most important variable that determines the success or failure of market entry. The implication of this study is that many start-ups in Korea expect to receive investment and support from overseas accelerators. This means that overseas investment itself has been recognized as a start-up that makes services and products that can be used in the global market. A high preference for attracting foreign investment is due to the fact that the amount of investment is larger than that of Korea and that it can flexibly cope with the pressure on the performance compared to domestic investors. In this study, it was meaningful that we could confirm this fact through questionnaires of start-up experts. In future research, we need to find a viable alternative through studying how to provide start-up to foreign direct investment at the national level.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.183-198
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• 2014

This study aims to suggest useful information for tteokbokki franchise businesses to enter foreign markets by market testing and surveying preferences of foreign consumers with various kinds of tteokbokki. For this research, a survey was conducted from July 16 to August 20, 2012, targeting the people who live in Beijing, Tokyo, Singapore. The data was collected and analyzed using SPSS for Windows Version 18.0. The relationship between the general details of consumers and the results of the market test were analyzed using canonical correlation analysis. Research results and utilization plans are expected to use for improving the image of the country and ripple effects on exporting agricultural and fishery products, along with the effect of increasing spread of overseas personnel export and domestic Korean overseas supply of cultural content. Nurturing restaurant franchise business, creating jobs, and contributing to the increase in the income of the rural economy are also expected. Fermented tteokbokki franchise business should create new added value. The development of fermented tteokbokki will build a new culture of consumption, expand consumption, academic cooperation and joint technology development, and activate employment linked. Consequently, it is necessary to understand eating habits of local consumers from a variety of perspectives such as texture, taste, and colors of sauce when globalizing Korean food.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.347-354
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• 2013

In the recent global construction environment, EPC contracts that integrate planning, design, procurement, and construction have been widely used for industrial facilities. Similarly, as the importance of the engineering capability such as project management consulting(PMC) and front end engineering design(FEED) has been increased, design-build contracts also have been gradually adopted for infrastructure projects. Whereas, the Korean infrastructure industry has fragmentary features which mainly emphasize on the construction sector. Therefore, this study aims at developing strategies for enhancing the engineering capability and for balancing the competitiveness between engineering and construction sectors in the Korean infrastructure industry. To this end, the authors first carried out market analysis for both global and domestic market. Then, a structured survey and expert in-depth interviews were sequentially performed in order to reflect practitioners' perspectives and needs for institutional strategies. As a result, five strategies drawn from this study are as follows: 1) rearranging the government's roles for supporting the engineering sector; 2) establishing institutional bases being compatible with global standards; 3) fostering value-added workforce for undertaking complex tasks; 4) constructing an consortium between an engineering association and general contractors; and 5) building a nationwide collaborative networks for overseas market expansion.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.103-121
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• 2017

The domestic ESCO project was introduced in 1992 as one of the energy efficiency improvement programs. In recent energy market, the changes in the market conditions such as smart grid, renewable energy, and the importance of demand response became important issues. As the diversified business models are required, examples of overseas exercises are examined. Business areas in Europe or the US where the ESCO industry has been active include measures to improve the efficiency of energy facilities in all areas, ranging from energy supply facilities and energy services to end users. This type of ESCO overseas business model can be classified into various types such as project execution method, supplier demand management, financing method, climate change and emission rights, new and renewable energy, and other criteria. In this study, we propose to adopt IEC (Integrated Energy Contracting) contract method in domestic ESCO market for additional business models. Current convention of listing the specific individual business types being allowed by regulation turned out to be obstacles to the revitalization of the related market. In order to achieve the goal of energy conservation, it is recommended, instead, to revise the current funding guidelines to be a negative system.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.143-156
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• 2012

