• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.42
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• pp.257-290
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• 2021

The Wonju Nongyo (agricultural work song) is geographically classified as eastern minyo (folk song) which has many distinctive, regional features such as tunes, forms and the use of a melodic line. There has been growing attention to the transmission value of the nongyo including the Wonju Eorirang of the Wonju Origol Nongyo and its region of origin. The Wonju Nongyo is of great value and worthy of preservation in the western part of Gangwon Province. For this reason, it seems fairer to say that a focus should be directed towards establishing the identity of the song and increasing the contextualisation of transmission. At the same time, the preservation association's efforts in passing the traditional song down and education activities fairly deserve equal attention. In addition to the way the folk songs are handed down, a discussion on the facilitation of their use will be required. An in-depth discussion about the restoration and use of the song will be encouraged in a multifaceted manner. Unfortunately, few of the previous literatures on nongyo has gone so far as to investigate Arirang as a separate research topic. In fact, the Wonju Origol Nongyo should be viewed as an intangible cultural asset that paved the way for performance artistry of the Korean agricultural work songs to be seen at a national folk art festival. From the perspective of regional characteristics (traditionally termed "tori"), the Wonju Eorirang represents the cultural value of the manners and customs of our locals which constitute unwritten and neglected literary property and musicality of the song. Particularly, a more attention should be paid to making a record of woodcutters and diversity of farmers' small cooperative groups. The existence of the Wonju Eorirang indicates that the melodies to which the song are sung in Nongyo are of infinite variety. A minyo-singer unfolds various journeys of life through various modes and structure of epic chants, ranging from first encounter, love to marriage, realistic problems to relationship with husband's family and death. The epic chant of the Wonju Origol Nongyo contains a rich variety of regional sentiments about life. In particular, the epic chants of the Galtteukgisor and Ssoeltteukgisori are a genius example of sexual satire and a sense of humor. In the past, the agricultural work songs were rhythmic songs served to synchronize physical movements in groups, coordinating tasks in upland farming and rice paddy with the usage of catchy, repetitive verses easy to pass down. The Wonju Origol Nongyo is a precursor of the work songs which took the farming activities a notch higher to be part of the excitement and festivals. In the context of transmission, a festival serves to demonstrate the value of history and life. The value of the Wonju Eorirang should be appreciated and a concerted effort should be made to find a way to facilitate the transmission of the folk song. A folk-singer is a traditional oral poet and a storyteller of minyo and the forms and species of melody solely depend on the signer. The combination of performance and witticism is shown by the singer freely expressing himself. The Origol Nongyo symbolizes ethnic arts cleverly combining playful effects such as tune, rhythm and old agricultural work of the region. It is to be hoped that much of the efforts is directed to designating such folk songs as the archetype of a cultural heritage. In terms of the foundation on which the folk songs are transmitted, the usage(Performance Content) of a community would be an alternative.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.4
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• pp.413-420
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• 2020

We analyzed the growth characteristics of each cell line and acclimating substrate of Larix kaempferi plantlets regenerated from somatic embryos, with the goal of increasing the survival rate during the acclimation phase. Somatic embryos from three embryogenic cell lines (L14-66, L16-18, and L17-B4) were used, and the acclimating substrates were commercial soils for Larix species (Larix-Soil) and horticultural corps (Hort-Soil), Elle-pot, and Peat-plug. The average initial shoot and root length was shortest in L14-66 and longest in L17-B4. The average survival rate by cell line was highest (87.0%) in L17-B4 and lowest (64.3%) for L14-66. Survival rates by substrate were highest in Elle-pot (88.5%) and Peat-plug (88.9%). The initial shoot length of the L14-66 plantlets was highly correlated with survival rates in the Larix-Soil (r = 0.852), Hort-Soil (r = 0.692), and Elle-pot (r = 0.867) substrates, but not in Peat-plug with high total nitrogen content. The initial shoot length of the L17-B4 plantlets was not correlated with the survival rate in any of the substrates. The initial root length of the L14-66 plantlets was highly related to survival rates in the Larix-Soil (r = 0.986), Elle-pot (r = 0.846), and Peat-plug (r = 0.802) substrates, and the survival rate of the plantlets was higher as the initial root length was longer. The initial root length of the L17-B4 plantlets was related to survival rate only in the Larix-Soil (r = 0.896) and Elle-pot (r = 0.696) substrates. In conclusion, to increase the survival rate of plantlets, root length should be considered over shoot length, and it is recommended to use substrates with high nitrogen content, such as Peat-plug, or to add fertilizer, during the acclimating process. In addition, in order to increase the survival rate, lines with high initial growth should be developed.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.227-232
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• 1982

