• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.166-173
• /
• 1995

The author compared the anxiety and depression level between glaucoma patents and normal controls by means of STAI(State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and BDI(Beck Depression Inventory). The subject was the 38 glaucoma patients who visited ophthalmology clinic of Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital. The results were as follows : 1) There was no statistically significant difference in BDI and STAI according to age, education, religion, marital status. 2) There was no significant difference in STAI between the glaucoma patient group and the normal control group except that the female patients showed a tendency toward higher anxiety. 3) There was a significant difference in BDI between the female glaucoma patient group and the female control group(P<.01). But in the case of male there was no significant difference in BDI. 4) Eighteen point four percent of the glaucoma patients(10.5% of male patients, 26.4% of female patients) had suspected depressive disorder, and there was a tendency toward depression in 28.9% of glaucoma patients(10.5% of male patients, 47.4% of female patients). 5) There was no significant difference in BDI and STAI according to the use of beta-blocker or the other concommitant physical diseases. 6) The patients of glaucoma were generally concerned about the possibility of blindness, and felt annoyed with the fact that they should use eye drops or oral medication everyday.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.216-224
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the periodontal disease awareness and periodontal health status of industrial workers in an attempt to help facilitate their prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. In regard to a knowledge acquisition route on periodontal diseases, the largest number of the industrial workers investigated(36.3%) learned about the diseases from dental hospitals. As to scaling cycle, the younger workers deemed it necessary to get their teeth scaled every six months. In contrary, the older workers considered it advisable to do that about once a year. Age made a statistically significant difference to that (p<.05). 2. As for the state of the periodontal diseases of the workers, the greatest group (26.5%) found themselves to have something between their teeth often. The second most prevalent peridontal disease was gingival bleeding(24.5%), and the third largest group(24.5%) had teeth that were sensitive to cold. The fourth greatest group(15.9%) had the swollen gums from time to time, and the fifth largest group(4.5%) had shaken teeth. 3. Concerning the cause of periodontal diseases, the largest group (48.8%) cited an incorrect toothbrushing. As to the prevention of periodontal diseases, the greatest group(66.8%) viewed the right toothbrushing as the best way for that as well.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.531-538
• /
• 2009

This study examined the musculoskeletal symptom experience rate of some dental clinic workers and the factors influencing musculoskeletal symptoms according to their working environment and health habit. To that end, between March 9 and March 28, 2009, 200 workers at dental clinics in Chungcheong-do were surveyed using the self-administered questionnaire method. The data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 12.0 program. The following conclusion was reached. 1. One-year musculoskeletal symptom experience rates of the subjects were categorized according to pans of the body: shoulders - 60.5%, lower limbs (legs, knees, and feet) - 57.0%, the lumbar region (back and waist) - 56.0%, the neck - 51.0% and the upper limbs (arms, wrists, and fingers) - 32.0%. 2. In general characteristics, a statistically significant difference was found according to gender, age, education, position, and oral health state. In working environments, a statistically significant difference was found according to work experience, the average daily number of patients handled, the average daily working hours, the posture for diagnosis, and satisfaction over work. In health habit, a statistically significant difference was found according to regular exercise, regular examination, and regular eating habit. 3. Factors influencing musculoskeletal symptoms were examined. As a result, influencing the musculoskeletal symptom experience were satisfaction over work among working environment characteristics, and regular exercise among health habit characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.97-121
• /
• 2018

