• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.76-81
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• 2014

이 연구는 RespiTrainer를 활용한 백밸브마스크 환기에서 1인 백밸브마스크, 2인 백밸브마스크, 전문기도삽관 별 호흡량과 기도압을 비교 분석하였다. 실험기간은 2014년 6월 2일부터 6월 10일까지이며, 수집된 자료는 SPSS 18.0을 이용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 기관내삽관을 통한 환기 $497{\pm}78mL$, 2인 BVM 환기 $479{\pm}91mL$를 보였고, 1인 BVM 환기와 킹후두관기도기, 후두마스크 환기에서 각각 $386{\pm}59mL$, $365{\pm}05mL$, $351{\pm}35mL$를 보였다. 기도압에서도 기관내삽관을 통한 BVM 환기에서 가장 높은 기도압(11.67 cm $H_2O$)을 보였다. 결과적으로 기관내삽관을 통한 BVM 환기와 2인 BVM 환기에서 1/3 백 압착법은 적절하였다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.109-123
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to propose an effective one-rescuer infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) chest compression technique by comparing the differences in efficacy, convenience, and pain levels between the two thumb-encircling and two finger techniques. Methods: Subjects were randomized to perform either two-thumb-encircling or two-finger technique for 8 minutes each on infant CPR manikins. After the chest compression, a survey was administered to the subjects to measure convenience and pain levels according to compression method. Results: Total compression depth over 8 minutes was significantly deeper for the two-thum-encircling technique ($43.5{\pm}4.8mm$) compared with the two-finger technique ($32.6{\pm}5.4mm$) (p<0.001). In terms of compression depth measured at 1-minute intervals, compression depth with the two-finger technique decreased from $38.3{\pm}4.23mm$ to $29.0{\pm}6.79mm$, whereas compression depth with the two-thumb-encircling technique did not show a significant change (from $43.7{\pm}4.12mm$ to $43.4{\pm}5mm$). The results of the survey indicated that, the majority of subjects found the two-thumb-encircling technique to be the most comfortable technique for compression depth (n=29, 64.4%). The majority of subjects (n=31, 68.9%) answered that the two-finger technique resulted in the most pain. Conclusion: Comparison of efficacy of the two-thumb-encircling and two-finger-techniques in the performance of one-rescuer infant CPR revealed that the two-thumb-encircling technique was more effective in maintaining chest compression depth.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2020

Purpose: We compared three chest compression methods to find an efficient method for performing infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for single rescuers and improving chest compressions quality. Methods: Thirty new marine police trainees at the Korea Coast Guard Education Institute were tested for five sessions using three methods of single rescuer infant CPR: two-finger chest compression, two-thumb encircling chest compression, and two-finger support chest compression. Results: The depth, accuracy, and number of compressions per minute of resuscitation were analyzed for the above three methods. The depth of two-finger chest compression, two-thumb encircling chest compression, and two-finger support chest compression was 3.53±0.20cm, 4.10±0.13cm, and 4.22±0.15cm, respectively. Accuracy was 23.86±12.59%, 54.11±10.8%, 71.55±18.81%, respectively, while the time for one cycle of 30 chest compression was 16.01±10.5 seconds, 16.45±0.85 seconds, and 16.56±0.91 seconds, respectively. Chest compression interruptions were 6.59±0.78 seconds, 7.17±0.37 seconds, and 6.97±0.35 seconds, respectively. The interruptions were consistent with the range of 5-10 seconds suggested by the American Heart Association. Conclusion: When one rescuer performs CPR for an infant in cardiac arrest, a comparative analysis of three methods showed that two-thumb encircling chest compression is the best for accuracy and efficiency of chest compressions.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2013

