• Spatial Information Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.9-21
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• 2014

Recently the environment in geospatial information has conversed into the plaform. The platform based geospatial information contributes to save time and cost as well as maintain the consistency and stability in spatial data infrastructure. The Republic of Korea is now constructing and operating the spatial open platform called as the V-World(Virtual World), and searching for the possibility of its abroad export. The purpose of this study is to elicit the abroad export strategy by country of spatial open platform by comparing the cases of developing country, the Kingdom of Cambodia and newly developed country, the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, The Kingdom of Cambodia depends on foreign aids to develop the spatial data infrastructure and the Emirate of Abu Dhabi is inducing an advanced technology and high human power from overseas based on abundant oil money. This study establishes the abroad export strategy based on two country models such as Cambodia and Abu Dhabi by considering the characteristics in geospatial information, and suggests the ways of abroad export and the methods on fund raising for spatial open platform.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.3D
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• pp.343-353
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• 2011

The unsignalized intersections in a community road in the city of Seoul have 3,753 traffic accidents(9%) of total 41,702 cases in 2008, not high in the occurrence rate of traffic accidents, but seem to have a quite high potential of accidents due to the unreasonable and insufficient operation of systems and facilities in the part of traffic foundations. In particular, the un-signalized intersections in a community road have an insufficient measure for safety as compared to the crossroads with signals, and there are few analysis of traffic accidents and domestic researches on the model of affecting factors. Our country also has no concept of passing priority in operating a crossroad without signals, differently from foreign countries, so the researches and safety measures for improving the safety of a crossroad without signals in a community road are urgent. Therefore, This study set out to analyze the road conditions, traffic conditions, and traffic environment conditions on unsignalized intersection, to identify the elements that would impose obstructions in safety, and develop a traffic accident prediction model to evaluate the safety of an unsignalized intersection using the correlation between the elements and an accident. In addition, the focus was made on suggesting appropriate traffic safety policies by dealing with the danger elements in advance and on enhancing the safety on intersection in developing a traffic accident prediction model for an unsignalized intersection.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.119-125
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• 2003

The small-loop electromagnetic (EM) technique has been used successfully for many geophysical investigations, particularly for shallow engineering and environmental surveys. In conventional small loop EM operating at small induction numbers, geometric sounding has been widely used because the depth of penetration of EM energy depends only on the source-receiver separation. Recently developed small loop EM system, however, measures the secondary magnetic field, $H^S$, at multiple frequencies with a fixed source-receiver separation and frequency sounding is tried actively. In this study, we analyzed the behavior of in-phase and quadrature components of ${H^S}_z$, for horizonal coplanar (HCP) configuration over two-layer models. Through this theoretical analysis, it was found that the in-phase component of ${H^S}_z$ is more suitable for frequency sounding than the quadrature component. But, the in-phase component of ${H^S}_z$ is too small to measure, especially in resistive and noisy environment like Korea. Using the fact that the quadrature component is much greater than the in-phase component and the difference of quadrature component of ${H^S}_z$ measured at two frequencies shows the same behavoir as the in-phase component, we suggested an alternative frequency sounding technique. Also, we defined an apparent conductivity, which reflects well the conductivity of subsurface layers.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.39
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• pp.26.1-26.10
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• 2017

Background: The impairment of the appearance is a major problem for patients with carcinomas of the oral cavity. These patients want to recover their preoperative facial appearance. Some do not realize that this is not always possible and hence develop a desire for further cosmetic and reconstructive surgery (CRS) which often causes psychological problems. Method: The desire of patients for CRS (N = 410; 26%) has been acquired in this $D{\ddot{O}}SAK$ rehab study including multiple reasons such as medical, functional, aesthetic and psychosocial aspects. They relate to the parameters of diagnosis, treatment and postoperative rehabilitation. Patients without the wish for CRS (N = 1155; 74%) served as control group. For the surgeons, knowledge of the patient's views is relevant in the wish for CRS. Nevertheless, it has hardly been investigated for patients postoperatively to complete resection of oral cancer. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, questionnaires with 147 variables were completed during control appointments. Thirty-eight departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery took part, and 1652 German patients at least 6 months after complete cancer resection answered the questions. Additionally, a physician's questionnaire (N = 1489) was available. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS vers. 22. Results: The patient's assessment of their appearance and scarring are the most important criteria resulting in wishes for CRS. Furthermore, functional limitations such as eating/swallowing, pain of the facial muscles, numb regions in the operating field, dealing with the social environment, return to work, tumour size and location, removal and reconstruction are closely related. Conclusion: The wish for CRS depends on diverse functional psychosocial and psychological parameters. Hence, it has to be issued during conversation to improve rehabilitation. A decision on the medical treatment can be of greater satisfaction if the surgeon knows the patients' needs and is able to compare them with the medical capabilities. The informed consent between doctor and patient in regard to these findings is necessary.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.173-194
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• 2013

The purpose of this study drew the core elements of ISO26000 by analyzing the elements suitable to the characteristics of casino companies, and examined the influence of the core elements of ISO26000 on organizational trust following the level of organizational trust of employees. As a result of the factor analysis, among the 7 measurement items of ISO26000, improvement of governance and fair operating practices were simplified into one factor and thus 6 factors were used for empirical analysis. Therefore, multiple regression analysis using least square method was conducted to examine the impacts of the 6 elements. As a result, 5 variables excluding human rights had significant impacts on the organizational trust. Concretely, the 5 core elements of ISO26000 (labor practices, governance and fair operation, consumer issues, environment and community social and economic development) had significant impact on organization trust in order. In addition, the results of quantile regression analysis show the core elements of ISO26000 had different impacts on organizational trust depending on the level of organizational trust of employees.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 1993

