• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.291-303
• /
• 2009

According to social constructivism, group interaction is very important when students construct their knowledge. Many researchers have developed methods of teaching on the basis of group interaction because they recognized the importance of group interaction. There are a large variety of issues related to group interaction including group size, the gender and ability composition of groups, seating arrangements, textbook use, gestures, and role assignments. However, research on group interaction in science learning is still insufficient. In this study, we focused upon the emerging role of the primary leader. We investigated the primary leader's diverse role when students are solving mechanics problems. The participants were one group composed of three students in an upper-level mechanics class. To analyze these students' group interactions, their verbal interactions during meetings were videotaped and audiotaped during one-semester period. We also conducted interviews with the three students and analyzed their reports. As a result, we could find a special student who had the role of primary leader. We could also find the leader's three different leadership roles in different problem situations by inductively; explainer, facilitator and evaluator. Group interaction had different aspect according to the different role of leaders. The group interactions were the most active when the leader played the role of facilitator.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.278-283
• /
• 2013

Background: Problem-based learning (PBL) has introduced as an important part of pharmacy education in Korea as it is effective method to help students gain and apply knowledge with development of problem-solving, critical-thinking, and decision-making skills. In order to provide the effective PBL, a number of trained facilitators and suitable PBL rooms are required. However, these become a barrier in Korea as most pharmacy schools have one or two faculty members who majored in clinical pharmacy. Objective: This study was performed to implement and evaluate a modified PBL in gastrointestinal (GI) pharmacotherapy class facilitated by one instructor. Methods: A general information of traditional PBL for 6 hours through 3 days is introduced before initiating GI pharmacotherapy class. After 3 hour-GI pharmacotherapy classes for 6 weeks, modified PBL was implemented with one instructor to facilitate PBL for four small groups with 19 pharmacy students simultaneously. Modified PBL was incorporated with weekly mini-case discussion and presentation. Results: Students completed 15-question survey to evaluate modified PBL course, student performance, group performance, and facilitator performance. Eighty-four percent of students answered modified PBL was helpful to understand what they have learned. Mean score in group performance was higher than that of individual performance during modified PBL course. Overall, students reported modified PBL was useful in knowledge building. Conclusion: Modified PBL model without individual group facilitators in one classroom helped students to achieve self-directed, independent learning skills in an interactive and engaging environment.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.67-80
• /
• 2000

Distributed cooperative information system is the one that has various knowledge sources as well as problem solving capabilities to get information in a distributed and heterogeneous data environment. In a distributed cooperative information system. a control mechanism to facilitate the available information is very important. and usually the role of the control mechanism determines the behavior of the total system In this research. we proposed a model of the distributed cooperative information system which is based on the multi-agent paradigm. We also implemented a test system to show l its feasibility. The proposed system makes the knowledge sources into agents and a special agent called 'facilitator' controls the cooperation between the knowledge agents The facilitator uses the knowledge granularity level to determine the sequence of the activation of the agents. In other words. the knowledge source with simple but fast processing mechanism activates first while more sophisticated but slow knowledge sources are activated late. In an environment in which we have several knowledge sources for the same topic. the proposed system will simulate the focusing mechanism of human cognitive process.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.64-70
• /
• 2007

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the current status of outsourcing in Korean hospital information systems and the factors influencing its introduction. Methods : The authors surveyed 136 hospitals located in Seoul and its surrounding vicinities from June 7 to June 23, 2006. The facilitators and inhibitors to outsourcing in hospital information systems were derived from literature and expert reviews. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to identify the major influencing factors on outsourcing in hospital information systems. Results : Eighty-six (63.2%) of the 136 hospitals surveyed, which were mainly tertiary hospitals, responded to using outsourcing for their hospital information systems. "Hardware and software maintenance and support," "application development," and "management of service and staff" were the major areas of outsourcing. Outsourcing had been employed for $4\sim7$ years by 45.5% of the hospitals and the proportion of the budget used for outsourcing was less than 20%. A need for an extension in outsourcing was agreed on by 76.5% of the hospitals. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that both consumer satisfaction and security risk have an influence on hospital information system outsourcing. Conclusions : Outsourcing in hospital information systems is expected to increase just as in other industries. One primary facilitator to outsourcing in other industries is consumer satisfaction. We found that this was also a facilitator to outsourcing in hospital information systems. Security risk, which is usually considered an inhibitor to information technology outsourcing, was proven to be an inhibitor here as well. The results of this study may help hospital information systems establish a strategy and management plan for outsourcing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.181-187
• /
• 2007