The methods determining the growth rate of mold on beans were investigated in order to compare the growth of Aspergillus oryzae on lupinseed to that on soybean. The growth of A. oryzae on cooked whole or paste form of bean substrates was evaluated by the measurements of colony diameter and hyphae length of the mold. The mold showed characteristic lag times to form the colony on different types of substrate. The growth of colony diameter was coincided with the increase in $\alpha$-amino nitrogen content of the substrate when the moisture level of the substrates was similar each other. The colony diameter and the cultivation time after the lag period showed a straight line relationship, from which the growth rate was estimated. in general, lupinseed paste allowed faster growth of A. oryzae than soybean paste at the initial growth phase. The lag time to form the colony was 24.0 hrs on lupinseed paste and 44.4 hrs on soybean paste. The growth rate after colony formation was, however, 7.05 mm/day for lupinseed paste and 8.83mm/day for soybean paste, which indicated that the growth rate after the lag period was faster on soybean compared to lupinseed. The sporulation time of the mold was related to the lag time for the colony formation. The measurement of hyphae length on whole beans could be used as a simple and rapid method of estimating the growth property of mold on different substrates.11 showed that the growth of A. oryzae was partly hindered by the thick hull of the lupinseed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1032-1032
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• 2001

Artificial Neural Network (ANN) calibration techniques have been used commercially for agricultural applications since the mid-nineties. Global models, based on transmission data from 850 to 1050 nm, are used routinely to measure protein and moisture in wheat and barley and also moisture in triticale, rye, and oats. These models are currently used commercially in approx. 15 countries throughout the world. Results concerning earlier European ANN models are being published elsewhere. Some of the findings from that study will be discussed here. ANN models have also been developed for coarsely ground samples of compound feed and feed ingredients, again measured in transmission mode from 850 to 1050 nm. The performance of models for pig- and poultry feed will be discussed briefly. These models were developed from a very large data set (more than 20,000 records), and cover a very broad range of finished products. The prediction curves are linear over the entire range for protein, fat moisture, fibre, and starch (measured only on poultry feed), and accuracy is in line with the performance of smaller models based on Partial Least Squares (PLS). A simple bias adjustment is sufficient for calibration transfer across instruments. Recently, we have investigated the possible use of ANN for a different type of NIR spectrometer, based on reflectance data from 1100 to 2500 nm. In one study, based on data for protein, fat, and moisture measured on unground compound feed samples, dedicated ANN models for specific product classes (cattle feed, pig feed, broiler feed, and layers feed) gave moderately better Standard Errors of Prediction (SEP) compared to modified PLS (MPLS). However, if the four product classes were combined into one general calibration model, the performance of the ANN model deteriorated only slightly compared to the class-specific models, while the SEP values for the MPLS predictions doubled. Brix value in molasses is a measure of sugar content. Even with a huge dataset, PLS models were not sufficiently accurate for commercial use. In contrast an ANN model based on the same data improved the accuracy considerably and straightened out non-linearity in the prediction plot. The work of Mr. David Funk (GIPSA, U. S. Department of Agriculture) who has studied the influence of various types of spectral distortions on ANN- and PLS models, thereby providing comparative information on the robustness of these models towards instrument differences, will be discussed. This study was based on data from different classes of North American wheat measured in transmission from 850 to 1050 nm. The distortions studied included the effect of absorbance offset pathlength variation, presence of stray light bandwidth, and wavelength stretch and offset (either individually or combined). It was shown that a global ANN model was much less sensitive to most perturbations than class-specific GIPSA PLS calibrations. It is concluded that ANN models based on large data sets offer substantial advantages over PLS models with respect to accuracy, range of materials that can be handled by a single calibration, stability, transferability, and sensitivity to perturbations.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.212-222
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• 1989

