• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.537-544
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• 2004

An effective methodology is reported for determining the optimal lot size of batch processing and storage networks which include uncertain demand forecasting. We assume that any given storage unit can store one material type which can be purchased from suppliers, internally produced, infernally consumed, transported to or from other sites and/or sold to customers. We further assume that a storage unit is connected to all processing and transportation stages that consume/produce or move the material to which that storage unit is dedicated. Each processing stage transforms a set of feedstock materials or intermediates into a set of products with constant conversion factors. A batch transportation process can transfer one material or multiple materials at once between sites. The objective for optimization is to minimize the probability averaged total cost composed of raw material procurement, processing setup, transportation setup and inventory holding costs as well as the capital costs of processing stages and storage units. A novel production and inventory analysis formulation, the PSW(Periodic Square Wave) model, provides useful expressions for the upper/lower bounds and average level of the storage inventory. The expressions for the Kuhn-Tucker conditions of the optimization problem can be reduced to two sub-problems. The first yields analytical solutions for determining lot sires while the second is a separable concave minimization network flow subproblem whose solution yields the average material flow rates through the networks for the given demand forecast scenario. The result of this study will contribute to the optimal design and operation of the global supply chain.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.676-685
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• 1989

농가에서 현재 사용되고 있는 고추건조기의 운전조건을 고추의 건조 모델과 품질변화 모델을 수치해석적 최적화방법인 Box의 complex 방법과 연결하여 최적화를 시도하였다. 주어진 carotenoids. 보존을 만족시키는 제한조건 하에서 에너지소비를 최소화하기 위한 열풍온도, 열풍재순환율, 풍량이 결정되었다. 품질제한 조건이 엄격할수록 낮은 열풍재순환율과 높은 풍량이 사용되어 에너지소비는 증가하고 전체 건조시간은 짧아졌다. 건조 중 건조기내에서 고추의 혼합이 에너지 사용효율과 제품품질을 향상시킬 수 있었다. 현재 사용되고 있는 풍량은 최적운전을 위해서는 증가되어야 하는 것으로 판단되었다. 풍량을 일정하게 적정조건으로 고정하고 열풍의 온도와 재순환율을 2단계로 변화시키는 건조방식이 에너지소비를 더욱 감소시킬 수 있었다. 이러한 2단계 최적건조에서는 단계이동은 전체 건조시간의 약 1/3 부근에서 이루어지고 열풍온도는 첫 단계에서 낮다가 두 번째 단계에서 증가하고 열풍재순환율은 단계변화에 따라 약간 증가하였다. 얻어진 최적제어변수는 건조기내에서의 건조과정과 carotenoids 파괴 kinetics에 의하여 해석될 수 있었다. 얻어진 결과의 실험적 확인이 요청된다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.457-469
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• 2009

Pb, Zn, Cu등으로 오염된 사격장 토양을 대상으로 하여 황산화균인 Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans를 이용한 미생물학적 중금속 용출 기술의 적용 가능성을 파악하고 에너지원인 황의 농도, 미생물 접종량, 반응 온도 등의 조건이 중금속 용출 효율에 미치는 영향을 규명하였다. 황의 투입량 및 미생물의 초기 접종량이 높을수록 중금속 용출 효율이 다소 높게 나타났으나, 황 및 미생물을 접종하지 않은 경우에는 중금속 용출량이 뚜렷하게 감소하였다. 또한 $26^{\circ}C$ 조건에서의 중금속 용출량에 비하여 $4^{\circ}C$ 조건에서의 용출량은 매우 낮았다. 오염 농도가 가장 높은 Pb의 경우 다른 중금속에 비하여 월등히 높은 용출량을 나타내었으나 그 효율은 가장 낮았으며 이는 용출되어 나온 Pb가 $PbSO_{4(s)}$로써 침전 또는 콜로이드 입자를 형성하였기 때문으로 판단된다. 연속추출법을 적용하여 반응 전과 후의 중금속 존재 형태의 변화를 파악한 결과, Zn, Cu, Cr의 경우 용출이 용이한 형태의 비율이 증가함으로써 추가적인 조치가 필요하였다. 중금속으로 오염된 사격장 토양 등의 현장 복원에 미생물학적 용출 기법이 유용하게 적용될 수 있으며 이 때 에너지원의 농도, 미생물의 접종량, 반응 온도 등의 인자가 용출 효율에 매우 중요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.553-565
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• 2017

Structural modeling of unencapsulated ionic polymer metal composite (u-IPMC) actuators that are used for flapping the insect scale-flapping wing of micro air vehicles (FMAV) in dry environmental conditions is carried out. Structural modeling for optimization of design parameters for retention of water, maximize actuation performance and to study the influence of water activity on the actuation characteristics of u-IPMC is explored for use in FMAV. The influence of equivalent weight of Nafion polymer, cations, concentration of cations, pre-treatment procedures on retention of water of u-IPMCs and on actuation parameters, flapping angle, flexural stiffness and actuation displacement are investigated. IPMC designed with Nafion having equivalent weight 900-1100, pre-heated at $30^{\circ}C$ and with sodium as the cations is promising for optimum retention of water and actuation performance. The actuation parameters while in operation in dry and humid environment with varying water activity can be tuned to desirable frequency, deflection, flap angle and flexural stiffness by changing the water activity and operational temperature of the environment.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2023

