• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 1985

Water samples collected monthly between November 1982 and October 1983 from seven reserviors and a river in the periphery of Suwon, Korea were subjected to gas chromatographic analysis for PCBs and organochlorine insecticide residues. PCBs were positively detected in the most samples. The average residue levels of PCBs were found in the range of 0.009${\sim}$0.5 ppb while those of organochlorine insecticides were in the range of "not detected"${\sim}$0.008 ppb. The ratio of average residue levels of PCBs to those of total DDT was found to vary with sampling sites. The highest ratio of 500 was found in the water samples of Han River and the lowest in water of Won-chun Reservior. Both industrial and urban waste appear to be responsible for PCBs in the irrigation waters.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.207-215
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• 2011

An endosulfan degrading bacterial strain, K-1321, was isolated by endosulfan-enrichment culture from a seaside sediment collected at Dadaepo Beach, Busan, Korea. The strain was identified as a Serratia sp. based on the results of morphological, biochemical and 16S rDNA homology analyses. Serratia sp. K-1321 was able to completely degrade 50 ppm endosulfan in culture media and soil within 6 weeks at $25^{\circ}C$. GC/MS analysis revealed that endosulfan diol was an intermediate of the bacterial endosulfan degradation. Considering the above results, we concluded that Serratia sp. K-1321 utilized endosulfan as a carbon source and metabolized endosulfan via a less toxic pathway, such as the formation of endosulfan diol as an intermediate.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.82-93
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• 1982

The use pattern and survey data on the residue levels of organochlorine insecticides in Korea were summarized. On the basis of available data on food consumption and residue levels, the daily intake of the pesticide chemicals by average Korean adults were calculated to give $13.77\;{\mu}g$ of total BHC, $2.45\;{\mu}g$ of total DDT and $4.06\;{\mu}g$ of heptachlor and its epoxide. These intake levels were compared with the acceptable daily intake proposed by FAO/WHO and values obtained in other countries. It was then proposed to undertake a total diet study on pesticide chemicals for the sake of food safety assurrance and reasonable regulation of pesticides for food production in this country.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 1980

In order to investigate the level of pesticide residues in the vegetables for Kimchi materials (Chinese cabbage, radish, red pepper, garlic and cucumber), which were produced in Andong district, organochlorine and organophosphur pesticide residues were analyzed using gas chromatography. The results were as follows; 1) In chinese cabbage, radish and some other vegetables harvested in early summer (June), organochlorine and organophosphur pesticide residues were detected in almost all of the samples tested, and a few of them showed a level higher than the organochlor APR(allowable pesticide residues). 2) Heptachlor, the soil insecticide was the most abundantly detected pesticide among the four organochlorine pesticides tested (Dieldrin, Endrin, BHC, Heptachlor) in this study. 3) Somewhat higher concentrations of organochlorine pesticides were detected in all kinds of sample vegetables harvested in late summer than in those harvested in early summer. And the frequency of organochlorine pesticide contamination was also increased, but the frequency of organophosphur pesticide contamination was decreased. 4) In the vegetable harvested in late autumn, level of organochlorine pesticide residues and frequency of contamination were markedly decreased and organophosphur pesticide residues (Diaginon, Malathion, Thiometon, EPN) were rarely detected. 5) The results of this study indicates that to take a lot of vegitables grown in summer was somewhat uncomfortable than those grown in autumn.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.202-208
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• 2011

BACKGROUD: ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$- Endosulfan isomers of endosulfan, an endocrine disrupting chemical, are widely used cyclodiene organochlorine pesticide in worldwide, and it has widespread application in agriculture and can contaminate river-system as runoff from soil or aerial deposition METHOD AND RESULTS: In this study, an attempt was made to isolate an endosulfan degrading fungus from endosulfan-polluted agricultural soil. Through repetitive enrichment and successive subculture in media containing endosulfan and its metabolites as the sole carbon source, a fungus designated KEF-1 was isolated. Based on phylogenetic analysis, strain KEF-1 was assigned to the genus Eutypella. Also, the ITS (internal transcribed spacer) sequences of KEF-1 were submitted to GenBank under accession number EF581006. In potato dextrose broth containing 8 ${\mu}g$/mL endosulfan, strain KEF-1 completely degraded the endosulfanin 12 days. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that Eutypella sp. KEF-1 has potential as a biocatalyst for endosulfan bioremediation

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.141-149
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• 1980