When the head nurse who is pivotal in the nursing service administration of the hospital performs efficiently as a first-line manager, the effectiveness of the nursing unit, which includes the quality of nursing care, the jab satisfaction of staff members, and the cohesiveness of staff members is increased. With this point of view in mind, the researcher carried out a study to determine the actual work (the content of the work, the work process, the role of the head nurse, the activity media, and the purpose of the work) of the head nurse in a university hospital in Korea. In addition, this study was also carried out for the purpose of preparing an ideal model for the work of the head nurse. The research subjects were 39 head nurses. This included all the head nurses in two university hospitals except those who were working in outpatient care, operating rooms, central supply, nursing administration, in-service education and emergency care. Data were collected from September 24th to October 21th, 1987 and April 4th to 12th, 1988. A work activity record on which the head nurse recorded directly in a chronological narrative form, was used as the research instrument. The 234 work activity records, 39 head nurse's continuous recording over 6 days(from Monday to Saturday) were collected and analysed. The results were as follows ; 1. With regard to the work content for the total daily work of the head nurse, 45.2% of the activities were managerial activities but 58.1% of the head nurse' s time was spent in direct patient care. 2. With regard to the work process of the head nurse, specifically the location, the size and membership of groups contacted, the results were as follows : 1) Of the total daily work activities 92.4% were carried out in the nursing unit and this occupied 84.5% of total daily work time. Direct patient care was generally performed on the nursing unit and managerial work was performed in other areas. 2) Of the total daily work activities, 73% was with one or more persons and 51.2% of total daily work time was spent in groups. 3) A total of 51 persons, working in different capacities were contacted. These included 21 persons giving patient care, 19 persons working in nursing unit management, and 7 persons working in human resource management. 3. With regard to the head nurse's role in work activity, 53.3% of total daily work activities involved the informational role, 26.9%, the interpersonal role and 19.9%, the decisional role. With regard to time, 57.7% was spent in the informational role, 23.9%, in the interpersonal role and 18.3%, in the decisional role. When the head nurse performed managerial work, she gave nearly equal emphasis to all three roles when she gave direct patient care the informational role was increased. 4. With regard to the activity media, the number of unscheduled activities accounted for 27.1% of the activities, scheduled activities, 24.3%, desk work activity, 22.1%, rounds, 12.5% and telephone calls, made or received, 14.0%. In daily total work time managerial work related to desk work and scheduled activities were high, ranging from 29.8% to 29.9% but for direct patient care time, scheduled activities and unscheduled activities were high, ranging from 23.6％ to 35.3%. 5. With regard to the purpose of the work performed, 54.4% of the total daily work was concerned with the team and 41.4% was concerned with the agency. The managerial work was concerned mainly with the team and the direct patient care was concerned mainly with the patient. When the frequency of an activity and time were compared no significant difference was found between the days for which the work was recorded for any of the variables : the work content, the work process, the work role, the activity media and purpose of the work. On the basis of this study the following are proposed as an ideal model for head nurse work in Korea : The managerial work should be increased to 70%. The decisional role activities should be increased to 40%. Twenty percent of the work activity should be allocated to agency, community and profession. It is believed that this model for the head nurse's work can contribute to guidelines for job description development. Finally, educational programs, organizational and structural devices, and administrative support are needed for the proper function of the head nurse in this proposed model.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1084-1091
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• 2015

