• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.118-124
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• 2020

Background: The poultry industry in Pakistan has flourished since the 1960s; however, there are scarce data regarding the impact of occupational exposure on the pulmonary health of farm workers in terms of years working in the industry. The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of poultry environment on the health of occupationally exposed poultry farmers in countries of warm climatic regions, such as Pakistan. This study will also show the effect of exposure to poultry facilities on the health of poultry farmers in the context of low-income countries with a relatively inadequate occupational exposure risk management. Materials and methods: The lung function capacity of 79 poultry workers was measured using a spirometer. Along with spirometry, a structured questionnaire was also administrated to obtain information about age, height, weight, smokers/nonsmokers, years of working experience, and pulmonary health of farm workers. The workers who were directly involved in the care and handling of birds in these intensive facilities were considered and divided into four groups based on their years of working experience: Group I (3-10 months), Group II (1-5 years), Group III (6-10 years), and Group IV (more than 11 years). The forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and the FEV1/FVC ratio were considered to identify lung function abnormalities. Statistical analysis was carried out using independent sample t test, Chi-square test, Pearson's correlation, and linear regression. Results: Based on the performed spirometry, 68 (86 %) of workers were found normal and healthy, whereas 11 (14 %) had a mild obstruction. Of the 11 workers with mild obstruction, the highest number with respect to the total was in Group IV (more than 11 years of working experience) followed by Group III and Group II. Most of the workers were found healthy, which seems to be because of the healthy survivor effect. For the independent sample t test, a significant difference was noticed between healthy and nonhealthy farmers, whereas Chi-square test showed a significant association with height, drugs, and working experience. Linear regression that was stratified by respiratory symptoms showed for workers with symptoms, regression models for all spirometric parameters (FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC) have better predictive power or R square value than those of workers without symptoms. Conclusion: These findings suggest that lung function capacity was directly related to years of working experience. With increasing number of working years, symptoms of various respiratory problems enhanced in the poultry workers. It should be noted that most of the poultry workers were healthy and young, the rationale being that there is a high turnover rate in this profession. The mobility in this job and our finding of 86% of the healthy workers in the present study also proposed healthy worker survivor effect.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.291-296
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• 1993

Taking a bledes axle of rotary tiller as a example, this paper discusses influences of four loading essential factors, which are strengthened amplitude, cycle times, loading sequence and loading frequency. in fatigue life. Determination principles of above four factors and monitoring methods of fatigue damage by local strain are dealt with. The actual field testing check of farm machinery is rapidly simulated by laboratory program fatigue test can shorten the period of development and improvement of a product. In the time of in-door simulation test, damage monitoring and four loading essential factors, which are strengthened amplitude , cycle times, loading sequence and loading frequency, have to be dealt with . If these problems are solved successfully, it is possible to accelerated test speed, reduce costs and manhours, and raise accuracy of test result. However strengthening method, loading pattern and influence of loading frequency on test result have not so far been discu sed systematically, damage monitoring is even more a difficult problem. Authors have studied above problems with the object of blades axle of rotary tiller.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.72-84
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• 2017

This study aims to investigate how the service quality of a farm party affects the cognitive and emotional images of the farmhouse and revisit intentions by designing a research model and testing hypotheses. First, findings of the test show that when it comes to service quality, the physical environment and program contents of farm party have an effect on the cognitive image of the farmhouse while the qualification of party operators does not. Second, the physical environment of the party and party operator's qualification affect the emotional image but the program contents has no effect. Third, The cognitive and emotional images have an effect on the revisit intentions. It is certain that the farm party serves as cultural contents facilitating the rural economy and an emerging business model in the rural tourism. When we approach the farm party as a business model to provide service, not cultural contents as party, however, farmhouses may build a positive image as a new tourist destination and also see their economy facilitated. This study looks into Seoul and Gyeonggi areas and thus is geographically limited and does not cover national phenomenon.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.263-268
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• 2012

From the end of July 2012, several cases of abortion have been happened at the Korean indigenous cattle farm with 124 heads in Chungbuk province, Korea. Serological tests such as Rose-bengal test (RBT) and standard tube agglutination test (STAT) have been performed according to the standard official protocols of bovine brucellosis and 41 cattle turned out to be brucellosis-positive simultaneously. To find out the main factors of brucellosis outbreaks and spreads, additional serological, etiological and molecular investigation were applied. Totally, 11 B. abortus were isolated from 10 cattle's specimens including lymph-nodes and/or testis, and drinking water in cowhouse. In genotyping by multi-locus VNTR assay (MLVA) using 17 loci markers, the present B. abortus isolates were shown all the same pattern, D1 genotype, which has been reported in Gyeonggi and Gangwon province, Korea. These results suggest that the input of brucellosis might come from neighboring farms directly or indirectly, even if by unknown factor and expansion within farm would accelerate by materials related with aborting cows.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.85-94
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• 2018