In order to determine the residue levels of organochlorine insecticides in cow's milk, 66 commercial milk samples were collected from markets in major cities of Korea and analyzed for their fat contents and pesticide residue levels. The fat contents were in the range of $2.65{\sim}3.87%$, the average being 3.35%. The average residue levels of organochlorine insecticides on fat basis (whole milk basis in parentheses) were 0.196 ppm (0. 0066 ppm) of ${\alpha}-BHC$, 0.159ppm (0.0055 ppm) of ${\beta}-BHC$, 0.066 ppm (0.0022 ppm) of heptachlor epoxide and 0.042ppm (0.0015 ppm) of DDE. Heptachlor, DDT and drin insecticides were not detected. These residue levels corresponding to $1/10{\sim}1/50$ of tolerance levels adopted in Japan appear to exhibit no adverse effect as yet from the standpoint of food safety.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.194-201
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• 1981

In order to determine the residue levels of organochlorine insecticides in various meats consumed by Korean population, 80 samples of beef, pork and chicken were collected throughout the country and analyzed for their fat contents and pesticide residue levels. Organochlorine insecticides detected in the meat samples were ${\alpha}-BHC,\;{\beta}-BHC,\;heptachlorepoxide\;and\;DDE$. The average residue levels of the four pesticides on fat basis were 0.466 ppm in domestic beef, 0.145 ppm in imported beef, 0.264 ppm in pork and 0.106 ppm in chicken, in decreasing order of ${\alpha}-BHC>DDE>heptachlorepoxide>{\beta}-BHC$. Daily intake per person of the residues from meat by Korean population was estimated to be $1.0{\mu}g$ of total BHC, $0.1{\mu}g$ of heptachlorepoxide and $0.3{\mu}g$ of DDE. This level was far below the acceptable daily intake of organochlorine insecticides $(18\;{\mu}g/㎏\;body\;weight)$ as recommended by FAO/WHO.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.279-285
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• 2002

Pesticide residues in some fruits collected at Noeun wholesale market, Daejeon were surveyed and assessed its risk. In 120 samples, the detection rate of pesticide was 70.8% and the rate exceed MRL was 1.67%. Highly detection rate of commodities was apple, peach and grape. Organophosphorus, organochlorine and pyrethroid insecticide were found with similar rate relatively, but most of fungicides were procymidone(dicarboximides) and chlorothalonil(organochlorine). The order of detected pesticide were chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, fenvalerate, procymidone, deltamethrin and EPN. In order to assess risk estimated intake amount of each pesticide was compared to ADI. Although some peach were exceed MRL the total amount and uptake pesticides was less than 1.22% comparing to ADI.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.155-160
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• 1981

Residues of some organochlorine insecticides ${\alpha}-BHC$, ${\gamma}-BHC$, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide of field soils and vegetables in Jeju island were investigated from october, 1979 to november, 1980. Residues in soil ranged in n.d-0.967 (aver.; 0.391) ppm for ${\alpha}-BHC$, n.d-0.590 (aver.; 0.218) ppm for ${\gamma}-BHC$, n.d-0.819 (aver.; 0.163) ppm for heptachlor, and n.d.-0.256 (aver.; 0.034)ppm for heptachlor epoxide. Average residue levels in cabbage were 0.002ppm for ${\alpha}-BHC$, 0.001ppm for ${\gamma}-BHC$, 0.002 ppm for heptachlor, and 0.001ppm for heptachlor epoxide. The levels of the same chemicals were 0.012ppm, 0.004ppm, 0.003ppm and 0.011ppm on carrot, and 0.014 ppm, 0.007ppm, 0.002ppm and trace on garlic, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2007

Esterase activity was observed after pesticides treatment in eggs of H. axyridis to select low toxicity pesticide. Egg esterases of H. axyridis were examined using an esterase substrate(${\alpha}$-naphthyl acetate). Three esterase isozymes were detected and the activities were inhibited by organophosphorus insecticide (Chlorpyrifos and Phenthoate), organochlorine insecticide(Methidation), triazole fungicide(Hexaconazole and Triflumizole), and pyrimidine fungicide(Nuarlmol). Fecundity and hatchability in adults and eggs of H. axyridis were examined on selected pesticides. Fecundity and hatchability were significantly reduced from H. axyridis adults and eggs treated with the pesticides and the fungicides showed strong inhibition of esterase isozymes activities. However, we also observed the pesticides and the fungicides showed low or non-inhibition of esterase isozymes activities affected on fecundity and hatchability in adults and eggs.