• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.95-107
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data by analyzing and analysing the Growth Conditions of old Trees in Yangdong village. This study investigated about the conducted on tree information, soil information, and tree health. The result are as follows. The trees information in Yangdong Village consists of Juniperus chinensis, Salix chaenomeloides, Salix pseudolasiogyne, Celtis sinensis, Zelkova serrata, Gleditsia japonica, and Gleditsia sinensis trees, The range of height was 4.0~17.0m, and the diameter was 0.51~1.34m, Juniperus chinensis trees of No.17 was most large. In the results of soil analysis, there showed that acidity was pH4.1~6.3, hardness of 5~48mm, organic matter content of 21.2~29.1g/kg, electrical conductivity(EC) of 0.34~1.76dS/m, available P₂O₅ of 79.8~451.6mg/kg, exchangeable K of 0.22~1.71cmol+/kg, exchangeable Ca of 4.98~7.44cmol+/kg, exchangeable Mg of 0.67~2.19cmol+/kg, exchangeable Na of 0.19~1.04cmol+/kg and cation exchange capacity(C.E.C) of 7.23~13.02cmol+/kg. As a result, the highest number of tree health levels is 8 of 11trees of Celtis sinensis, 2 of 7trees of Zelkova serrata, and 3 of Gleditsia sinensis, and 13 of 30 trees of health levels, The Older trees with high infection, spoil and hollowed part were the remaining trees except for the healthy part. Relatively, more than half of the number of targets is infected, decay, and the hollowed site, and it is necessary to perform surgery on the damaged area. In addition, preservation and protection measures should be implemented by supplying root nutrients for trees, controlling nutrients in the body to prevent secondary and tertiary damages that cause the infection site to metastasize to the health site, In order to continually monitor the trees, measures to improve the location environment and management of the trees should be sought.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.190-202
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• 1984

In an attempt to clarify the epidemiological feature of distomiasis in Tongjin riverside area, the prevalence of distomiasis in the residents and infection rates of the metacercariae in fresh-water fishes were investigated at the upper, middle and lower reaches of the river from January to April, 1984. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Out of a total of 931 fresh-water fishes which composed of 33 different species, 611 fishes(65.6%) of 31 species were found positive with digenetic trematode metacercariae of 16 different species, and there were some differences in infection rates of the metacercariae among the fishes in the 3 parts of the river; 53.8% in upper, 80.7% in middle, and 61.0% in lower reaches, respectively. 2. Infection rates of the metacercariae of Exorchis oviformis, Metagonimus yokogawai, Echinochasmus japenicus, Metorchis orientalis and Clonorchis sinensis in the fishes were 48%,29%, 115, 7.9% and 6.3oA, respectively. 3. The average number of the encysted larvae of Clonorchis found in fish body/gram showed 4.44 in Pseudorasbera larva, Gnathepegon coreanus (1.2), Microphysogoio yaluensis (0.76), Abbottina springeri (0.4), Acanthorhodeus asmussi (0.21) and Cultriculus eigenmanni (0.17), respectively. 4. The average number of the metacercariae of Metagonimus found in fish body/gram disclosed 34.01 in Zacco platypus, Zacco temmincki (16.46), Carassius carassius (5.35), Moroco oxycephalus (1.54) , Aphyocypris chinensis (1.5) and etc., respectively. 5. Detection rates of the eggs of Clonorchis and Metagonimus among residents were 1.1% and 0.8%, respectively, out of a total 923 Persons.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.232-237
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• 2009

The effect of arogh, a polyherbal formulation-PHF [each 3 g powder contained Nelumbo nucifera G. (0.24 g), Hemidesmus indicus R. (0.24 g), Zingiber officinale R. (0.24 g), Terminalia chebula R. (0.24 g), Quercus infectoria O. (0.12 g), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. (0.24 g), Rosa damascene M.(0.24 g), Eclipta alba H.(0.24 g), Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (0.24 g)] was investigated in various experimental models of pain and inflammation. Analgesic activity of PHF was studied in mice using acetic acid induced writhing, tail immersion and hot plate methods. Anti-inflammatory activity of PHF was studied in rats using carrageenan induced hind paw edema and formalin induced rat paw edema methods. PHF significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the number of writhings, increased latency to flick tail in tail immersion method and elevated the mean basal reaction time in hot plate method. PHF significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited carrageenan induced hind paw edema and formalin induced rat paw edema. The PHF was tested at dose of 30, 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.409-414
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• 2007

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) plays a role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we examined the improving effect of L-theanine, a major amino acid in Japanese green tea (Camellia sinensis) on the scopolamine (1 mg/kg/mouse)-induced memory dysfunction in mice. Treatment with L-theanine (2, 4 mg/kg/mouse p.o.) in the drinking water for 7 days reversed the scopolamine-induced latency time and distance in the water maze test, latency time in the passive avoidance test, and inhibited AChE activity. This study suggests that L-theanine may be a useful agent for prevention of progression of AD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 2020

