• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.61-71
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• 2017

Purpose - This study empirically analyzed the effect of the customer orientation in Insurance Salespersons on the perceived referral risk and referral intention. In the empirical study, we try to provide suggestions for reducing the perceived referral risk of customer oriented selling activities and improving the referral intentions according to customers' tendencies. Research design, data, and methodology - Data collection was conducted through the convenience sampling method for customers who had insurance coverage for about two months from March to May 2015. A total of 700 copies were distributed and 670 copies (95.7% recovery) were collected. Finally, 661 copies were used for final analysis. With the IBM PASW 22.0 statistical program. The interaction effect for the hypothesis test was generated by multiplying the average centralized independent variable and the control variable, and the average centralization variable was used to minimize the multi-collinearity problem of the interaction effect between the independent variable and the control variables. Results - Hypothesis 1 was adopted because the effect of customer-oriented selling activities on perceived referral risk were significantly negative. The effect of customer orientation on perceived referral risk is affected by innovative tendency, risk-taking tendency, and interpersonal tendency Interaction effect was observed. Therefore, Hypothesis 2-2, Hypothesis 2-3, Hypothesis 2-4 were adopted. The effect of customer-oriented selling activities on referral intention was significantly positive, and Hypothesis 3 was adopted. The effect of customer orientation was influenced by the interaction effect of innovative tendency. Therefore, only Hypothesis 4-2 was adopted. Finally, the effect of perceived referral risk on referral intention was significantly negative and hypothesis 5 was adopted. Conclusions - This study suggests that it is important for the salespeople to grasp the customers' propensity in consideration of the perceived referral risk and referral intention according to the moderating effect of customer orientation. In this study, we showed that customer-oriented selling activities positively influence referral intention by inducing perceived referral risk in customers with stronger risk-taking tendencies. It is thought that it will be an important basic data in designing a customer's selling strategy or conducting selling activities.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.526-536
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• 2008

This study is to analyze and examine the relations of lifestyle, fashion behavior, and make-up behavior of post digital generation and to provide the basic data which help to establish and perform the distinctive marketing strategies targeting the post digital generation. Subjects were 1,460 male and female undergraduates who attend colleges or universities in Seoul, Busan, and Daegu. Average, standard deviation, MANOVA, and ANOVA were conducted using SPSS 12.0 statistic program. The results were as follows: The higher points the group got in all the subfactors regarding information seeking pursuit and sensation intention fascination pursuit, the higher points the group had in the subfactors of fashion behavior and make-up behavior. The group with higher fashionenjoyment pursuit appeared to seek after more brand price choice behavior, internet shopping purchasing behavior, fashion information source seeking behavior, and impulse buying behavior in the subfactors of fashion behavior as well as more self-satisfaction appearance orientation and fashion information buying orientation in the subfactors of make-up behavior. With the group in pursuit of more multi activities, not only were brand price choice behavior and fashion information source seeking behavior in the subfactors of fashion behavior sought after more, but self-satisfaction appearance orientation and fashion information buying orientation in the subfactors of make-up behavior were pursued more as well. The more interpersonal relations the group had, the more self-satisfaction appearance orientation and fashion information buying orientation in the subfactors of make-up behavior as well as the more brand price choice behavior, fashion information source seeking behavior, impulse buying behavior, other-regarding behavior and independent buying behavior in the subfactors of fashion behavior the group had.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.433-447
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• 2017