The numbers of Korean immigrants and students in the United States are steadily increasing, but there have been very few studies of their second language literacy development (Cole, Maddox, Lim, & Notari-Syverson, 2002; Scarcellar & Chin, 1993; Shin, 1994; Skilton-Sylvester, 2001; Yu, 1994). Nor do the very few studies explore the inseparable relationship between Korean literacy and English literacy within a cultural context. This study aims to compare their views on Korean writing with those on English writing to see trace the multiliteracy development of Korean learners of English in the United States. I conducted in-depth oral interviews with Korean immigrants and students of various ages. They were asked to state everything they could remember about what they have learned to write and read in their native language and in their second language across their lifetimes, focusing particularly on the institutions they attended, materials they used, people involved in their learning, and their motivations for writing. The results reveal that the participants developed a view of writing specific to the Korean context and after they moved to the United States, they struggled to readjust the values and meanings they had had for Korean literacy to the second language context. The results of this study suggest future multiliteracy studies are needed to explore multiliteracy development in terms of the meanings and values language learners associate with their multiliteracy and help educational institutions and communities to approach second language learners' multiliteracy development as a life-long experience.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
• /
• no.39
• /
• pp.143-168
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to study the succession and method of five-masters of southern school in transmitting the internal alchemy in Taoism which is established by Zhang Bo-duan. In history, the internal alchemy is divided into a few schools but all of them are under the umbrella of Zhang Bo-duan's alchemy. The five master's method has been consistent from Zhang Bo-duan to Seok Tae to Seol Do Gwang based on three reasons. First, they lived long while practicing the method. Second, they learned the method from their direct master secretly. Third, they kept practicing the individual method while staying in the secular world rather than in a religious body. I limit three of them Zhang Bo-Dan, Seok Tae, Seol Do Gwang as figures who practiced the pure internal alchemy. Thus I argue that the method stayed only for 200 years, arising from the late Dang Dynasty and disappearing in 1911, when Seol Do-Gwang was dead. This method can be instructed only to the appropriate figure, and the specific steps of method are taught through the oral instruction so that this method cannot be wide spread. Based on the fact that the time of practicing method is quite long and it needs intensive and constant efforts, it is difficult for a mundane person to practice and cope with the training. Jin Nam and Baek Ok Seom are believed that they belonged to the school of Shin So. Baek Ok Seom is regarded as a figure that made efforts to unite the school of Wei and the internal alchemy. However, he made lots of fabrication and discrepancy. Thus I state that Jin Nam and Baek Ok Seom need to be out in the succession and method of five masters of southern school in Taoism. Their changed method in quality needs to be organized in a new genealogy.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.61 no.2
• /
• pp.160-178
• /
• 2023

Diagnosis and analysis of occlusal relationships are important factors in prosthetic treatment. A thorough occlusion analysis and evaluation should be performed before treatment to restore a stable interocclusal relationship. Analysis and evaluation are essential during the treatment process and at regular follow-ups. Recently, with the development of dental equipment and digital processing methods, new quantitative analysis methods that can record the patient's occlusal relationship have been introduced. Among them, the T-Scan Novus (Tekscan Inc., S. Boston, MA, USA) displays the strength of the initial contact point and the occlusal contact point of the teeth using a pressure sensor. With this, occlusal contact time of the teeth, anteroposterior and left-right balance of occlusal force can be compared. The Dental prescale II (GC Co., Tokyo, Japan) scans the occlusal contact point using a pressure-sensing film and analyzes the density of the contact point. It can measure the distribution and strength of the occlusal force of the teeth in the most natural occlusion state. Based on this, appropriate prosthetic treatment (four-unit fixed partial denture, removable partial denture, complete denture, and complete oral restoration cases) was performed according to the area and extent of the patient's tooth loss. The patient's occlusion at the first visit, treatment stage, right after treatment, and regular follow-up were compared and evaluated using a quantitative method for appropriate occlusion analysis using T-Scan Novus and Dental prescale II. This report enhances the understanding of occlusion analysis during prosthetic restoration. The results satisfied both the clinician and patients in terms of function and aesthetics.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2009

Experimental induction of polycystic ovary (PCO) resembling some aspects of human PCO syndrome was produced using the long-acting compound estradiol valerate (EV). Our previous study on the role of Korean red ginseng total saponins (GTS) in a steroid-induced PCO rat model demonstrated that electro-acupuncture modulates nerve growth factor (NGF) concentration in the ovaries. In fact, the involvement of a neurogenic component in the pathology of PCO-related ovarian dysfunction is preceded by an increase in sympathetic outflow to the ovaries. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that therapeutic GTS administration modulates sympathetic nerve activity in rats with PCO. This was done by analyzing NGF protein and NGF mRNA expression involved in the pathophysiological process underlying steroid-induced PCO. EV injection resulted in significantly higher ovarian NGF mRNA expression in PCO rats compared to control rats, and PCO ovaries were counteracted by GTS administration with significantly lower expression of NGF mRNA compared to EV treated ovaries. However, NGF protein was unaffected in both EV and GTS treated ovaries compared to control rats. These results indicate that EV modulates the neurotrophic state of the ovaries, which may be a component of the pathological process by which EV induces cyst formation and anovulation in rodents.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.16 no.2 s.30
• /
• pp.453-489
• /
• 1995