Aquaculture of olive flounder started in the middle of 1980's and now farming has been taken place in many places along the coastal line in Korea. The taste of olive flounder has a good chewy texture because of high collagen content, low fat content, so it is popular for sliced raw fish. Olive flounder is popular among Koreans but the consumption pattern is uniformly so as to be used as sliced raw fish but not other ways. So, now there needs to develop high valued-processed food using olive flounder. This study was set to investigate the processing of terrine by using olive flounder, in which terrine is French style meat loaf that is well favored around the world. In this study, terrine was prepared by chopping olive flounder meat with 39 g egg white and 10 mL fresh cream (per 50 g fillet) and then seasoned with 5 mL lemon juice, 5 mL brandy, 0.05 g salt and 0.05 g pepper. The 25 g of dough was placed on a vinyl wrap, put with 2 g cheese, and layered an another 25 g dough, and then rolled up and wrapped by aluminium foil. Two different cooking methods were used for terrine processing in this study. Terrine-1 was cooked by vacuum sealed in polyethylene film ($20{\times}30{\times}0.05mm$) after boiling for 5 min and stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. Terrine-2 was prepared by vacuum sealed in polyethylene film ($20{\times}30{\times}0.05mm$) and stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. After 7 days, Terrine-1 was thawed and then heated up in microwave for 2 min (Sample-1), while Terrine-2 was thawed and then boiled in water for 5 min (Sample-2). Viable bacterial count, chemical composition, pH, salinity, hardness, TBA, free amino acid content, and sensory evaluation were measured for both Sample-1 and Sample-2. Especially, the scores of sensory evaluation of Sample-2 is slightly higher than that of Sample-1. On the other hand, there were no significant differences on color, odor, taste, texture, and overall acceptance between Sample-1 and Sample-2.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.1258-1265
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• 2007

Metabolizable energy (ME) required for basal metabolism, activity and growth was considered as the criterion for targeting specific increases in body weight (100 g/week) of broiler chicks during the grower phase (5-20 weeks) and its impact was evaluated on breeder performance. Broiler female chicks (460) from a synthetic dam line were randomly distributed to 4 test groups with 23 replicates of 5 birds each and housed in cages. The first group (ME-100) was offered a calculated amount of ME by providing a measured quantity of grower diet (160 g protein and 2,600 kcal ME/kg) which increased with age and weight gain (133-294 kcal/bird/day). The other three groups were offered 10 or 20% less ME (ME-90 and ME-80, respectively) and 10% excess ME (ME-110) over the control group (ME-100). From 21 weeks of age, a single breeder diet (170 g protein and 2,600 kcal ME/kg) was uniformly fed to all groups and the impact of grower ME restriction on breeder performance evaluated up to 58 weeks. The targeted body weight gain of 1,600 g in a 16-week period was achieved by pullets of the ME-100 group almost one week earlier by gaining 8.7 g more weight per week. However, pullets in the ME-90 group gained 1,571 g during the same period, which was closer to the targeted weight. At 20 weeks of age, the conversion efficiency of feed (5.21-5.37), ME (13.9-14.1 kcal/g weight gain) and protein (0.847-0.871 g/g weight gain), eviscerated meat yield, giblet and tibia weights were not influenced by ME restriction, but the weights of abdominal fat and liver were higher with increased ME intake. Reduction of ME by 10% in the grower period significantly delayed sexual maturity (169.3 d), but increased egg production (152.5 /bird) with better persistency. Improved conversion efficiency of feed, ME and protein per g egg content were also observed in this group up to 56 weeks. The fertility and hatchability at 58 weeks of age were higher in the ME-90 group compared to the control and 10% excess ME feeding. In conclusion, the present study revealed the possibility of achieving targeted weight gain in broiler growers by feeding measured quantities of ME during the rearing period with consequential benefits in breeder performance.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.41-52
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• 2022

Education for an organization is implemented to improve the organizational and each individual's performance. However, the actual results are not as expected. Accordingly, this study is committed to investigate the education related factors that have impact on the organizational performance, which is defined by the trainee's organizational commitment and work performance. Based on the acquired knowledge, we suggest things to consider when designing corporate training for performance creation. First, it is investigated whether the task value and job relevance(educational content characteristics) and the degree of support for education within the company(organizational characteristics) affect learning-transfer of trainees. After that, the causal relationship from the learning-transfer to organizational commitment and work performance(organizational effectiveness) is analyzed. In this overall process, the effect of on-/off-line education is analyzed and compared. As a result, it is found that the task value, the job relevance, and organizational compensation have a significant impact on the learning-transfer, and the learning-transfer has impact on organization commitment and work performance. In addition, the moderating effect of the on-/off- education is identified. This study is conducted only with franchise enterprises and as a future study, a more general sampling is required to extend this work.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.49-58
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• 2015

