• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.339-346
• /
• 1997

Good quality a-axis oriented thin films of $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$ may be grown by the use of a $PrBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$ (PBCO) layer as a template. Here we present a detailed study of the nucleation of the PBCO layer, explaining the orientations observed. It is determined that the wavy surface of a $LaSrGaO_4$ (LSGO) (100) substrate consists of the {101} planes by observing cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy images of the interface between the PBCO film and the substrate. The images and selected area diffraction patterns show that a mixed c-and b-axis oriented PBCO layer was initially grown on the substrate, followed by pure b-axis oriented PBCO growth. We explain that the c-axis oriented growth is the result of the growth of the PBCO (019) planes on the LSGO (101) planes. We conclude that the nucleation and growth of the PBCO films at the initial stages depends on the crystallographic plane of the substrate surfaces, however, as the film grows further, the kinetics of the deposition process favors b-axis oriented growth.

• Spatial Information Research
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2010

Many cities have provided growth management measure for preventing urban sprawl and disordered development by rapid urbanization. Many Korean cities also, have been pressed by development issues as well as the Seoul Metropolitan Area. This study aims to predict urban growth and develop Urban Growth Management Model with Geographic Information System and quantitative method. Especially, this study provides reasonable management method by presenting prediction scenario considered institutional-oriented and demand-oriented. This study also, provides a scientific basis using GIS and quantitative analysis, and present decision making of planning and implementation process through simulation.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.38-44
• /
• 2008

Contiuous c-oriented zeolite MFI films $(<35{\mu}m)$ were prepared by hydrothermal secondary growth of silicalite-1 seed crystal in the surface of alumina porous substrate and silicon substrate. The supported films were characterized with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Effect of substrate surface roughness were investigated and a mechanism for c-oriented film formation and characteristic dom-like defects formation which is observed after seeding growth was discussed. The roughness of substrate plays an important role.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.13-17
• /
• 1997

It is identified that the diamond films grown o bias-treated (100) silicon showed different surface morphologies and film textures according to the initial applied dc bias voltage at the same growth condition. The highly oriented diamond film (HODF) was successfully grown on -200 V bias-treated silicon substrate in which the heteroepitaxial relation of $(100)_{dimond}//(100)_{si}\; and\; [110]_{diamond}//[110]_{si}$ was identified. On the contrary, the heteroepitaxial relation was considerably disturbed in the samples bias-voltage was a key factor in growing the highly oriented diamond film on (100) silicon substrate. Considering the experimental results, we proposed a new model about heteroepitaxial diamond growth on silicon, in which 9 diamond unit cell are matched with 4 silicon cells and the bond covalency of both atoms is satisfied via the intermediate layer at the interface as well.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.35 no.8
• /
• pp.819-826
• /
• 1998

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.441-445
• /
• 2013

ZnO nanowires on the a-, c- and m-plane oriented 4H-SiC substrates were grown by using a high temperature tube furnace. Ti/Au electrodes were deposited on ZnO nanowires and a-, c- and m-plane 4H-SiC substrates, respectively. The shape and density of the ZnO nanowires were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscope. It was found that the growth direction of nanowires depends strongly on growth parameters such as growth temperature and pressure. In this work, The sensitivity of nanowires formed a-, c- and m-plane oriented 4H-SiC gas sensor was measured at $300^{\circ}C$ with CO gas concentration of 80%. The nanowires grown on a-plane oriented 4H-SiC show improved sensing performance than those on c- and m-plane oriented 4H-SiC due to the increased density of nanowire on a-plane 4H-SiC.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.155-158
• /
• 1997

Highly oriented diamond films were deposited on a (100) silicon substrate by bias enhanced nucleation technique. Both plan-view and cross-section TEM were applied to study the nucleation and growth mechanism of diamond grains. Randomly oriented polycrystalline diamond grains with internal microtwins were observed at the nucleation stage while defect free regions were retained at the growth stage and were apparently related with the epitaxy of diamond films. From our experimental results, the nucleation and texture formation mechanism of diamond films is discussed.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.13-22
• /
• 2011