People easily believe that news and stock index are closely related. They think that securing news before anyone else can help them forecast the stock prices and enjoy great profit, or perhaps capture the investment opportunity. However, it is no easy feat to determine to what extent the two are related, come up with the investment decision based on news, or find out such investment information is valid. If the significance of news and its impact on the stock market are analyzed, it will be possible to extract the information that can assist the investment decisions. The reality however is that the world is inundated with a massive wave of news in real time. And news is not patterned text. This study suggests the stock-index invest model based on "News Big Data" opinion mining that systematically collects, categorizes and analyzes the news and creates investment information. To verify the validity of the model, the relationship between the result of news opinion mining and stock-index was empirically analyzed by using statistics. Steps in the mining that converts news into information for investment decision making, are as follows. First, it is indexing information of news after getting a supply of news from news provider that collects news on real-time basis. Not only contents of news but also various information such as media, time, and news type and so on are collected and classified, and then are reworked as variable from which investment decision making can be inferred. Next step is to derive word that can judge polarity by separating text of news contents into morpheme, and to tag positive/negative polarity of each word by comparing this with sentimental dictionary. Third, positive/negative polarity of news is judged by using indexed classification information and scoring rule, and then final investment decision making information is derived according to daily scoring criteria. For this study, KOSPI index and its fluctuation range has been collected for 63 days that stock market was open during 3 months from July 2011 to September in Korea Exchange, and news data was collected by parsing 766 articles of economic news media M company on web page among article carried on stock information>news>main news of portal site Naver.com. In change of the price index of stocks during 3 months, it rose on 33 days and fell on 30 days, and news contents included 197 news articles before opening of stock market, 385 news articles during the session, 184 news articles after closing of market. Results of mining of collected news contents and of comparison with stock price showed that positive/negative opinion of news contents had significant relation with stock price, and change of the price index of stocks could be better explained in case of applying news opinion by deriving in positive/negative ratio instead of judging between simplified positive and negative opinion. And in order to check whether news had an effect on fluctuation of stock price, or at least went ahead of fluctuation of stock price, in the results that change of stock price was compared only with news happening before opening of stock market, it was verified to be statistically significant as well. In addition, because news contained various type and information such as social, economic, and overseas news, and corporate earnings, the present condition of type of industry, market outlook, the present condition of market and so on, it was expected that influence on stock market or significance of the relation would be different according to the type of news, and therefore each type of news was compared with fluctuation of stock price, and the results showed that market condition, outlook, and overseas news was the most useful to explain fluctuation of news. On the contrary, news about individual company was not statistically significant, but opinion mining value showed tendency opposite to stock price, and the reason can be thought to be the appearance of promotional and planned news for preventing stock price from falling. Finally, multiple regression analysis and logistic regression analysis was carried out in order to derive function of investment decision making on the basis of relation between positive/negative opinion of news and stock price, and the results showed that regression equation using variable of market conditions, outlook, and overseas news before opening of stock market was statistically significant, and classification accuracy of logistic regression accuracy results was shown to be 70.0% in rise of stock price, 78.8% in fall of stock price, and 74.6% on average. This study first analyzed relation between news and stock price through analyzing and quantifying sensitivity of atypical news contents by using opinion mining among big data analysis techniques, and furthermore, proposed and verified smart investment decision making model that could systematically carry out opinion mining and derive and support investment information. This shows that news can be used as variable to predict the price index of stocks for investment, and it is expected the model can be used as real investment support system if it is implemented as system and verified in the future.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.1-20
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• 2010

Many firms are trying to acquire innovative technologies and relative knowledge by offshoring R&D work. Although research to date has focused on the multinational corporations' motivations of R&D offshoring, such as cost reduction and market expansion, little is known about external or environmental factors influencing the performance of global R&D activities. We investigated the relationship between the offshore R&D performance and the technical capabilities of the parent company, the host country and the home country as enhancers from outside R&D facilities. The analysis uses European patent data and EU R&D scoreboard of 134 overseas R&D labs from 46 multinational corporations in 2005. Also, we calculated total patent number of each country for this. Results from path analysis supported our main hypothesis that the technological capabilities of the parent company and the host country positively affect the overseas R&D performances. By multi-group analysis, we also found that the relationships among the variables are different for each industry.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.81-95
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the dissatisfaction level of consumers buying foreign goods through Internet shopping malls and their complaint behavior. As there is growing demand for foreign brands along with a rapid increase in the Internet user population, a lot of ongoing studies have focused on Internet-based transaction. The dissatisfaction level of selected consumers was checked in terms of system, price, quality, information/hype, shipping and refund/exchange, and it's found that complaint behavior linked to refund/exchange was most prevalent. The most dominant way for them to respond to such situations was talking friends, relatives or neighbors about that. And they had an intention to buy foreign goods through Internet shopping malls again to greater or lesser extents, though they were unsatisfied. It indicates that the consumers didn't have a wide option in the consumer market.