• 한국연초학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2000

The feeding preference of cigarette beetles, Lasioderma serricorne F., was tested using various leaf litters. The number of the trapped L. serricome was 45.25$\pm$10.44 at flue-cured leaf tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L., 23.50$\pm$6.0 at chinese juniper, Juniperus chinensis L., 1l.75$\pm$4.99 at oak, Qqercus acutissiuma C., and 1l.50$\pm$2.52 at rice-straw, (Oryza. sativa L.). The response of oviposition was 93.20$\pm$26.22 at flue-cured leaf tobacco, 53.60$\pm$11.82 at chinese juniper, 48.20$\pm$20.90 at oriental arborvitae, Thuja orientalis L., 31.80$\pm$18.10 at cherry-tree, Prunus serrulata var. spontanea M., and 29.40$\pm$13.7 at rice-straw. However, the oviposition was respectively low at gingko, Ginkgo biloba L.,(5.40$\pm$2.97), turf grass, Zoysia japonica S., (5.20$\pm$13.7), and oak (3.00$\pm$l.41). The augmentation was maximum at chinese juniper (27.33$\pm$19.44 of emerged adults) followed by Magnolia obovata (8.50$\pm$9.33). Fifty percent of the tested species leaf litters including cherry-tree did not show any augmentation. The adult activities after hibernation were primarily found in May and June at Kwangju and Suwon, and in April at Chungju. The field activity of L. serricome at Suwon was mostly lower than that at other places, except in August at Chungju. The first appearance of L. serricome was observed earlier at Chungju and Kwangju than at Suwon, and the frequency of insect appearance was high in July, August, and September. L. serricome could hibernate by feeding on many kinds of plant leaf litters and it's population could be maintained in the open field in Korea.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.118-129
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• 2011

In this study, species resistant to forest fire were extracted from high trees through an investigation of combustion mechanism. Here, the average flameless ignition temperatures of living leaves, branches and barks of oak were respectively, $365^{\circ}C$, $440^{\circ}C$ and $435^{\circ}C$, and the average flameless ignition temperatures of living leaves, branches, barks and cones of pine tree were respectively, $320^{\circ}C$, $405^{\circ}C$, $435^{\circ}C$ and $363^{\circ}C$. It shows that generally, pine tree has a lower flameless ignition temperature than oak and thus, has a relatively high risk of flameless ignition. When comparing risk of fire depending on ignition characteristics, Quercus serrata had a low risk of stem fire, and Quercus acutissima and Quercus serrata had a low risk of crown fire, as well. When analysing risk of fire depending on a duration of flame, also, Quercus dentata had a low risk of stem fire, and Quercus variabilis Blume had a low risk of crown fire too. Lastly, when comparing risk of fire, according to heat release rates, Quercus acutissima had a low risk of stem fire, and Quercus acutissima and Quercus dentata had a low risk of crown fire, as well. In conclusion, it was observed that as fire-resistant species, Quercus serrata and Quercus dentata have a low risk of ignition, Quercus variabilis Blume has a short duration of flame after discharging ignition when a forest fire occurs, and Quercus acutissima, Pinus Rigida and Antipathes japonica Brook have low heat release rates.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권5호
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• pp.572-579
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• 2007

Tree species diversity is an important aspect of forest ecosystem stability. Tree species inventories at defined sites and in minimum diameter classes give a reliable indicator of the diversity level as well as the structural stability level of a study site. This study was conducted to investigate the species composition and the stand structure of the natural forest, timber-harvested forest (logged-over forest) and degraded forest of the Oak-twin Township in the Bago Yoma Region of Myanmar. Natural forest showed the highest family and species richness in all the investigated forests. At the family level, Verbenaceae occupied the highest importance value index (IVI) in all the forest stands while teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) occupied the highest IVI at the species level. However, the small diameter classes of T. grandis and other commercial species were less than those of big diameter classes in all the investigated forests. This abnormal pattern of diameter distribution could be a problem for the sustainable production of commercial timber species in the near future.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제102권3호
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• pp.446-454
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 환경부 멸종위기종 2급인 나도승마 서식지의 생물학적 인자와 입지환경 조건을 조사하여, 중요치 및 다양도 지수에 의해 서식지 임분의 구조적 특성을 밝히고 요인별 비교분석 하여 환경요인과의 관계를 고찰하였다. 나도승마 자생지의 향 분석 결과 방위는 북 또는 북동으로 분포하고 있었으며, 경사는 15~40o로 경사에 대해서는 크게 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 조사 되었다. 또한 해발 600 m 이상 지역에서부터 나도승마 개체군의 분포가 급격히 증가하고 있음을 보여 주고 있었고, 상대광도는 평균 3.79%로 나타났다. 대부분의 개체군이 계곡부와 바위틈에 많이 자생하고 있어서 강우 시 토양유실이 우려되는 곳에 많이 서식하는 경향을 보이고 있었고 상당수 개체군은 등산로와도 인접해 있어 인위적인 훼손이 우려되고 있다. 나도승마의 주된 생육공간내 A층의 토양을 분석한 결과 pH 4.45에서 4.89(평균 4.68)로 강산성으로 분석되었다. 모든 조사구들은 전형적인 천연활엽수 지역이었으며, 신갈나무군집에서 나도승마의 출현확률이 가장 높은 것으로 보아 신갈나무가 나도승마 서식에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 수종으로 해석되어진다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.291-304
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• 2021

