• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.313-322
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore adult diabetics' eating styles and factors which influence them. Method: The study adopted an ethnographic method based on a perspective which views the eating style as a cultural phenomenon. Data was collected through a personal interview, participant observation, and documented materials from Oct.2001 to Sept. 2002. In this study, fifteen adult diabetics, with an average age of 57, participated. Data analysis was done by the Spradley's taxonomic analysis technique. Result: The patients' eating styles were rooted in their viewpoint on illness as well as the meaning of food. Eating styles were classified into 4 types: Pathology-centered, symptom-centered, need-centered, and role-centered. Conclusion: A conventional approach to the treatment and management of diabetes did not consider the patient's inner world which may play an important role in the successful management of the disease. We found that it was critical for health care personnel to understand patients' values, beliefs and their way of life in order to facilitate the most successful self-care diet.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1427-1436
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the influencing factor on Symptoms of Stress of Middle Aged Women. The subjects of this study were 35 middle aged women who lives in Seattle, Washington in U.S, and 74 middle aged women who lives in Seoul. Data collection was performed at the University of Washington and Seoul from Oct. 1998 to May. 1999. Data collected through 4 types of questionnaires : SOS, Ways of Coping, Mood Status, Perceived Stress. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The stress symptoms showed positive correlation with emotion-oriented coping, mood status, and perceives stress. 2. Stepwised multiple regression analysis revealed that most powerful predictor of Stress Symptoms was mood status. A combination of perceived stress, mood status and ways of coping account for 64% of the variance in Symptoms of stress in Middle aged women. From the results of the study, the following recommendations are presented as follow: 1. It is necessary to replicate this study with a larger sample. 2. It is necessary to develop a stress management program focused on ways of coping, mood status, perceived stress for middle aged women.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.1193-1203
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the current status of utilization and costs of home health nursing care by the levels of medical institutes in Korea. Method: A secondary analysis of existing data was used from the national electronic data information(EDI) of 148 home health agencies for 6 months from May to Oct 2005 in total. Result: The 148 agencies had multiple services in cerebral infaction, essential hypertension, sequoia of cerebrovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, etc.. The highest 10 rankings of 76 categories of home health nursing services were composed of 96.4% of the total services, such as simple treatment, inflammatory treatment, urethra & bladder irrigation, inserting indwelling catheter etc., in that order. The highest 20 rankings of 226 categories of home examination services were composed of 77.0% of the total home examination services. In addition, the average cost of home health care per visit was 46,088 Won (${\fallingdotseq}$ 48 $, 1 $=960 Won). The costs ranged from 74,523 Won (${\fallingdotseq}$78 $, loss of chronic kidney function, N18) to 32,270 Won (${\fallingdotseq}$34 $, other cerebrovascular diseases, 167). Conclusion: Results suggest that client characteristics of hospital based HHNC are not different from community based HHNC or visiting nursing services for elderly. The national results will contribute to baseline data used to establish a policy for the home health nursing care system and education.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 1980

A Study on environmental factors influencing blood pressure control of a patient with essential pressure hyper -tension was conduct to the identification of differences of demographic characteristics, socioeconomic factors and living habits. This study was performed on 219 cases who were divided into two groups from Sept. 14 to Oct. 20, 1979. One is the group with complication in the departments of internal medicine and outpatient of 7 hospitals in Seoul. The other is the group without complication in the same places as above. The instrument applied to this study consists of 19 items amended through preliminary test after consideration of related literatural review and Nursing History made by Smith (1965）. The materials were analyzed by computer program. The findings were as follows : 1. The group with complication had more sleep disturbances than the group without complication 2. The group with complication used more short term coping method on stress than the group without complication. 3. The group with complication had a tendency to more intake of salt, fat, alcohols and cigretts than the group without complition, but there were no significant differences between two groups. 4. The group with complication were lower social class than the group without complication. 5. The group with complication were more single(Death of spouse, Divorce, Separation) in marital status than the group without complication.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.9-21
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• 1981

The purpose of this study was to observe and describe the maternal attachment behavior during the mother's first interactions with her newborn and define the factors contributing to differences in maternal attachment behavior. Observations of the mother's first interaction with her newborn can offer valuable information about the mother-infant relationship, and it provides an opportunity for planning individulized care for them. Data was collected from Sep. 1, 1950 to Oct.30, 1980 at Ewha Womans University Hospital. Maternal attachment behaviors of healthy full-term infants were observed and recorded on the .maternal attachment tool and analysed by the use of means, standard deviations and ANEVA test. The following trends of maternal behaviors were observed: 1. Identifying behaviors was the predominant mode and all of the mothers inspects baby's body features. 2. Modalities of interaction, that is, touching was initiated on the babies extremities and heads (57.3%) rather than the trunks (8.7%) and mothers touched their infants with their fingertips (58.2%) more than palm touching (14.6%) 3. Care-taking activities performed by the mother were negligible at the first interaction. 4. Parity of mother, sex of infant, age of mother, planned pregnancy, length of visits by mother to infant appeared to have significant influence on the maternal attachment behaviors.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 1999