The world is changing drastically by digital information technology and ubiquitous networking. Meanwhile, with the demographic avalanche, South Korea officially became an 'ultra-aging society' in 2026. Simultaneously, this demographic change will also stimulate a cultural climate which facilitates the formation and dissemination of 'slow culture' from the existent urban 'fast culture' which has been weakening the retirement living. One of the fundamental connections with the slow movement appears in the cooking and dining area. With this point of view, this study aims to identify the needs and behaviors of the elderly in current restaurants and a digitally planned multi-purpose one for the future. Small group workshop was employed for this study. In order to elicit detailed information from the elderly group members, scenarios were developed. A group facilitator kept the discussion on track by asking a series of open-ended questions meant to stimulate discussion. As the results, it was revealed that the elderly were interested in digitally planned restaurant which provides one-stop service including entertainment activities, health related contents and socializing with family. Even though this study took restaurant scenarios, the ideas in them also provide holistic perspectives on the direction of marketing and planning strategies on various future environments and services.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 2002

In this experiment we emphasized the cooperative small group learning and the members of my group worked together to succeed and communicate their mathematics ideas freely. The researcher(teacher) became an observer and facilitator of small group interaction, paying attention to the ongoing learning process, Sometimes the researcher suggested some investigation approach(or discovery)being written by computer software or papers. In this experiment we provided 6 activities as follows : (1) changing the conditions in given problem. (2) operating the meaningful heuristics with the problem sets. (3) creating the problem situations related to understanding (4) creating the Modeling situations. (5) creating the problem related to combinatorial thinking in real world. (6) posing some real problem from real world. we could observed several conjectures First, Attitude and chility to interpret the problem setting is highly important to pose the problem effectively. Second, Generating the understanding can be a great tool to pose the problem effectively. Third, Sometimes inquiry approach represented by software or programmed book could be some motivation to enhance the posing activities. Forth, The various posing activities relate to one concept could give the students some opportunity to be adaptable and flexible in the their approach to unfamiliar problem sets.

• Management & Information Systems Review
• /
• v.5
• /
• pp.249-285
• /
• 2000

This paper discusses management education by utilizing the cyber education learning system in a web-based. New learning system tools offer great promise for a new contents of management learning. The cyber education learning system a shift from face-to-face lecturing to interactive learning. The situation changes profoundly when information technology becomes develope and education paradigm is shift. By exploiting the digital media. educations, and students, managers can shift to a new, more effect cyber education learning system. The following shift from classic educations to cyber educations learning system: from instruction to construction, from teacher-centered to learner-centered, from school to lifelong, from one-size-fits-all to customized, from teacher as transmitter to teacher as facilitator. Cyber education learning system has an important role to play in management education. Web-based technology is regarded as a general solution to cyber education learning. This study discussed many factors of implementation in cyber education systems and provide utilizing the learning system at main, detail functions. Lastly, management implications of these cyber education utilize are discussed in more detail.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.75-85
• /
• 1999

This paper describes some major trends in primary and secondary education now. It is a selective views of significant topics with important implication for the future. These trends are summarized as follows, after examining historical development of Teaching-learning Methodology in primary and secondary education. 1. Education is seen as part of interdisciplinary world; emphasis is on relating education to the students' world, which is not compartmentalized. 2. Emphasizing students' individual growth with their own goal of lives. 3. Open-education with variable contents and purposes of education. 4. Education for all from that for some. 5. Consructivist based from behavior based. 6. Cooperative learning, peer tutoring, group projects. 7. Authentic assessment; assessment integrated with instruction. 8. The teacher is a facilitator of learning and a learner as well; students are learners and teachers in some situations; networks emerge instead of one-way forms or communication. 9. Spiral curriculum from single exposure.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.91-108
• /
• 2002

The World has been rapidly changing into either technological aspects or perception of those who has utilised to the corresponding informational impact. Whatever areas we have actually been involved in are strongly connected with this evolution of informational technology in one way or another. Logistics is not a exception as well as trade. Two main routes in distribution channel such as commercial and physical flow of goods, have been operating in terms of I-business. In order to activate E-trade with E-commerce, E-logistics should be utilised and emphasized in more efficient and effective manner of doing job as a facilitator. So, in this paper, it studied the role of E-logistics to make E-trade better work as well as to look into present situations in E-commerce. Then, it was identified that some facilities as 3PL or shipping company have to adopt information in their business process with a view of valued add service providers. This means those who have implemented E-Logistics activities, should be more competitive in the market, only when they provide the value-added total logistics services.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.27 no.8
• /
• pp.693-698
• /
• 2007

Science hands-on exhibits are increasingly popular, especially during vacation time. These exhibits hire guides to help visitors to understand the contents. In this study, the qualifications of the guides are investigated through interviews with the producers who run the exhibit. There were two main questions the researcher was interested in during the interviews. One was the importance of the science background of the guides. The second was the characteristics of guides that the producers consider important for successful exhibits. The results show that a science background is not an important qualification in the view of most of the producers. Many factors other than science, such as accountability or social skills, were considered to be of greater importance than a background in science.