• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.495-500
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• 1997

Cyclodextrin을 합성하는 효소 CGTase를 호염기성 Bacillus sp. E1으로부터 분리하기 위하여 PCR을 실시하였다. PCR을 위하여 합성한 primer의 염기서열은 현재까지 보고된 CGTase 유전자의 염기서열을 비교 분석하여 가장 높게 보존된 영역을 찾아내어 선택하였다. PCR 증폭 결과 1.2 kbp 크기의 DNA 절편을 얻을 수 있었고 이를 molecular probe로 이용하여 Southern blot 분석을 실시하였다. Southern blot 분석결과 CGTase 유전자는 염색체 DNA를 제한효소 XbaI으로 절단한 5.3 kbp 절편내에 존재한다는 사실을 알아내었다. CGTase 유전자를 분리하기 위하여 유전자 은행을 제조한 후 선별작업을 실시하여 genomic clone인 pCGTE1을 얻을 수 있었다. pCGTEl의 염기서열을 결정한 결과 분리한 CGTase 유전자는 2109 bp의 open reading frame을 가지며 이는 703개의 아미노산으로 구성된 단백질을 coding하는 것으로 나타났다. 아미노산 서열의 유사성을 비교한 결과 Bacillus sp. KC201의 CGTase 와 가장 높은 94.3% 동질성을 나타내었다.

• 복식
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• 제56권7호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2006

The study on plane composition in clothing was focused mainly on woven wear earlier but its application has been reaching the knit wear. This study is confined to the utilization with geometrical linear pattern in the modern apparel. The work here intends to grasp the plane structure found in both woven wear and knit wear and, in particular, to understand the aesthetics of fashion. The modern flat patterned clothing has been affected by the oriental style or postmodernism in view of social and cultural aspect while its fabric material and expression method shows the diversity in terms of industrial and technical aspect. It can be characterized as several outstanding patterns: the geometrical pattern in structure, the linear pattern with seam line and 2-dimensional plane pattern without seam line, and the flexible silhouette integrated into one single shape with human body unlike the traditional apparel The aesthetics of fashion in modern flat patterned clothing can be divided into such category as the organically spatial change, the re-creation of tradition and the non-format framework. The organically spatial change shows the geometrical formation in clothes due to change in dimension, where the organically changing uniformity and generosity appears as the dimension progresses. The timeless without any difference of up and down, left and right, and inside and outside and the discontinuity due to limitless spatial change are also imbedded. The re-creation of tradition tells the reshaped spirits of old tradition by integrating and modifying the hereditary features in the old customed clothing into modern clothing. The modern flat patterned clothing implies the contemporaneousness or the frame through which the old and modern cultures may be shared and indicates the re-creation of the past and uniformity. The non-format framework contains the uncertainty in meaning and it doesn't have any certain standards. As both the apparel and the human body with this style aim at the open space, the numerous contingencies are realized.

• BMB Reports
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 1997

Two kinds of cDNA encoding mouse $Gal{\beta}$1,3(4)GlcNAc ${\alpha}$2,3-sialyltransferase (mST3Gal III) and $Gal{\beta}$1,4(3)GlcNAc ${\alpha}$2,3-sialyltransferase (mST3Gal IV) were isolated from mouse brain cDNA library by means of a PCR-based approach. The cDNA sequences included an open reading frame coding for proteins of 374 and 333 amino acids, respectively, and the primary structure of these enzymes suggested a putative domain structure consisting of four regions, like that in other glycosyltransferases. The deduced amino acid sequences of mST3GaI III and IV showed a 98% and 89% identity with rat ST3GaI III and human ST3Gal IV, respectively. Northern analysis indicated that the expression of mST3Gal III mRNA was abundant in heart, liver and adult brain, while that of mST3GaI IV mRNA was detected in all tissues tested except for testis, but the level was the highest in liver. Soluble forms of mST3GaI III and IV transiently expressed in COS cells exhibited enzyme activity toward acceptor substrates containing the terminal either $Gal{\beta}$1,3GlcNAc or $Gal{\beta}$1,4GlcNAc sequences. The substrate preferences of both enzymes were stronger for tetrasaccharides than for disaccharides.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2002년도 생물공학의 동향 (X)
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• pp.457-460
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• 2002