To investigate the water quality characteristics and eutrophication of the Keum River, survey were conducted on samples collected from 6 stations in Aug. and Oct. in 1995 and Jan. and May in 1996. The results were summarized as follows ; Concentration of pollutants were in the range of 1.74~6.35(mean 3.81)mg/$\ell$for BOD and 1.98~8.21(5.14)mg/$\ell$for COD and 1.46~51.94(18.52)g/$\ell$for TSS. Water quality were evaluate to be 2~3 grade of station 1 and other stations were 3~4 grade of water quality criteria. The concentration of nutrients were in the range of 55.2~735.3(309.3)$\mu\textrm{g}$-at/$\ell$for Dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) and 0.06~6.03(2.80)$\mu\textrm{g}$-at/$\ell$ for dissolved inorganic phosphate(DIP). Nutrient concentrations in Keum River were usually high and the DIN/DIP ratio ranged from 72 to 2648. The concentration of chlorophyll-a was in the range of 1.1~143.7(44.3)mg/㎥. Chlorophyll-a concentration were high 10mg/㎥ except station 1, which is the value of eutrophication criteria by EPA. Correlations between nutrients and chlorophlly-a were not significant. According to eutrophication evaluation, Keum river was equivalent to the eutrophic state.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.108-115
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• 1991

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of cattle compost application on the change of soil physical properties and their relationship to yield performance of selected main forage crops. Maize(CV. Suweon 19) and sorghum hybrids(CV. Pioneer 9'31) as a summer crops and winter rye were grown on newly reclaimed red yellow soils(Fine loamy, Typic Hapludults) under different application rate of cattle compost associated with chemical NPK fertilization, from Oct. 1986 to Sept. 1989. Experimental field was laid down as a split plots design with four replications. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Cattle compost application reclaimed soil physical propeties, such as formation of granular structure and water holding capacity, and it result in a great increase of plant growth and the rate of dry matter accumulation. 2. While cattle compost treatment reduced the portion of soild phase of the three phase constituents of soils, it increased the portion of air phase and liquid phase comparatively. 3. Organic matter, N, P, K, and mineral content in soil were markedly increased in the plot treated with compost. 4. Cattle compost application increased fodder production both in maize-rye and sorghum hybrids-rye cultivation. Annual dry matter yield of maize-rye cropping was 2183(NI'K only), 2425(NPK+compvst 3000 kg) and 2800kg/lOa(NPK + compost 6000kg/10a).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 1988

The botanical, chemical composition and dry matter digestibility of collected herbage samples from sheep fitted esophageal fistula were compared to those of offered herbage samples by the sown pasture, oversown pasture and forest pasture at the 3rd flush stage (25cm grass height). Experimental fields was treated by one plot design and lasted from Aug. 1987 to Oct. 1987 at Chungnam National University, Daejon. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The botanical composition of collected herbage samples was different from offered herbage samples and this difference seemed to depend on diet selection. 2. The sheep consistantly selected more ladino clover than orchardgrass and tall fescue. 3. Crude protein content of collected herbage samples was high (P<0.01) and NDF content was low (P<0.01) on the sown and oversown pastures but forest diets contained more crude fat content (P<0.05) and less crude protein and NDF content (P<0.01) than offered herbage samples. 4. Dry matter digestibility of collected herbage samples was higher than offered herbage samples (P<0.0 1) and this difference was found out among pasture types.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.817-823
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• 1997

Suckling piglets and weaned pigs showed anorexia, dehydration, severe abdominal breathing, emaciation and paresis from Oct. 1993. to Nov. 1993. Five 2-week-old piglets were submitted for diagnosis in Kangwon National University. At necropsy, the pin-point well demarcated yellowish white foci were scattered on the surface of the lung, heart, liver, spleen and kidney. Histologically, multifocal areas of necrosis with mononuclear cells infiltration were found in the lung, heart, liver, lymph node, spleen, kidney and small intestine. These lesions tended to be associated with blood vessels. Variable round to ovoid tachyzoites were located at the periphery of the lesions. The organisms were demonstrated as Toxoplasma gondii by immunohistochemical staining method. Ultrastructurally, this parasite was surrounded with parasitophorous vacuole in alveolar macrophage. The parasite was crescent-shaped and $6{\sim}8{\times}1{\sim}2{\mu}m$ in size. It was enclosed by an thick outer membrane and an underlying thin inner membrane. Several club-shaped paired organelles and conoids lay in the cytoplasm at the anterior. Numerous round body and one to several mitochondria were presented in the cytoplasm. Based on the gross findings, histopathology, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic findings, this case was diagnosed as toxoplasmosis in piglets.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.536-543
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• 1987

The Fontan procedure was physiological correction which was initially applied to tricuspid atresia. We had used the modified Fontan operation in 8 cases at National Medical Center, Seoul, from Aug. 1984 to Oct. 1986. Age range was 20 months to 15 years [mean: 9 years] and male: female ratio was 5:3. 5 patients had tricuspid atresia [lb: 2 cases, Ic: 1 case, lib: 1 case, & llc: 1 case], 2 Patients had univentricular heart of left ventricular type, and one patient had transposition of great arteries with complete endocardial cushion defect. The operative principle was direct anastomosis between right atrium and pulmonary artery, whether main pulmonary artery or right pulmonary artery without any conduits. Postoperatively all patients needed high central venous pressure for adequate hemodynamic status in both survival [20-24 CmH2O] and mortality groups [20-24 CmH2O]. The fatal complications were as follows: empyema with bronchopleural fistula [1 case], bleeding tendency & brain damage [1 case], low cardiac output syndrome & acute renal failure [2 cases], and right to left shunt of unknown origin [1 case]. There were 5 hospital deaths; 3 of 5 tricuspid atresia patients, 1 of 2 univentricular heart patients, and 1 of 1 transposition of great arteries with complete endocar4ial cushion defect patient. The overall mortality was 62.5%. 3 survivors were nearly compatible with Choussat & Fontan criteria. Thus appropriate patient selection and experienced surgical technique were required for good results.