기후변화나 여러 환경문제들로부터 지속 가능한 산림자원 관리 및 모니터링을 위해 임상도의 지속적인 갱신은 필수적이다. 따라서 효율적이고 광역적인 산림 원격탐사의 필요성에 따라 차세대 중형위성 4호의 사업이 확정되어 2023년 발사 예정에 있다. 농림위성(차세대 중형위성 4호)는 5 m급 공간해상도와 Blue, Green, Red, Red Edge, Near Infra Red 총 5개 밴드를 가진다. 본 연구는 농림위성의 발사 및 활용에 앞서 농림위성과 유사한 사양을 가지는 RapidEye를 이용하여 위성 기반 수종분류의 가능성을 모의 평가하기 수행되었다. 본 연구는 춘천 선도산림경영단지를 연구 대상지로 하였으며, RapidEye 위성 영상기반 모의 수종분류는 생육기 영상으로부터 추출한 분광정보와 생육기와 비생육기의 NIR 밴드로부터 추출한 GLCM 질감특성 정보가 활용되었고, 이를 입력데이터로 하여 랜덤 포레스트(Random Forest) 기법을 적용하였다. 본 연구에서는 침엽수종 3종(소나무, 잣나무, 낙엽송), 활엽수종 5종(신갈나무, 굴참나무, 자작나무, 밤나무, 기타활엽수), 침활혼효림 총 9종으로 임상을 분류하였다. 분류 정확도는 임상도와 분류 결과를 대조하여 산출하였으며, 분류 정확도는 분광정보만 사용한 경우 39.41%, 분광정보과 질감정보를 모두 사용한 경우 69.29%의 정확도를 보였으며, 다중시기 분광정보 및 질감정보의 활용을 통해 5 m 해상도의 위성영상으로부터 수종분류의 가능성이 있음을 확인하였다. 향후 식생의 생태적 특성을 더욱 효과적으로 반영한 추가 변수를 대입하여 농림위성 활용 가능성을 제고하고자 한다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2002

임간인삼의 생육특성을 조사하기 위해서 활엽수, 침엽수, 혼효림 3가지 연구지를 선정하였다. 연구지는 이미 산지인삼이 비슷한 연령으로 분포하는 지역을 선정하였고 대상 연구지의 환경과 생육특성 등을 조사하였다. 세 임분 공동적으로 상층목의 평균 수령이 20~25년이고 평균 DBH는 14~17cm였다. 평균 수고는 약 7.8~8.5 m 정도였다. 하층식생으로는 마, 더덕, 실새풀 등의 초본류가 차지하고 있다. 산지인삼의 생육은 활엽수림에서 생장한 산지인삼이 침엽수나 혼효림의 것보다 약간 좋은 것으로 나타났지만 그 차이가 미세해서 내년도에 연령이 많은 산지인삼을 대상으로 더 자료를 수집할 필요가 있다. 앞으로 이러한 기초자료를 토대로 생리적인 자료를 확보하는 것이 필요하고, 그러기 위해서 광합성능력, 기공의 형태, 증산량 등의 생리적인 자료를 확보해야 한다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.33-35
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• 1977

