• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.353-378
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to find factors to affect on the formation of semantic relation from terminology and what is to be affected by these factors to build the database scheme of terminology dictionary by a structural definition. In this research, 826,905 keywords of 88,874 social science articles and 985,580 keywords of 125,046 humanities science articles in the KCI journals from 2007 to 2011 were collected. From collected data, subject complexity, structural hole, term frequency, occurrence pattern and an effect between the number of nodes and the number of patterns which were derived from the semantic relation of linked terms of established 'STNet' System were analyzed. The summarized results from analyzed data and network patterns are as follows. Betweenness Centrality, term frequency, and effective size affect the numbers of semantic relation node. Among these factors, betweenness centrality was the most effective and effective size. But term frequency was the least effective. Betweenness Centrality, term frequency, and effective size affect the numbers of semantic relation type. Term frequency is the most effective. Therefore, when building a terminology dictionary, factors of betweenness centrality, term frequency, effective size, and complexity of subject are needed to select term. As a result, these factors can be expected to improve the quality of terminology dictionary.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.952-961
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• 2003

In the first part of the study, rates of estrus occurrence and success of A.I. service in the Thai-native and Friesian crossbred, and purebred Friesian cows fed in the National Dairy Training and Applied Research Institute in Chiang Mai, Thailand were traced monthly throughout a year. An electric fan and a water sprinkler cooled the stall for the purebred cows during the hot season (March-September). Both rates in pure Friesians were at their highest in the cold-dry season (October- February), but they decreased steadily during the hot-dry season (March-May) and were at their lowest in the hot-wet season (June-September). Seasonal change of a similar pattern was observed in the incidence of estrus, but not in the success rate of insemination in the crossbred cows. By the use of reproductive data, compiled in the same institute, on the 75 % cross- and purebred Friesian cows, and climatological data in Chiang Mai district, effects of ambient temperature and humidity on the reproductive traits of cows were examined by regression analysis in the second half of the study. Significant relationships in the crossbred, expressed by positive-linear and parabola regressions, were found between reproductive parameters such as days to the first estrus (DTFE), A.I. service (DTFAI), and conception, the number of A.I. services required for conception and some climatic factors. However, regarding this, no consistent or intelligible results were obtained in purebred cows, perhaps because electric fans and water sprinklers were used for this breed in the hot season. Among climatic factors examined, the minimum temperature (MINT) in early lactation affected reproductive activity most conspicuously. As the temperature during one or two months prior to the first estrus and A.I. service rose, DTFE and DTFAI steadily became longer, although, when MINT depleted below $17-18^{\circ}C$, the reproductive interval tended to be prolonged again on some occasions. The maximum temperature also affected DTFE and DTFAI, but only in limited conditions. The effect of humidity was not clear, although the inverse relationship between DTFE and minimum humidity during 2 months before the first estrus in the crossbred seemed to be significant. Failure to detect any definite effect of climate on the reproductive traits of pure Friesians seemed to indicate that forced ventilation by electric fans and water sprinklers were effective enough to protect the reproductive ability of this breed from the adverse effects of a hot climate.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.23-47
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• 2015

In the Korea stock market, individual investors have perceived stock as short arbitrage investment, not long-term investment strategy. In order to reinforce stock market transparency and soundness, it is important to enforce the measures for stock market management. Especially, stock market event caused by financial policy can be given individual investors negative information regarding a stock trading. Thus, it is a need for investigating whether comprehensive review of listing eligibility is influenced on individual investors' responses and stock behaviors in respect of effectiveness. The purpose of this study to examine the relations between such stock market management and transitional aspect of individual investors' trading types and response on the based of pre- and post-event occurrence. Using an dataset of user's text messages on 9 firms posted on the firm-based social media (i.e., Naver, Daum, Paxnet) over the period 2009 to 2014. And we performed text-clustering and topic modeling according to keywords for classifying into investors group and non-investors groups and two types of investors were categorized depending on main topic transition by event windows in Comprehensive review of listing eligibility. The results indicated that a variety of stockholders existed in the stock. And the ratio of non-investors group was on the decrease, on the other hand, the proportion of investors group veer onto the side of pre-pattern after comprehensive review of listing eligibility. A distinctive feature of our study is to explain the influence of stock market management on response changes of individual investors as well as to categorize in accordance with time progression. Implications an suggestions for future research were also discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.101-113
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• 2010