The research of the phrases related with physiology of stomach and spleen in the contents of Huang Di Nei Jing(黃帝內經) known as the Bible of oriental medicine will make a contribution to a deep understanding of disease of stomach and spleen and a proper clinical diagnosis and treatment of them. In this research of the most appropriate glosses recorded nine kinds of representative medical books including Huang Di Nei Jing Somoon(黃帝內經素問) of Wang Bing(王氷) were picked out: The summaries of the selected contents are as follows: 1. The word 'saliva(涎)' in 'the spleen controls saliva(脾爲涎)' can be viewed as a generic term referring to oral cavity secretion gland as well as the secretion fluid of salivary gland. 2. The phases 'a large reservoir(太倉)', barn organs', 'a reserboir of food stuff', 'a stomach as the market(胃爲之市)', etc mean the function of stomach to receive food(胃主受納). 3. The phase 'generation of five tastes(五味出焉)' means both 'the function of stomach to transform food into chyme(胃主腐熟)' and 'the channelling function of spleen.(脾主運化)' 4. The flowing of the food-Qi(食氣) into stomach brings about spreading Jung(精) into liver and then percolating Jung(精) flow into channel. The channel-Qi(脈氣) flows into lung through channel. As a result, all kinds of channels gather together in lung and Jung(精) is sent into skin and hair. The assembly of Jung(精) with skins and channels moves Qi(氣) into fu-organ and so jung(精) and mental activity(神明) in fu-organ(府) come to be in four organs(四臟). Then if Qi(氣) comes back to power balance unit(權衡) being in the state of equilibrium(權衡以平), the hole of Qi(氣口) comes to determine the matter of life and death through achieving Chun-quan-chi(-寸-關-尺). The above mentioned phrases means the digestion, asorption and transmission of food. When food is taken in stomach, Jung-Qi(精氣) comes to be over flowed upward into spleen, back into lung, finally downward into bladders through water-conduit(水道) controlled by lung. When water- Jung(水精) radiates into whole body with channels of five organs(五臟), both of them fit together with and yin-yang(陰-陽). Therefore, the grasping of the rise and decline of yin-yang(陰C-陽) is necessary to consult patients. The above mentioned phrases is properly viewed to designate the asorption, transmission and excretion of food. 5. Spleen controls flesh(脾之合肉也), the state of spleen is known by human lips, and what this means is that liver plays functions of spread and expansion(肝主疏泄). 6. The phrase 'Jung Jung'((中精)) in 'gallbladder dominates Jung jung(膽主中精)', which in one of the specific expression of 'liver plays functions of spread and expansion(肝主疏泄). 7. It is right that the phase 'The eleven organs in all are determined by gallbladder'(凡十,一臟取決於膽也) is correctly paraphrased as 'only one of ten organs, spleen, is determined by gallbladder'.(凡十,一臟取決於膽也), 8. The small intestine is an organ. which receives the materials digested and sends them out. This means that the function of transforming materials(化物) factually refers to that of separating clearity and blur(泌別淸濁). And it is also thought to have the function of ascending clearity and descending blur(升淸降濁), 9. A large intestine is a transmitting organ(傳導之官) from which a change comes out(變化出焉). the phrase 'change'(變化) in this sentence means both the intake of water and nutrition and the formation procedure of stool through excretion of mucocele.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.57-71
• /
• 1983