In an effort to isolate novel strains expressing a thermostable esterase that hydrolyzed the rac-ketoprofen ethyl ester to ketoprofen in the stereospecific manner, we screened various soils and composts from broad ecological niches in which the activity was expected to be found. Three hundreds of microbial strains were tested to determine their ester-hydrolyzing activity by using an agar plate containing insoluble tributyrin as an indicative substrate, and then further screened by activity on the (R,S)-ketoprofen ethyl ester. Twenty-six strains were screened primarily at high growth and incubation temperature and further compared the ability to ethyl ester-hydrolyzing activity in terms of conversion yield and chiral specificity. Consequently, a strain JYl44 was isolated as a novel strain that produced a (R)-stereospecific esterase with high stability and systematically identified as a Bacillus stearothermophilus JY144. The enzyme indeed stables at a broad range of temperature, upto 65 $^{\circ}C$, and pH ranging from 6.0 to 10.0. The optimal temperature and pH for enzymatic conversion were 50 $^{\circ}C$ and 9.0, respectively. Based on the observations that resulted a poor cell growth, and enzyme expression in wild type strain, we further attempted the gene cloning into a general host Escherichia coli and determined its primary structure, concomitantly resulting a high level expression of the enzyme. The cloned gene had an open reading frame (250 amino acids) with a calculated molecular mass of 27.4 kDa, and its primary structure showed a relative high homology (45-52 %) to the esterases from Streptomyces and Bacillus strains. The recombinant whole cell enzyme could efficiently convert the rac-ketoprofen ethyl ester to (R)-ketoprofen, with optical purity of 99 % and yield of 49 %.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.144-149
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• 2016

현재 우리나라에서 5층 이하로 건축된 저층 철근콘크리트 건물의 대부분은 2005년 국내건축구조물의 내진설계기준이 강화되기 이전에 설계 및 시공이 이루어졌음으로, 더 이상 지진의 안전지대가 아닌 것으로 인식된 우리나라도 이들에 대한 내진성능 보강방안에 대한 연구가 필요한 실정이다. 저층 구조물의 기본 골조는 대부분 보와 기둥에 칸막이 벽으로 이루어져 있으므로 강성이 커서 지진의 횡파에 매우 취약하다. 칸막이 벽은 채광 과 환기를 위한 개구부와 그 아래 허리벽으로 구성되어 있다. 허리벽은 기둥의 강성을 증가시키지만 유효길이를 감소시켜 단주효과를 유발시키며 지진발생 시 기둥의 전단파괴를 야기할 수 있다. 그러나 현재 국내에서는 칸막이 벽에 대한 연구가 많지 않고 적합한 설계기준도 없는 실정이므로 이에 대한 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.346-355
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• 2024

Groupers are economically important species in the fishery and aquaculture industries in Asian countries. Various species of grouper, including hybrids, have been brought to market even without precise species identification. In this study, we analyzed the structure and expression profile of the gene encoding prolactin (PRL) in the red-spotted grouper Epinephelus akaara based on genomic DNA and cDNA templates. The results showed that the PRL gene consists of five exons encoding an open reading frame of 212 amino acids, including a putative signal peptide of 24 amino acids and a mature structural protein of 188 amino acids. It showed amino acid identities of 99% with Epinephelus coioides, 83% with Amphiprion melanopus, 82% with Acanthopagrus schlegelii, 75% with Oreochromis niloticus, 70% with Coregonus autumnalis, and 67% with Oncorhynchus mykiss, indicating its closer similarity to E. coioides and other groupers but marked distinction from non-teleost PRLs. PRL mRNA expression was detected mostly in the brain, including the pituitary gland, with little expression in other tissues. While the 5-exon structure of the PRL gene of red-spotted grouper and the exon sizes were conserved, the sizes of the introns, particularly the first intron, were markedly different among the grouper species. To examine whether these differences can be used to distinguish groupers of similar phenotypes, exon-primed intron-crossing analysis was carried out for various commercially important grouper species. The results showed clear differences in size of the amplified fragment encompassing the first intron of the PRL gene, indicating that this method could be used to develop species-specific markers capable of discriminating between grouper species and their hybrids at the molecular level.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 1997

자력, 자연전위, 비저항 측정을 포함하는 지구물리탐사를 송산리고분군 지역에 적용한 결과 지하구조물의 위치, 고분축조 지반 및 원지반의 차이점 등에 대한 정보를 비교적 정확하게 얻을 수 있었다. 비저항의 분포로 확인된 기존 지반의 지역에서는 자연전위 값도 매우 낮다. 기존 지반의 경우 03 mv/m의 매우 낮은 전위차와 1000 1500 ohm-m의 상대적으로 높은 비저항치를 보이는 반면, 고분축조지역의 지반은 $-20\~30mV/m$의 큰 자연전위값과 200 ohm-m이내의 낮은 비저항을 보여 매우 대조적이다. 전기비저항 및 자연전위분포로 볼 때 백제시대 당시 고분축조를 위하여 절개했던 부분이 남북방향으로 약 35 m정도이었음을 알 수 있다. 원래의 지반과 고분축조를 위해 굴착한 부분의 지반의 매질이 확연히 다르다는 것은 고분축조가 동굴을 파서 그 내부에 축조했다기 보다는 전체 축조부지를 절개하여 평탄화한 후 모형을 만들어 축조한 후 그 후에 다시 파낸 암석부스러기 및 흙을 채워 원래 지형을 복원하였을 것으로 해석된다. 그 후 모형을 내부로부터 제거하여 고분을 축조하였을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2009