This paper describes the design and development of a KrF excimer laser stepper and discusses the detailed system parameters and characterization data obtained from the performance test. We have developed a deep UV step-and-repeat system, operating at 248 nm, by retrofitting a commercial modules such as KrF excimer laser, precision wafer stage and fused silica illumination and 5X projection optics of numerical aperture 0.42. What we have developed, to the basic structure, are wafer alignment optics, reticle alignment system, autofocusing/leveling mechanisms and environment chamber. Finally, all these subsystem were integrated under the control of microprocessor-based controllers and computer. The wafer alignment system comprises the OFF-AXIS and the TTL alignment. The OFF-AXIS alignment system was realized with two kinds of optics. One is the magnification system with the image processing technique and the other is He-Ne laser diffraction type system using the alignment grating on the wafer. 'The TTL alignment system employs a dual beam inteferometric method, which takes advantages of higher diffraction efficiency compared with other TTL type alignment systems. As the results, alignment accuracy for OFF-AXIS and TTL alignment system were obtained within 0.1 $\mu\textrm{m}$/ 3 $\sigma$ for the various substrate on the wafers. The wafer focusing and leveling system is modified version of the conventional systems using position sensitive detectors (PSD). This type of detection method showed focusing and leveling accuracies of about $\pm$ 0.1 $\mu\textrm{m}$ and $\pm$ 0.5 arcsec, respectively. From the CD measurement, we obtained 0.4 $\mu\textrm{m}$ resolution features over the full field with routine use, and 0.3 $\mu\textrm{m}$ resolution was attainable under more strict conditions.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.937-946
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• 2005

The objective of the study is to develop a reservoir optimal operation model and to suggest the appropriate amount of additional water supply and optimal operation rule. The model uses multiple objective function and a global search method, SCE-UA method. The objective function is set up to maintain the storage at target level, to satisfy the water demand, and to maximize the hydropower product. To evaluate the model's applicability, the model was applied for allocating the optimal water depending on storage level changes of Seomjin dam. The results comparing optimal operation and historical data showed that hydropower product increased from $-2.29\%$ to $14.51\%$, $-5.94\%$ to $3.98\%$, and $-0.43\%$ to $6.35\%$ with varying target levels in wet, dry, and normal period, respectively. Also, The model was applied for assessing water supply capacity of Seomjin dam to satisfy increasing water demand. The dam was operated by the model on consideration of downstream flow as 0.17, 0.50, 0.70, 1.0, 1.5, and $3.0\;m^3/sec$. The results showed that in case of operating the dam with downstream flow less than $0.70\;m^3/sec$ and with target water level lower than 194.0 m, hydropower product was more than the historical operation data and existing amount of water supply was less influenced.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2011

Climate change could have a pronounced impact on natural and agricultural ecosystems. To assess the impact of climate change, projected climate data have been used as inputs to models. Because such studies are conducted occasionally, it would be useful to employ Cloud computing, which provides multiple instances of operating systems in a virtual environment to do processing on demand without building or maintaining physical computing resources. Furthermore, it would be advantageous to use open source geospatial applications in order to avoid the limitations of proprietary software when Cloud computing is used. As a pilot study, Amazon Web Service ? Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) was used to calculate the number of days with rain in a given month. Daily sets of climate projection data, which were about 70 gigabytes in total, were processed using virtual machines with a customized database transaction application. The application was linked against open source libraries for the climate data and database access. In this approach, it took about 32 hours to process 17 billion rows of record in order to calculate the rain day on a global scale over the next 100 years using ten clients and one server instances. Here I demonstrate that Cloud computing could provide the high level of performance for impact assessment studies of climate change that require considerable amount of data.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

As the network environment develops and speeds up, a lot of smart devices is developed, and a high-speed smart society can be realized while allowing people to interact with objects. As the number of things Internet has surged, a wide range of new security risks and problems have emerged for devices, platforms and operating systems, communications, and connected systems. Due to the physical characteristics of IoT devices, they are smaller in size than conventional systems, and operate with low power, low cost, and relatively low specifications. Therefore, it is difficult to apply the existing security solution used in the existing system. In addition, IoT devices are connected to the network at all times, it is important to ensure that personal privacy exposure, such as eavesdropping, data tampering, privacy breach, information leakage, unauthorized access, Significant security issues can arise, including confidentiality and threats to facilities. In this paper, we investigate cases of security threats and cases of network of IoT, analyze vulnerabilities, and suggest ways to minimize property damage by Internet of things.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.493-501
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• 2020

For the obfuscation of Flow Analysis on the Android operating system, the size of the Flow Graph can be large enough to make analysis difficult. To this end, a library in the form of aar was implemented so that it could be inserted into the application in the form of an external library. The library is designed to have up to five child nodes from the entry point in the dummy code, and for each depth has 2n+1 numbers of methods from 100 to 900 for each node, so it consists of a total of 2,500 entry points. In addition, entry points consist of a total of 150 views in XML, each of which is connected via asynchronous interface. Thus, the process of creating a Inter-procedural Control Flow Graph has a maximum of 14,175E+11 additional cases. As a result of applying this to application, the Inter Procedure Control Flow Analysis too generates an average of 10,931 edges and 3,015 nodes with an average graph size increase of 36.64%. In addition, in the APK analyzing process showed that up to average 76.33MB of overhead, but only 0.88MB of execution overhead in the user's ART environment.