This study reveals the components of college women's shopping orientations and compares the attributes of shoes accordingly. This study attempts to investigate the needs of consumers in the target market of young women by comparing the importance of shoe attributes with their shopping orientations and to provide basic data for efficient marketing strategies which could increase sales. Data was collected using a questionnaire survey. Of a total of 330 questionnaires, 319 were used for statistical analysis. The survey was carried out from July to August 2016. The 17 shopping orientation-related questions and 13 questions about shoe purchase attributes were measured using a five-point Likert Scale. SPSS 23 was used to carry out: descriptives, factor analysis, reliability analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, and Duncan's test. Shopping orientations were divided between brand orientation, pleasure orientation, trend orientation and utilitarian orientation. Shoe attributes were categorized into ostentation value, product value, economic value and aesthetic value. College women were divided into the following groups: active shopping, passive shopping, rational shopping and conforming shopping. According to the comparison of the importance of shoe attributes by consumer type among college women, a significant difference by group was found in ostentation value and aesthetic value only. Furthermore, the average scores on the importance of product value and economic value were very high without significant differences between groups. The study results would be available as basic data to help improving the visual image of shoes and product quality for brands targeting young women in the fashion industry.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.9
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• pp.111-134
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• 2004

The purpose of this dissertation is firstly to examine the level of pro-environmental behavior of urban employed wives depending on their life style type and secondly to identify effective ways to promote their pro-environmental behavior. A structured questionnaire interview was conducted with 700 urban employed wives who lived in the Seoul Metropolitan area, and 566 of the responses were valid for analysis. For statistical analysis, this research reviewed the frequencies, percentage, mean, standard deviation(SD), Pearson's correlations, Cronbach's u, factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, $\chi$$^2$-test, Duncan's Multiple Range Test, and multiple regression using SPSS/PC WIN. The findings of analysis of the study are as follows: 1. Among life style types of employed wives, the order of ecological value was orientation type (37.3%), followed by economical value orientation type (25.8%), uninterested type (18.7%), and convenience-centric value orientation type (18.2%).Pro-environmental behavior scored relatively highly at 3.45 in average. 2. In the analysis of the relationship between life style and background variations, every variation except environmental knowledge was meaningful. 3. In the relationship between pro-environment behavior and background variations, every variation was meaningful except housing types, having helper or not, and environmental knowledge. 4. The recognition level of environmental pollution was important among the variations affecting pro-environmental behavior. 5. There was a difference in pro-environmental behaviors by the following life style types: ecological value orientation, economical value orientation, convenience centric orientation and uninterested. 6. For the relative contribution comparison of background variations (socio-economic variation and environmental variation) and life style variations to the pro-environmental behavior of urban empolyed wives, this research additionally applied each independent variable group. As a result, the explanation level drastically increased in the third step that analyzed the relationship with life style.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.270-277
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• 1997

Plastic anisotropy is one of important factors which determine the drawability of a steel sheet. It has been mainly measured by mechanical tensile test. From the ultrasonic velocities propagating along the relative directions to the rolling direction, CODF(crystallite orientation distribution function) can be measured and ODC's(orientation distribution coefficients) has some correlations with the plastic anisotropy. In this study the correlations between the plastic anisotropy and ODC's of the cold rolled steel sheet were measured. From the results of ultrasonic velocity measurements the average normal anisotropy, $\bar{\gamma}$ and the average planar anisotropy, ${\Delta}r$ could be predicted within the accuracy of ${\pm}0.082$ and ${\pm}0.096$, respectively. Acoustic resonance method was applied to measure the ultrasonic velocities and EMAT's were used for generating and detecting the ultrasonic waves.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.589-594
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• 1999

The effect of $\beta$-heat treatment on th microstructure, mechanical properties and texture in the nuclear fuel cladding of Zircaloy-4 tubes was chosen at 1000, 1100 and 120$0^{\circ}C$, and the tubes were heat-treated by a high frequency vacuum induction furnace. Morphology of the second phase particles and $\alpha$-grain of as-received tubes were markedly changed by heat treatment. The average sizes of second phase particles of as-received and $\beta$-heat treated tubes were 0.1$\mu\textrm{m}$ and 0.076$\mu\textrm{m}$, respectively. However, the average sizes of second phase particles were not much changed in the $\beta$-heated temperatures. With increasing heat treatment temperatures, the 0.2% yield strength and the hoop strength were decreased because of changes in preferred orientation as will as $\alpha$-plate width. Heat treated Zircaloy-4 tubes exhibited texture changes but the preferred orientation of grains still remained.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.3-12
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• 2001