According to the 2020 industrial accident reports of the Ministry of Employment and Labor, the number of fatal accidents in the construction industry over the past 5 years has been higher than in other industries. Of these more than 50% of fatal accidents are initially caused by fall accidents. The central government is intensively managing falling/jamming protection device and the use of personal protective equipment to eradicate the inappropriate factors disrupting safety at construction sites. In addition, although efforts have been made to prevent safety accidents with the proposal of the Special Act on Construction Safety, fatalities on construction sites are constantly occurring. Therefore, this study developed a model that automatically detects the wearing state of the worker's safety helmet and belt using computer vision technology. In considerations of conditions occurring at construction sites, we suggest an optimization method, which has been verified in terms of the accuracy and operation speed of the proposed model. As a result, it is possible to improve the efficiency of inspection and patrol by construction site managers, which is expected to contribute to reinforcing competency of safety management.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2015

Alloy 82/182 weld metals had been extensively used in joining the components of the PWR primary system. Unfortunately, there have been a number of incidents of cracking caused by PWSCC in Alloy 82/182 welds during the operation of PWR worldwide. To mitigate PWSCC, optimization of water-chemistry conditions, especially dissolved hydrogen (DH) and Zn contents, is considered as the most promising and effective remedial method. In this study, the PWSCC behaviours of Alloy 182 weld were investigated in simulated PWR environments with various DH content. Both in-situ and ex-situ oxide characterizations as well as PWSCC initiation tests were performed. The results showed that PWSCC crack initiation time was shortest in PWR water (DH: 30cc/kg). Also, high stress reduced crack initiation time. Oxide layer showed multi-layered structures consisted of the outer needle-like Ni-rich oxide layer, Fe-rich crystalline oxide, and inner Cr-rich inner oxide layers, which was not altered by the level of applied stress. To analyse the multi-layer structure of oxides, EIS measurement were fitted into an equivalent circuit model. Further analyses including TEM and EDS are underway to verify appropriateness of the equivalent circuit model.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.112-116
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• 2019

This study was carried out by structural analysis using finite element method for designing high rigidity structure of multi - functional automatic lathe bed. As a result of comparison, it was confirmed that the weight was designed to be higher than the maximum deformation amount. The shape and dimensions of the main pillars and walls of the bed were changed to derive the most suitable design for the multifunction automatic lathe bed. A model of structural design was derived with the goal of minimizing the maximum deformation amount of $20{\mu}m$ or less and the weight of the bed. As a result of applying the derived design improvement proposal to the multifunctional automatic lathe bed, 57.4% weight reduction and maximum principal stress decreased by 45.0% than the initial design model. It is expected that the optimum design that meets these design conditions will reduce the weight of the structure as well as improve the safety of the structure and reduce the machining error in the operation of the machine tool.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1274-1285
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• 2015

This paper deals with model reference adaptive system (MRAS) speed estimators based on a secondary flux for linear induction motors (LIMs). The operation of these estimators significantly depends on an adaptation mechanism. Fixed-gain PI controller is the most common adaptation mechanism that may fail to estimate the speed correctly in different conditions, such as variation in machine parameters and noisy environment. Two adaptation mechanisms are proposed to improve LIM drive system performance, particularly at very low speed. The first adaptation mechanism is based on fuzzy theory, and the second is obtained from an LIM mechanical model. Compared with a conventional PI controller, the proposed adaptation mechanisms have low sensitivity to both variations of machine parameters and noise. The optimum parameters of adaptation mechanisms are tuned using an offline method through chaotic optimization algorithm (COA) because no design criterion is given to provide these values. The efficiency of MRAS speed estimator is validated by both numerical simulation and real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) implementations. Results indicate that the proposed adaptation mechanisms improve performance of MRAS speed estimator.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권9호
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• pp.2025-2033
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• 2020

Signature-based safeguards (SBS) is being developed to assist tradition nuclear material accountancy methods in tracking material in pyroprocessing facilities. SBS involves identifying off-normal scenarios that would result in improper movement of material in a pyroprocessing facilities and determining associated sensor response signatures. SBS investigations are undertaken in the computational space utilizing an electrochemical transport code known as enhanced REFIN with anodic dissolution (ERAD) to calculate the affect of off-normal conditions in the electrorefiner (ER) on material movement. Work is undertaken to experimentally validate the predictions and assumptions made by ERAD for off-normal occurrences. These experiments were undertaken on a benchtop scale and involved operating an electrochemical cell at 10 separate current densities for constant current operations to deposit U and Gd at a W cathode. These experiments were then modeled using ERAD to compare calculated predictions versus analytical experimental results it was found. It was discovered both the experimental and calculated results reflect a trend of increased codeposition of U and Gd with increasing current density. ERAD was thus demonstrated to be useful for predicting trends from anomalous operation but will require further optimization to be utilized as a quantitative design tool.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2010

This paper was originated to set up a test equipment and to obtain the proper installation condition of the plastic damper for the hydraulic clutch control system. Performance tests with different specifications have been applied to the damper to investigate the workability and the vibration characteristics of each case, and the result was utilized into the system simulation for the optimal condition for the damper. The procedure has been developed to set up a damper test system to analyze the dynamic properties and the operation of the system, and further to setup a simulation program for the realistic situations. The result can also be applied to the dampers and the clutch systems to be developed in the future for the property tests and the optimization of the installation conditions.