한독산림경영사업기구(韓獨山林經營事業機構) 양산사업소(梁山事業所) 묘포장(苗圃場)(경남(慶南) 양산군(梁山郡) 하북면(下北面) 순지리)에서 양묘(養苗)한 2개(個) 산지(産地)의 독일 가문비 1-1묘(苗)와 red oak 1~0묘(苗)의 묘고(苗高)를 특정(測定)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. Fichtel산지(産地)의 독일가문비가 Harz의 것에 비해 묘고성장(苗高成長)이 우수하였으며 Harz산(産)의 묘고성장(苗高成長) Fichtel 것의 70%에 불과 하였다. 2. 그러나 반복(反復)에 의(依)한 분산(分散)은 Harz의 것보다 Fichtel의 것이 크게 나타났다. 3. Red oak 1-0의 묘고성장(苗高成長)은 빠른 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2011

This study was carried out to analyze annual diameter growth characteristics for major 11 tree species using the data for Gangwon province of the National Forest Resources Inventory in 2007. The annual diameter growth of coniferous species was 5.02 mm, 4.70 mm, and 3.90 mm in Korean white pine, Japanese larch, and Korean red pine, respectively. In growths of the deciduous trees, dogwood, basswood, and cork oak had 3.55 mm, 3.48 mm and 3.01 mm, respectively. Average of the annual diameter growths for all species was 3.38 mm. The relationship between diameter growth and age class showed that the growth rate decreased for all species as age increased. The age class II had the highest annual diameter rate. In relation of the stand density(trees per hectare) and diameter growth, the diameter growth tended to decrease as the stand density increased for most species, especially Korean white pine, cork oak, and basswood. Finally age had the highest value in the correlation coefficients between measurement factor and growth rate regardless of species.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.37-59
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• 2017

The Korean peninsula belongs to the temperate forest biome dominated by many deciduous oaks. We quantitatively and qualitatively studied vertical and horizontal distributions and habitat characteristics on the major oak species such as Quercus mongolica, Q. serrata, Q. variabilis, Q. dentata, Q. aliena and Q. acutissima. A total of 5,278 samples were analyzed with a species coverage and 6 principal environmental variables extracted from public database of nationwide natural environment survey. Correlation analysis was accomplished by the CANOCO using Canonical Correspondence Analysis and the Pearson correlation coefficient using PASW Statistics. The hierarchical distribution tendency of six oaks was finalized using the Goodman-Kruskal lambda coefficient of non-metric multidimensional scaling by SYN-TAX 2000. The utmost factor on the distributional segregation of oak species was the elevation, i.e. temperature. Q. serrata and Q. mongolica show clearly a diametrical distribution patterns with zonal distribution. Q. variabilis was determined as a thermophilic and xerophilous species that is a component of not only natural pseudo-climax forest but also secondary forest. The highest frequency of the dominant forest was found Q. mongolica. Whereas, Q. serrata showed the highest frequency of individual tree but the relatively lower frequency of dominant forest, which is resulted from the original habitat loss. By the benefit of the traditional Soopjeong-E, Q. acutissima dominant forests were remained rather largely. Individuals of Q. dentata occurred horizontally nationwide, but its dominant forest was the poorest. Dominant forest of Q. aliena, which is a natural vegetation, was the most rare due to a limited potential habitat.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.159-169
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• 1991

Floristic cmposition and soil properties were analyzed in chines cork oak(quercus variabilis)cmmunities in the limestone area, tanyang, ch'ungbuk province in korea. The tree layer was composed of quercus dentata, platycarya strobilacea, fraxinus rhynchophylla and others as wel as quercus variabilis. the shrub layer was dominated by ulmus davidiana for. suberosa,shrubby q. variabilis. euonymus alatus and rhus chinensis. among these, u. davidiana for. suberosa was known to have a restricted distribution to calcareous area, and 9 species in the shrub layer including e. alatus, indigofera kirilowii and rhamnus davurica belonged to the calcicole. The herb layer was dominated by carex lanceolata and spodiopogen cotulifer. ten specirs including g. lanceolata, clematis mandshurica, isachne globosa, lithospermum arvense and scabiosa mansenensis belonged to the calcicode. soil texture was classified to clay loam in both top and subsoil. Water cotent and organic matter were consistentl higher in top soil than in subsoil. soil ph rangd 7.8~8.4. Total n concentration in top soil ranged from 0.2 to 0.4mg/g, which was higher than that in subsoil. Available p and exchangeable k concentretion were also significantly higher in op soil than in subsoil. However, exchangeable ca concentration was similar betweenthe top and the subsoil. Unlike the other nutrients, exchangeable mg concentration in top soil was lower than that in subsoil. orangic matter, n, p and k content in this chinese cork oak stand showed as much as the other noncalcareous sites. Soil properties in this study area seemed to have been influenced by casts forming activities of earthworms.