This paper presents the proposed methods of DE (distinct element) modelling to estimate the stability of tunnels in jointed rock masses. First, the criterion to select the joint set(s) contributed to the discontinuous behaviour in a tunnel section is proposed. Selected joint set(s) is(are) considered to form the edges of distinct elements (rock blocks) and the others to modify the elastic properties of rock blocks. The complex DE model with the average and the deviation of joint orientation and joint length for each joint set was compared to the simple model with only the average of joint orientation and the assumption that joint length is infinite. As a result, the latter is suitable to the purpose of tunnel design because it can show the consistent behaviour of a jointed rock mass such as the locally discontinuous failure and the global anisotropic behaviour.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 1997

This paper is concerned with the development and evaluation of the camera calibration method for a real-time head tracking system. Tracking of head movements is important in the design of an eye-controlled human/computer interface and the area of virtual environment. We proposed a video-based head tracking system. A camera was mounted on the subject's head and it took the front view containing eight 3-dimensional reference points(passive retr0-reflecting markers) fixed at the known position(computer monitor). The reference points were captured by image processing board. These points were used to calculate the position (3-dimensional) and orientation of the camera. A suitable camera calibration method for providing accurate extrinsic camera parameters was proposed. The method has three steps. In the first step, the image center was calibrated using the method of varying focal length. In the second step, the focal length and the scale factor were calibrated from the Direct Linear Transformation (DLT) matrix obtained from the known position and orientation of the camera. In the third step, the position and orientation of the camera was calculated from the DLT matrix, using the calibrated intrinsic camera parameters. Experimental results showed that the average error of camera positions (3- dimensional) is about $0.53^{\circ}C$, the angular errors of camera orientations are less than $0.55^{\circ}C$and the data aquisition rate is about 10Hz. The results of this study can be applied to the tracking of head movements related to the eye-controlled human/computer interface and the virtual environment.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.23-29
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• 2012

Purpose : Purpose of this study was to investigate whether cervicothoracic posture was associated with scapula orientation and muscle activity during shoulder abduction. Methods : Cervicothoracic junction angle and thoracic kyphosis angle were measured in health twenty subjects. Then, scapular resting orientation and range of motion (upward/downward rotation, internal/external rotation) and muscle activity (upper trapezius, lower trapezius, serratus anterior) was determined using motion capture system and surface electromyography while subjects performed shoulder abduction. Results : Cervicothoracic junction angle was significantly associated with range of motion of scapular internal/external rotation during shoulder abduction. Thoracic kyphosis angle was significantly associated with scapular resting orientation of upward/downward rotation and average IEMG of lower trapezius. Conclusion : The result of this study shows that poor cervicothoracic posture is relationship with altered scapular kinematics cause of shoulder dysfunction. These findings suggested that cervicothoracic posture may be considered in occupation and exercise including arm elevation over head as well as used as predict factor to estimate shoulder dysfunction.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

The copper deposit on steel plate was prepared by pyrophosphate copper plating solution made with variation of inorganic additive. $NH_4OH$ and $NH_4NO_3$ were used as inorganic additives. The copper layer characteristics - tensile strength, crystallite size and crystal orientation - were evaluated by X-ray diffraction and Universal Test Machine. The presence of ammonium nitrate results in reduction of average roughness value from $0.08{\mu}m$ to $0.03{\mu}m$. In pyrophosphate copper plating solution without Inorganic additive, tensile strength of electrodeposit copper foil was reduced from 600 MPa to 180 MPa after 7 days aging. However, when adding ammonium nitrate, there was almost no change of tensile strength, intensity of crystal orientation - (111), (200) and (220) - and crystallite size (2~30 nm).