PURPOSES : The use of environmentally friendly construction methods has been recently encouraged to reduce fuel consumption and the effects of global warming. For this purpose, the roller compacted concrete pavement (RCCP) construction method has been developed. RCCP is more environmentally friendly and economically efficient than general concrete by reducing the amount of CO2 generated through the application of a smaller amount of cement. RCCP has a number of advantages such as an easy construction method, low cost, high structural hydration performance, and aggregate interlocking. However, mix design standards and construction guidelines of RCCP are required for domestic application. In addition, a study on aggregate selection, which has an effect on the characteristics of RCCP, is necessary owing to a limited number of researches. Thus, the aggregate effect on the performance of RCCP in securing the required strength and workability was evaluated in consideration of domestic construction. METHODS : Sand and coarse aggregates of both 19mm and 13mm in maximum size were used in this study. Four types of aggregate gradations (s/a = 30%, 58%, and 70% for the sand and coarse aggregate of 19mm in maximum size, and s/a = 50% for a combination of the three types of aggregates) were set up to investigate the effects of the PCA band on the RCC characteristics. The conditions of s/a = 30% and 70% were evaluated to check the gradation effect outside of the recommended band. The conditions of s/a = 58% and 50% were used because they are the optimum combination of the two and three types of aggregates, respectively. RCCP gradation band was suggested gradation with a proper construction method of RCCP by synthetically comparing and analyzing the correlation of optimum water content, maximum dry density, and strength of requirements through its consistency and compaction test. RESULTS : The lower and upper limit lines are insufficient to secure a relatively strong development and workability compared to an aggregate gradation in the RCCP gradation band region. On the other hand, the line in the RCCP gradation band and the 0.45 power curve in the RCCP gradation band region were satisfactory, ensuring the required strength and workability. CONCLUSIONS : The suitable aggregate gradation on RCCP process should meet the RCCP gradation band area; however, fine particles passing through a #60 sieve do not need to be within the recommended gradation band because the influence of this region on such fine particles is small.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.1184-1191
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• 2011

We attempted to generate a linkage map using Illumina Porcine 60K SNP Beadchip genotypes of the $F_2$ offspring from Korean native pig (KNP) crossed with Yorkshire (YS) pig, and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) using the line-cross model. Among the genotype information of the 62,136 SNPs obtained from the high-density SNP analysis, 45,308 SNPs were used to select informative markers with allelic frequencies >0.7 between the KNP (n = 16) and YS (n = 8) F0 animals. Of the selected SNP markers, a final set of 500 SNPs with polymorphic information contents (PIC) values of >0.300 in the $F_2$ groups (n = 252) was used for detection of thirty meat quality-related QTL on chromosomes at the 5% significance level and 10 QTL at the 1% significance level. The QTL for crude protein were detected on SSC2, SSC3, SSC6, SSC9 and SSC12; for intramuscular fat and marbling on SSC2, SSC8, SSC12, SSC14 and SSC18; meat color measurements on SSC1, SSC3, SSC4, SSC5, SSC6, SSC10, SSC11, SSC12, SSC16 and SSC18; water content related measurements in pork were detected on SSC4, SSC6, SSC7, SSC10, SSC12 and SSC14. Additional QTL of pork quality traits such as texture, tenderness and pH were detected on SSC6, SSC12, SSC13 and SSC16. The most important chromosomal region of superior pork quality in KNP compared to YS was identified on SSC12. Our results demonstrated that a QTL linkage map of the $F_2$ design in the pig breed can be generated with a selected data set of high density SNP genotypes. The QTL regions detected in this study will provide useful information for identifying genetic factors related to better pork quality in KNP.