Recently actual rainfall pattern is decreasing rainy days and increasing in rainfall intensity and the frequency of flood occurrence is also increased. To consider recent situation, Engineers use deterministic methods like a PMP(Probable Maximum Precipitation). If design storm wouldn't occur, increasing of design criteria is extravagant. In addition, the biggest structure cause trouble with residents and environmental problem. And then it is necessary to study considering probability of rainfall parameter in each sub-basin for design of water structure. In this study, stochastic rainfall patterns are generated by using log-ratio method, Johnson system and multivariate Monte Carlo simulation. Using the stochastic rainfall patterns, hydrological analysis, hydraulic analysis and 2nd flooding analysis were performed based on GIS for their applicability. The results of simulations are similar to the actual damage area so the methodology of this study should be used about making a flood risk map or regidental shunting rout map against the region.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.291-300
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the relationship of occurrence and distribution of Eupatorium rugosum by forest types and soil characteristics in Mt. Namsan in Seoul, Korea. E. rugosum is designated as a harmful non-indigenous plant in ecosystem by the Natural Environment Conservation Act in Korea. E. rugosum grew along roadside and in valleys with some favorable light conditions. E. rugosum occurred in aggregations under Pinus densiflora and Robinia pseudoacacia communities. And it was sparse in forests of Quercus mongolica and P. koraiensis. The representative herb layer species were Oplismenus undulatifolius, and Parthenocissus tricuspidata in the E. rugosum communities. There was a significantly negative correlation between the coverage of E. rugosum and the coverage of tree layer. However, the result of ANOVA of E. rugosum coverage by dominant species of tree layers did not show a significant difference (p>0.05). The level of soil moisture content, organic content, and pH, was slightly higher in communities with E. rugosum than without, but it was statistically non-significant difference. However, it was found that the coverage of E. rugosum was very significantly negative correlated with the depth of top soil profile (litter and fermentation layer, p<0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.450-455
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• 2010

The study had two objectives, namely, to estimate the andrological disorders leading to disposal of Karan Fries (KF), Sahiwal cattle and Murrah buffalo bulls and to study the effect of various factors (species/breeds, season of birth and period of birth) on male reproductive parameters. Records on occurrence of subfertility problems and disposal pattern of bulls maintained at the National Dairy Research Institute herd were collected for 15 years (1991 to 2005). Percentage of bulls producing freezable semen was less in the crossbred cattle (58.46%) as compared to Sahiwal (81.69%) and Murrah bulls (81.05%). Various subfertility traits like poor libido and unacceptable seminal profile were found to be the significant reasons (p<0.01) for culling of the breeding bulls. Inadequate sex drive was the main contributing factor for bull disposal in Sahiwal (22.55%) and Murrah bulls (15.12%) whereas poor semen quality and freezability were most frequently observed in KF bulls (24.29 and 7.29 percent, respectively). Least squares analyses of different male reproductive parameters showed that species/breeds had significant effect (p<0.05) on all traits except for frozen semen production periods (FSPP). Periods of birth were significantly different (p<0.05) for all traits except for semen volume. Age at first semen collection (AFSC), age at first semen freezing (AFSF) and age at disposal (AD) were highest in Murrah, while frozen semen production period (FSPP) and semen production period (SPP) were highest in KF and lowest in Sahiwal. The age at first semen donation and breeding period could be reduced by introducing the bulls to training at an early age. These results revealed a declining trend in AFSC, AFSF, FSPP, SPP and AD, thereby indicating an improvement in reproductive performance over the years. The age at first semen donation in bovines can be reduced by introducing the young male calves to training at an early age, which could increase the dosage of semen obtained from each male.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.405-412
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• 2014

A number of algal bloom models (red-tide models) have been developed and applied to simulate the redtide growth and decline patterns as the interest on the phytoplankton blooms has been continuously increased. The quantitative error analysis of the model is of great importance because the accurate prediction of the red-tide occurrence and transport pattern can be used to setup the effective mitigations and counter-measures on the coastal ecosystem, aquaculture and fisheries damages. The word "red-tide model" is widely used without any clear definitions and references. It makes the comparative evaluation of the ecological models difficult and confusable. It is highly required to do the performance test of the red-tide models based on the suitable classification and appropriate error analysis because model structures are different even though the same/similar words (e.g., red-tide, algal bloom, phytoplankton growth, ecological or ecosystem models) are used. Thus, the references on the model classification are suggested and the advantage and disadvantage of the models are also suggested. The processes and methods on the performance test (quantitative error analysis) are recommend to the practical use of the red-tide model in the coastal seas. It is suggested in each stage of the modeling procedures, such as verification, calibration, validation, and application steps. These suggested references and methods can be attributed to the effective/efficient marine policy decision and the coastal ecosystem management plan setup considering the red-tide and/or ecological models uncertainty.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.273-280
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• 2013