Purpose : The aim of the study is to compare the effect of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with voice and CPR without voice by one rescuer. Methods : Subjects were 26 students in C University who had basic life support certificate for Healthcare Provider. They performed 30:2 CPR for 6 minutes by two groups of CPR with voice and CPR without voice by one rescuer from August 14 to 16, 2012. They performed CPR with Resusci Anne SkillReporter$^{TM}$ and Laerdal PC SkillReporting System Ver. 2.4.1(Laerdal Medical, Norway and recored voice using TES-1350A(TES Electrical Electronic Corp, Taiwan). Between each experiment, 1 day of rest was given, providing enough time to recover from the fatigue of CPR. Results : The depth, rate of chest compression, and ventilation volume were not affected by a voice (p >.05), and the ratio of chest compression to ventilation kept 30:2, when the subject made a sound (p <.05). Conclusion : Making voice during CPR was associated with an accurate ratio of 30:2 and the reduction in hands off time.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2020

본 연구는 1인 구조자 영아 심폐소생술 방법에 따른 효율성을 알아보기 위한 연구이다. 일반인 51명을 대상으로 일반적인 두 손가락을 이용한 방법과 새로운 방법인 머리 위 양손 감싼 두 엄지 가슴압박 방법으로 심폐소생술을 비교하였다. 두 심폐소생술 방법을 비교하기 위하여 SPSS 22.0을 이용하였다. 연구결과 머리 위 양손 감싼 두 엄지 가슴압박법이 평균 가슴압박의 깊이(39.38±1.07 mm)가 유의하게 깊게 나타났고(p<0.001), 인공호흡의 용이성(p<0.001), 방법의 편리성( p<0.001), 손가락 통증 정도(p<0.001)도 유의한 차이를 보였다. 그리고 심폐소생술 방법의 선호도는 80.4%(41명)가 머리 위 양손 감싼 두 엄지 가슴압박 방법을 이용한 심폐소생술을 선호하였다. 이 연구는 마네킨을 이용한 가상연구이기 때문에 향후 질 높은 심폐소생술 방법을 현장에 적용하기 위해 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.103-115
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• 2012

Purpose : Inadequate chest compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) may result in the insufficient blood flow to preserve critical organ function. The study evaluated changes of quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation over time in 30:2 CPR by laypersons and analyzed rescuer factors affecting the quality of chest compressions over time. Methods : This study was designed to know quality of CPR changes during 5 minutes. 47 students completed CPR training courses. They were performed 30:2 CPR using a manikin with Skill-Reporter for 5 minutes continuously to get data of depth, rate of chest compression, volume and correct rate of ventilation. Results : Time dependent analysis showed significant ineffective compression depth in females and under weight rescuers. In case of female, we found effective compression depth has maintained up to 2 minutes, but it decreased significantly after 2 minutes. However, underweight rescuers maintained effective compression depth up to a minute but it decreased after 1 minute. Conclusion : Although compression rate maintained over time, chest compression quality declined significantly. It suggested switching compression at an interval of 2 minutes is reasonable for 30:2 CPR by layperson but underweight rescuers may provide effective chest compression by switching shift every one minute.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare the ability of college students to use automated external defibrillators (AED) and to provide a basic data for helping laypersons easily apply the AED. Methods: The subjects were randomly assigned to instruction groups. One group was instructed by pictures (group P), one by videos (group M), and one by telephone dispatchers (group D), Without employing cardiopulmonary resuscitation, a single rescuer was asked to apply defibrillation to a mannequin for practice in accordance with the instructions assigned to each group. Results: Regarding the proper pad attachment of the AED, group P followed the instruction $0.31{\pm}0.47times$, group M, $0.81{\pm}0.40times$, and group D $0.69{\pm}0.47times$. Regarding the instruction of taking the hand off a patient for analyzing cardiac rhythm and the instruction of taking the hand off a patient before defibrillation, group P did not follow the instruction; group M followed the instructions $0.50{\pm}0.51times$; and group D followed all instructions at all times. Conclusion: If a dispatcher gives real-time instructions for using an AED to laypersons wtih no experience at the time of AED use, the quality of laypersons' AED use will greatly improve.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a pathogenic bacteria filtration instrument for infection prevention during mouth-to-mouth ventilation. Methods: Two kinds of face shields were used for the study. One rescuer blew the filter through a bag valve mask and the filter was then cultured for bacteria. The mask was tested both on the front and back side. Results: Two kinds of face shields including the KF shield and CM shield were tested. The KF shield has received national certification and it prevented transmission of bacterial infection but the CM shield showed the opposite result and did not prevent bacterial transmission. Pathogenic bacteria were found on the back of the CM shield. Conclusion: A certified face shield is very important to prevent bacterial transmission. Face shields should be demonstrated and used by paramedic students.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.169-180
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• 2005