Since environmental problems were globalized, discussions on 'Sustainable Development' started from Rio Declaration on Environment and Development(Rio Agenda 21). In Korea, the idea of 'Green Growth' was introduced and generalized since the celebration speech made on 8.15(Independence Day of South Korea) on 2008. And Low Carbon- Green Growth Basic Law was established on 2010. There are 3 strategies and 10 sub-tasks to achieve green country-traffic and green revolution of life. Family resource management is capable of changing life style from energy wasty to ecologically green. The value of family resource management plays a critical role in changing the lifestyle through influencing the goal and standard setting. So, this study is aimed to suggest the green value and green way of life from the perspective of family resource management. Results are as follow. First, the green value is to change from 'material-oriented' to 'people-oriented'. The 'material-oriented value pursues pleasure from possessing, but the 'people-oriented' value pursues pleasure from being itself. Second, the change from the value of 'human-mastery of the nature' to the value of 'mother -nature' is necessary. The value of 'human-mastery of the nature' seeks pleasure from the velocity and tangible outcome. But the value of 'mother- nature' seeks pleasure from the time to relax and slow way of life. 'Third, the change from the value of 'individualism' to the value of 'community sprit' is necessary. Individualism focuses on man's achievement, which may fall into family egoism. And the green way of life suggests the change from 'results-oriented' to 'enjoy the process itself", from 'consumption' to 'ecological restoration' and from 'work to home and then home to community'.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.35 no.10
• /
• pp.1107-1112
• /
• 1998

We could obtan c-axis oriented $SrBi_2$$Ta_2$$O_9$ thin films on usual Pt(111)/Ti/$SiO_2$/Si(100) substrate using a r. f. magnetron sputtering technique. According to the increase of sputtering pressure from 250 to 300 mTorr the Bi content and degree of the c-a xis preferred orientation of $SrBi_2$$Ta_2$$O_9$ thin films were increased. By controlling Bi(or $Bi_2O_3$) loss from $SrBi_2$$Ta_2$$O_9$ thin films during post annealing and by inserting $Bi_2O_3$ layer in $SrBi_2$$Ta_2$$O_9$ thin films the effect of Bi content on the c-axis oriented growth of $SrBi_2$$Ta_2$$O_9$ thin films could be investigated without the effect of sputtering pressure. The degree of the c-axis preferred orientation of $SrBi_2$$Ta_2$$O_9$ thin films was increased with increasing with increasing Bi content by control of Bi(or $Bi_2O_3$) loss of $SrBi_2$$Ta_2$$O_9$ thin films. But the c-axis oriented growth of $SrBi_2$$Ta_2$$O_9$ thin films disappeared by the inserting of $Bi_2O_3$ lay-er in $SrBi_2$$Ta_2$$O_9$ thin films.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.521-530
• /
• 2010

Global regulatory pressures relating climate change and environmental responsibility are asking companies to find out the best way for sustaining their continuous business growths. It could be known that inadequate management for environmental issues are bad for business, negatively affecting brand image, causing unnecessary losses and costs for environmental preservation. For this reason, environmentally conscious green business growth has been recognized as an essential requirement for a company to stay in business. Many companies are looking for green business opportunities of improving their environmental and financial results, and struggling with how green fits into their business. In this paper, the Green Six Sigma, an environmentally conscious Six Sigma methodology, is presented as a way to find solutions for green growths. The Six Sigma is known as a disciplined, data-driven approach and methodology for achieving world-class performance in any process from manufacturing to transactional. In chronological order, the Six Sigma has been evolved from Motorola's quality-oriented methodology to GE's cost-oriented lean approach, and is being evolved and developed as an environment-oriented green growth approach. There is no doubt that the Green Six Sigma, as an engine of green growth, is a power tool for achieving competitive business performance and reducing the impact on the environment.