Sex education is necessary for the youth that they should have an adequate sexual knowledge, attitudes and behaviors in their adolescent period. Four major objectives of this study are as follows; 1. To know the level of sexual knowledge of commercial girl's high school students in Seoul. 2. To know their actual state for the attitudes and behaviors toward sex. 3. To compare the sexual knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of day time school students with those of night time school students. 4. To compare the factors associated with their sexual knowledge, attitudes and behaviors with the individual level. Data were collected on 986 students in Seoul from April 1 to April 10, 1983. As the result of this survey, the following conclusions were obtained. 1. The level of sexual knowledge. (1) The level of knowledge of day time high school students about the physiology of female and pregnancy is shown higher than those of night time students. 64.2% of the respondents are aware of the organ producing ovum. 56.4% the ovulation period. 95.6% the cause of pregnancy. 74.5% the pregnantable period and 12.7% the place of fetilization. (2) Out of 986 respondents. 71.8% knew about contraceptive method correctly, and day time school students knew litter better than night time school students, by showing 73.9% and 69.7% respectively. They knew about contraceptive method with 'oral pills'. 'menstrual cycles', 'condoms'. and 'loops' in the same order. 3) Kinds of veneral disease was correctly known by 37.9%. Day time students knew much better than night time school students. by showing 67.8% and 7.9%. respectively. Transmission method of veneral disease was correctly known by 28.3%. Day time students knew much better than night time students, by showing 51.2% and 5.3%, respectively. (4) The major information source of sexual knowledge was 'book and magazine' (39.9%) and 'friends' (27.4%). 2. Actual state of attitudes and behaviors toward sex. (1) Out of 986 respondents, 84.0% answered that premarital purity should be kept. (2) Out of 986 respondents, 60.8% had an acquaintance of the opposite sex. 45.2% of students with opposite sex reported introduction of their friends as the main channel of making an acquaintance of the opposite sex. (3) Of those who responded to this study 13.8% reported having masturbation, 21.5% kissing, 6.2% petting and 3.7% sex intercourse. (4) 64.8% had sexual problems, which was mensturance (27.2%), aquaintance of the opposite sex (25.4%). The main method to solve the problems were consultation with 'friends' and 'books and magazine' percentage being 39.1% and 30.8%, respectively, whereas very small students discussed with 'teachers' and 'parents' percentages being 0.3% and 5.9%, respectively. (5) Out of 986 respondents, 62.2% had experience in educating about sex, the percentage of day time school was higher than that of night time school. (6) 88.2% of students wanted sex education in school, which were 'general information about sex' (35.4%), 'sexual morality and solution of sexual desire' (18.5%), 'aquaintance of the opposite sex' (13.3%) and 'marriage and role of man and woman' (12.4%) in the same order. They wanted to be instructed about sexes in the lecture of physical education, home economics, biology, military training (59.9%), regular curriculum (17.5%), special lecture (16.9%) and by the counselor or school nurse (5.7%). 3. Analyse concerning the factors about the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. (1) The better school record was, the higher the level of sexual knowledge. (2) Those who have the religion considered the permarital purity more important than those who have not, the percentage showing 86.7% and 80.7%, respectively. (3) The result of dyad analysis of making acquaintance of the opposite sex in the friendship network showed that a high index of the acquaintance of the opposite sex tends to be a high adoption of making one at the individual level in the group, while the low index tends to be a low adoption of making one in the group.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.131-143
• /
• 1994

For maintenance of exposed implant in healthy state, it is necessary to treat the surface of implant fixture and provide the surface adjustable to surrounding tissues. Variable techniques have been introduced such as citric acid and air-abrasive system to treat the failed implant. Although when the rough surface of HA coated implant was exposed to oral environment, the surface treatment method with citric acid or air-abrasive system is effective for removal of bacterial endotoxin, it is unsuccessful to prevent plaque deposition due to difficulty in removal of rough surface of HA coated implant. Thus, in this study the method that removes bacterial endotoxin and makes smooch surface without alteration of surface characteristics was studied. HA coated disc manufactured by IMZ Co. Was treated with high speed diamond bur, low speed diamond bur, stone bur, rubber point, jetpolisher. And then its surface state was examined with profilometer and SEM to evaluate the surface smoothness, and its surface component was analyzed with EDX to evaluate wheter the surface characteristics were altered or not. As a result, following results were obtained. When the surface roughness of each implant disc was measured by profilometer, the group I showed a $R_{max}\;2.11{\mu}m$ and the group II, III, IV, V showed a $R_{max2}\;4.17{\mu}m$, $7.28{\mu}m$, $8.61{\mu}m$ and $39.44{\mu}m$ respectively. That is, surface smoothness was highest in the group I and it has been gradually decreased in the group II, III, IV and V. Under the SEM examination, the group I showed relatively smooth surface and the group II showed slightly rougher surface than the group I due to partially remaining HA particles while most HA particle was removed. The group III and IV showed rough topography due to HA particles that was not grinded, and HA coated surface in group V showed very irregular surface with deep groove and prominence. In cross-sectional view, the group I showed uniform surface, and the group III, IV showed rough surface due to remaining HA particles but the thickness of HA coating was remarkably reduced. The group II has similar pattern in group I, and the group V showed about $40{\mu}m$ thickness although it was not constant. By analysis of surface component with EDX, the group II in which the grinding was effective showed a small quantity of calcium and phosphorous and the group III, IV, in which the grinding was incomplete showed calcium and phosphorus peak. In all experimental group, no other than titanium, aluminum, calcium, phosphorus was observed.