The purpose of this research was to evaluate retention of cognitive knowledge, psychomotor skills and self-confidence on CPR 3 months after CPR training program. The sample consisted of 39 nursing students. We provided one rescuer CPR training program for nursing college students on the basis of AHA. The questionnaires for knowledge of CPR were developed 50 items based on AHA guidelines. Self-confidence were checked by 11 items questionnaires. The accuracy of CPR skills were checked by Skillreporter CPR training manikin and by researcher's evaluation based on CPR skill checklist. The results were as follows ; 1. The majority of participants didn't have any previously experiences of CPR training (76.9%). Only 15.1% previously took the CPR training with CPR practice. 2. In terms of self-confidence of CPR. The score were increased for 2 days (p>.001) but retention of self confidence was significantly statistical decreased in 3 months after training (p<.001). 3. There was a statistically significant decrement in mean of knowledge of CPR between 2 days and 3 months after CPR training (p<.001). 4. There was a statistically significant decrement in cognitive knowledge of CPR based on CPR skills checklist(p<.001). 5. Retention scores of psychomotor skills of CPR 3 months after training were 42.10% in numbers of adequate ventilation, 52.81% in numbers of adequate chest compression (p<.001) respectively. 6. Retention of passing rate on chest compressions of CPR 3 months after training was 27% (p<.001), on ventilation was 2.63% (p>.001). The error items with statistically significant differences 3 months after CPR training were too little ventilation (74.36%) and too little chest compressions (92.31%). The results of the study suggest that we need further evaluation of course components which could improve retention of CPR for all trainees.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.870-874
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• 2018

선박은 해양사고 발생 시 최악의 경우 퇴선을 해야 하나 특성상 협소하고 복잡하며 해상에서 운항하므로 퇴선이 쉽지 않다. 특히, 여객선의 경우 해상에서의 안전훈련을 이수하지 않은 불특정 다수의 승객들로 인해 더욱 퇴선이 어려운 상황이 된다. 이런 경우 승무원들의 피난 유도가 상당히 중요한 역할을 하게 된다. 그리고 구조자가 사고 선박에 진입하여 구조 활동을 하는 경우 어느 구역으로 진입해야 가장 효과적인지에 대한 검토가 필요하다. 일반적으로 승무원 및 구조자는 최단경로를 택하여 이동하는 것이 일반적이나 최단 경로에 사고 상황 등이 발생했을 경우 제2의 최적 경로 선택이 필요하다. 이러한 상황을 해결하기 위해 이 연구에서는 머신러닝(Machine learning)의 기법 중에 하나인 강화학습(Reinforcement Learning)의 Q-Learning 이용하여 퇴선 경로를 산출하고자 한다. 강화학습은 인공지능(Artificial Intelligence)의 가장 핵심적인 기능으로 현재 여러 분야에 사용되고 있다. 현재까지 개발된 대부분의 피난분석 프로그램은 최단 경로를 탐색하는 기법을 사용하고 있다. 이 연구에서는 최단경로가 아닌 최적경로를 분석하기 위해 머신러닝의 강화학습 기법을 이용하였다. 향후 AI기법인 머신러닝은 자율운항선박의 최적항로 선정 및 위험요소 회피 등 다양한 해양관련 산업에 적용 가능할 것이다.