For the design of wind-power facilities, the highest and lowest astronomical tides (HAT and LAT, respectively) are needed for the tidal-water levels regarding international designs; however, the approximate highest high water and approximate lowest low water AHHW and ALLW, respectively, have been used in Korea. The HAT and LAT in the wind-farm test-bed sea should be estimated to satisfy the international standard. In this study, the HAT and LAT are therefore estimated using the hourly tidal-elevation data of the Eocheongdo, Anmado, Younggwang, Gunsan, Janghang, and Seocheon tidal-gauging stations that are located in the adjacent coastal sea. The nodal variation patterns of the major lunar components, such as $M_2$, $O_1$, and $K_1$ are analyzed to check the expected long-term lunar cycle, i.e., 18.61 year's nodal-variation patterns. The temporal amplitude variations of the $M_2$, $O_1$, and $K_1$ clearly show the 18.61-years periodic patterns in the case of the no-nodal correction condition. In addition, the suggested HAT and LAT elevations, estimated as the upper and lower confidence limits of the yearly HAT and LAT elevations, are 50 cm greater than the AHHW and 40 cm lower than the ALLW, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.305-318
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• 1998

Smoothing tests based on an L$_2$ error between a truncated courier series estimator and a true function have shown good powers for a wide class of alternatives, These tests have the same form of the Neyman smooth test whose performance depends on the selected order, a basis, the farm of estimators. We construct flexible data driven Neyman smooth tests by changing a basis, combining model selection criteria and different series estimators. A simulation study shows that the generalized Neyman smooth test with the best basis provides good power for a wider class of alternatives compared with other data driven Neyman smooth tests based on a fixed form of estimator, a fixed basis and a fixed criterion.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2014

Thirteen diary cows were diagnosed as bovine tuberculosis (BTB) based on pathological findings and PCR method from 74 diary cows slaughtered in Incheon city. BTB was outbreaked 9 times in the farm from March 2010 to June 2013. The BTB confirmed cows were all negatives by intradermal test with PPD at 3 times. Recently, disagreement between BTB outbreak and intradermal test has been raised as a big problem. This phenomenon suggest that a new control programs are necessary at farm level as well as diagnostic level.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.12
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• pp.2349-2353
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• 2009

Due to high oil price and global warming of the earth, investments for renewable energy have been increased a lot continuously. Specially, wind power has been received a great attention in the world. In order to construct a new wind farm, forecasting of wind power generation is essential for a feasibility test. This paper investigates wind velocity measurement data of Gosan weather station which located in Hankyung of Jeju island. This paper presents results of estimation of wind power generation using digital weather forecast provided from Korea meteorological administration, and the accuracy of the wind power forecasting by comparison between forecasted data and actual wind power data.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.42-49
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• 2008

제주 행원 풍력발전단지 내의 풍력발전시스템을 대상으로 연도별 풍력발전시스템의 운전특성과 고장원인이 분석되었다. 이용된 데이터는 2005년과 2006년 4월에서 9월 사이의 기상데이터와 풍력발전기의 운전데이터이다. 그 결과, 풍력자원은 해에 따라 변동이 있음을 확인할 수 있었고, 풍력발전기의 발전량 역시 해에 따라 변동함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 풍력발전기의 고장 또는 정지로 인하여 발전량이 떨어지고 있음을 확인하였고, 후류로 인한 발전량 손실도 추정할 수 있었다. 같은 해에 풍력발전기 1, 2호기를 운전 개시하였지만, 고장 또는 정지원인은 일관성이 없이 다양함을 알 수 있었다. 이 연구에서 시스템이 가장 많은 시간동안 정지한 원인은 기어박스와 요잉장치의 고장으로 분석되었다.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.612-622
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sex, birth year, birth season, and parity of sows on their progeny using the following on-farm test records: Backfat Thickness (BF), Fresh Meat Percent (FMP), Loin depth (LD), Age at 90kg (90D), and Average Daily Gain (ADG). Statistical analysis was performed using data collected from 1,178 Yorkshire and 13,395 Landrace progenies, which were born from 119 Yorkshire and 1,191 Landrace sows, respectively between 2011 and 2015. All results of the analysis were statistically significant (P < 0.05) except the birth season effect on LD. For Landrace, the highest ratings were found to be at the $5^{th}$ parity (BF), at the $3^{rd}$ parity (FMP and LD), at the $2^{nd}$ parity (90D and ADG). For Yorkshire, the highest ratings were at the $2^{nd}$ parity (BF and FMP), at the $3^{rd}$ parity (LD), and at the $4^{th}$ parity (90D and ADG). Although the ratings of carcass traits of progeny appear to be higher between the maternal sow's $2^{nd}$ and $4^{th}$ progenitor, no significant relations to parity were found. Based on these results, we concluded that maternal parity is not significantly affect carcass traits of progeny and thus that the best slaughtering age of sows should not be determined solely based on maternal parity but also in consideration of other factors such as unit costs of production. The results of this study would provide fundamental information to future studies on the effect of economical parity on sows and swine breeding.