강한 지진에 대한 필로티형 고층 철근콘크리트 건물의 거동을 묘사하기 위한 해석기법의 개발과 성능평가를 위해, 상부벽식 하부 골조형식인 필로티형 건물에 대한 1/12축소 진동대 실험결과와 OpenSees를 이용하여 실험모델에 대한 비선형 시간이력해석을 수행한 결과를 비교하였다. 하부골조 형식은 모두 골조로 이루어진 형태(BF)와 전단벽이 한쪽 외부골조에 치우쳐 비틀림이 발생하는 형태(ESW)의 실험체에 대해 해석연구를 수행하였다. 철근과 콘크리트의 응력-변형률관계를 정의한 후 이를 단면에 이식시킨 섬유모델을 통해 비선형거동을 나타내도록 하였으며, 벽체는 MVLEM모델을 이용하였다. 해석결과 본 논문에서 제시한 비선형 모델은 필로티층의 거동(예를 들면 필로티층의 항복강도와 강성 상부구조물의 흔들림, 거동, 그리고 축력의 변화에 따른 축강성과 전단강성의 변화)을 비교적 정확하게 묘사하였다. 그러나 MVLEM으로 벽체의 비선형거동을 구성한 결과 거시거동은 실제 모델을 잘 따랐으나, 비틀림이 주된 진동주기일 때 발생하는 벽체 횡강성의 급격한 증가와 Warping현상으로 인해 코너기둥에 발생하는 과도한 인장력은 제대로 반영하지 못하였다. 비선형 해석으로 설계부재력을 구할 경우 실제보다 약 $20{\sim}30%$ 작게 나타났는데, 이는 실험과 해석방법의 차이때문에 발생한 것으로 보이며, 비선형 거동이 과도하게 발생한 수준의 지진에 대해서는 필로티형 건물의 거동특성을 충실히 나타내었다.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제9호
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• pp.151-170
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• 2010

As an art group, De Stijl (1917-1931) led a total art movement encompassing painting, sculpture, design, and architecture. Among these, architecture, as a model of the total art pursued by the group, was encapsulated by the term 'plastic architecture.' The term reflects architecture's shared features with plastic art, especially its pictorial characteristics. Firstly, De Stijl architecture shares geometric form with painting. Assembled in simple, clear and rational structures, the geometric forms signified universal forms, and extended the pictorial experimentation that Mondrian exercised through Neo-Plasticism to architecture. Constructed with colour fields made of concrete wall, De Stijl architecture is geometric abstract painting embodied in space. Together with such pictorial characteristics, large plate glass windows, narrow window frames, and cantilever structure minimize the building's visual weight. De Stijl architecture, which appears suspended in the air, is an architectural version of the abstract paintings of the era that revealed unknown spaces beyond perspective. De Stijl architecture is also an 'open' architecture, where the units placed as if radiating from the center form relations with each other flexibly and organically. The observer in such a space is encouraged to experience space within time, as his/her physical and visual mobility and extension are maximized. De Stijl architecture is an example of how the time-space continuum, represented within picture frame through Cubism, Futurism, and abstract art, can be realized in space. By transforming the ideal space of painting into real space in this way, 'plastic architecture' turned out to be an architectural manifestation of the utopianism of the era, aimed at building a society in 'perfect harmony.' However, such rationalism and universalism are not free from the violence of totalization that deletes various differences. This is evident in the history that followed as the geometric form of architecture and urban planning proliferated across the globe, engulfing the diverse natural landscapes and local cultures.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.229-236
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• 1997

A gene, $phbC_{2.4.1}$ encoding poly-3-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) synthase of Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 was cloned by employing heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. R. sphaeroides chromosomal DNA partially digested with MboI was cloned in pUC19 followed by mobilization into E. coli harbouring $phbA,B_{AC}$ in pRK415, which code for ${\beta}$-ketothiolase and acetoacetyl CoA reductase of Alcaligenes eutrophus, respectively. Two E. coli clones carrying R. sphaeroides chromosomal fragment of $phbC_{2.4.1}$ in pUC19 were selected from ca. 10,000 colonies. The PHB-producing colonies had an opaque white appearance due to the intracellular accumulation of PHB. The structure of PHB produced by the recombinant E. coli as well as from R. sphaeroides 2.4.1 was confirmed by [$H^{+}$]-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Restriction analysis of the two pUC19 clones revealed that one insert DNA fragment is contained as a part of the other cloned fragment. An open reading frame of 601 amino acids of $phbC_{2.4.1}$ with approximate M.W. of 66 kDa was found from nucleotide sequence determination of the 2.8-kb SaiI-PstI restriction endonuclease fragment which had been narrowed down to support PHB synthesis through heterologous expression in the E. coli harbouring $phbA,B_{AC}$. The promoter (s) of the $phbC_{2.4.1}$ were localized within a 340-bp DNA region upstream of the $phbC_{2.4.1}$ start codon according to heterologous expression analysis.