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was occurred at 8 areas including Naju, Suncheon, Younggwang, Youngam, and Shinan in Jeonnam province and the crops of Younggwang were severely damaged by TSWV. The hot pepper (Capsicum annuum), bell pepper (Capsicum annuum v ar. angulosum) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) in greenhouse and hot pepper in open field were infected by TSWV. Especially, hot pepper was severely damaged by TSWV infection. The survey data indicated that 1.1-30% in the nursery field at Naju, Suncheon, and Jangheung were infected by TSWV. Plants were infected by TSWV from early June to August. However, TSWV-infected seedlings from nursery fields showed the disease symptoms from May after transplanting. In pepper greenhouses, Frankliniella occidentalis was more dominant insect vector than Frankliniella intonsa. But in open field, the population of insect vector was opposed to greenhouse. In addition, the removal of weeds was able to delay the incidence of TSWV via side-window of greenhouse in Winter. Taken together, the control of weed and insect vector nearby side-window of greenhouse is important to prevent TSWV infection of plants.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.926-936
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• 2003

Overexpression of human Bcl-2 protein in recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells producing humanized antibody (SH2-0.32) considerably suppressed sodium butyrate (NaBu)-induced apoptosis during batch culture by using commercially available serum-free medium, which extended the culture longevity. Due to the extended culture longevity provided by the anti-apoptotic effect of Bcl-2 overexpression, the final antibody concentration of 14C6-bcl-2 culture (Bcl-2 high producer, $23\;\mu\textrm{g}\;ml^{-1}$) was 2 times higher than that of the $SH2-0.32-{\Delta}bcl-2$ culture (cells transfected with bcl-2-deficient plasmid, $10.5\;\mu\textrm{g}\;ml^{-1}$) in the presence of NaBu. To determine the effect of NaBu/Bcl-2 overexpression on the molecular integrity of protein products, antibodies purified from 14C6-bcl-2 and $SH2-0.32-{\Delta}bcl-2$ cultures in the presence of NaBu were characterized by using various molecular assay systems. For comparison, antibody purified from the parental rCHO cell culture (SH2-0.32) in the absence of NaBu was also characterized. No significant changes in molecular weight of antibodies could be observed by SDS-PAGE. From GlycoSep-N column analysis, it was found that the core oligosaccharide structure ($GlcNAc_2Man_3GlcNAc_2$) was not affected by NaBu/Bcl-2 overexpression, while the microheterogeneity of N-linked oligosaccharide structure was slightly affected. Compared with the antibody produced in the absence of NaBu, the proportion of neutral oligosaccharides was increased from 10% (14C6-bcl-2) to 16% ($SH2-0.32-{\Delta}bcl-2$) in the presence of NaBu, which was accompanied by the reduced proportion of acidic oligosaccharides, especially of monosialylated and disialylated forms. The changes in microheterogeneous oligoformal structures of antibody in turn affected the mobility of antibody isoforms in isoelectric focusing (IEF), resulting in the occurrence of some more basic antibody isoforms produced in the presence of NaBu. However, the antigen-antibody binding properties were not changed by alteration of glycosylation pattern. The competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that the antibody produced by NaBu/Bcl-2 overexpression maintained its antigen-antibody binding properties with binding affinity of about $2.5{\times}10^9{\;}M^{-1}$. Taken together, no significant effects of NaBu/Bcl-2 overexpression on the molecular integrity of antibodies, produced by using serum-free medium, could be observed by the molecular assay systems.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.351-358
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• 1992

Hepatocellular carcinoma represents approximately 90% of the primary liver cancers. Recently, its incidence tends to be increased. Thirty seven cases from 1986 to 1991 diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma by resection were analized to know their histopathologic features and related clinical findings. The average age at the time of resection was 53.1 years, with frequent occurrence in third and fourth decades. Microscopically, the trabecular type was the most frequent growth pattern(35.1%) and classic hepatocyte-like cell type was the most frequent cell type(75.7%). The tumors are mainly moderately differentiated and frequently associated with liver cirrhosis. In comparison of cytologic differentiation with liver cirrhosis, there was a tendency for well-differentiated tumors to arise in cirrhotic livers more often than poorly differentiated tumors, and the tendency was statistically significant. But differentiation and tumor size did not show significant correlation. Also statistically significant correlation were not observed between the level of alpha-fetoprotein and tumor size, and between the level of alpha-fetoprotein and differentiation.