This study was aimed to design core areas applied by the global conservation criteria to promote the public awareness to the protected areas and the value cognition of the Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs), targeting the Mt Seorak, according to the designation of globally important biodiversity areas. As a method for carrying out this study, the biota were cataloged through literature reviews and field trips. With applied by the Global Red List criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), only nine species were categorized in the studied area; plants were classified into six species as follows: Megaleranthis saniculifolia ohwi, Bupleurum euphorbioides Nakai, Hanabusaya asiatica Nakai, Thuja koraiensis Nakai, Leontopodium leiolepis Nakai, Androsace cortusaefolia Nakai, fish was classified one species as follow: Pungitius sinensis Tanaka, and the mammal was classified as two species as follows: Hydropotes inermis, Naemorhedus caudatus. According to the occupation area (EoO, Extent of Occurrence) and Minimum Viable Population(MVP), the size of protected area was 234.56㎢ for plants, 235.07㎢ for mammals, and 0.14㎢ for fish, and the Key Biodiversity Area (KBA) of Mt. Seolak suggested as 286.72㎢.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.245-248
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate tyrosinase inhibitory activity of plant extracts, especially Korean indigenous plants, for the cosmetic use of skin whitening. When 50 plant extracts were tested, the methanol extracts of Agrimonia pilosa, Aster scaber; Dianthus sinensis, Fatsia japonica, Hemistepta lyrata, Lespedeza cuneata, Osmunda japonicum, Pyrvla japvnica, Rodgersia phodophylla and Veratrum grandiforum possessed the considerable tyrosinase inhibitory activity at 3-300 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. Especially, L. cuneata, aerial part of O. japonicum and V. gandiforum exhibited the strong inhibition (>50％ inhibition at 300 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL). In particular, the methanol extract of V. grandiforum and its ethylacetate fraction showed potent inhibition ($IC_{50}$/=30 and 13$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL, respectively), while the reference compound, kojic acid, showed $IC_{50}$/ value of 26$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. These plant extracts may be used as tyrosinase inhibitors in cosmetics.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.39-45
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• 2018

We evaluated the effects of green tea extract (GTE) supplementation at different dilution steps on boar sperm freezing and in vitro fertilization. Sperm intracellular hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$), motility, viability, acrosome integrity and morphology were determined. In addition, sperm IVF parameters (penetration and monospermy) and glutathione (GSH) levels of presumptive zygotes (PZs) were evaluated. Semen was diluted in lactose egg yolk (LEY) and cooled at $5^{\circ}C$ for 3 h (first dilution step) and then diluted in LEY with 9% glycerol and maintained at $5^{\circ}C$ for 30 min (second dilution step). Four experimental groups were compared: first and second dilution steps without GTE (control), first dilution step with GTE (Step 1), second dilution step with GTE (Step 2) and first and second dilution step with GTE (Step 1+2). The spermatozoa were frozen in nitrogen vapor. Higher sperm motility, viability and acrosome integrity after thawing were observed in Step 1, Step 2 and Step 1+2 groups compared with the control (P < 0.05). Lower $H_2O_2$ level was observed in Step 1+2 compared with control and Step 1 (P < 0.05). For IVF, matured oocytes were co-cultured with spermatozoa frozen according to the experimental groups. GSH levels of PZs were significantly higher in Step 2 and Step 1+2 than in control and Step 1 (P < 0.05) without a significant difference in IVF parameters. In conclusion, supplementation with GTE in both first and second dilution steps during the freezing process resulted in better boar sperm cryopreservation and might be beneficial for further embryo development.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2009

In order to optimize tissue culture conditions for genetic transformation of Miscanthus sinensis, we investigated the effects of different plant growth regulators on callus induction and plant regeneration using mature seeds as explant. Dehusked mature seeds were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 3 to 10 mg/L 2,4-D, dicamba or NAA, 30 g/L sucrose and 750 mg/L $MgCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O$. A number of combinations of auxin and cytokinin (BA, kinetin) were also used. MS medium containing 3 mg/L 2,4-D was found optimal for embryogenic callus induction (75.7%) from mature seed. The highest number of plants were regenerated (44.6%) upon transferring the embryogenic callus to MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-D plus 2 mg/L BA. This high efficient plant regeneration system could be useful to use for molecular breeding of new cultivars by genetic transformation.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.347-366
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• 2023

In the present study, the vegetation was classified using the phytosociological method and canonical-correlation analysis (CCA) was implemented to analyze correlation between community structure and environmental factors in the natural habitats of forest byproducts, especially medicinal plants, such as Cudrania tricuspidata, Sorbus commixta, and Hovenia dulcis, in 2021-2022 to provide primary ecological data to establish environmental conditions for wild vegetable cultivation. A total of 11 plots in five regions, 8 plots in three regions, and 17 plots in 5 regions were selected for the natural habitats of C. tricuspidata in southern Korea, S. commixta in high mountains, and H. dulcis in valleys of central Korea, respectively. The importance value in each community was respectively analyzed as follows, in C. tricuspidata community, the importance value of C. tricuspidata (61.10) was the highest, followed by Celtis sinensis, Pinus thunbergii, Neolitsea aciculata, Styrax japonica, Carpinus coreana, Quercus serrata, and Q. acutissima. In Sorbus commixta community, Q. mongolica (57.21) was the highest, followed by, S. commixta (42.58), Betula ermani, Tilia amurensis, A. pseudosieboldianum, A. tschonoskii var. rubripes, Cornus controversa, Magnolia sieboldii, and Taxus cuspidata. In H. dulcis community, H. dulcis (64.58) was the highest, followed by Zelkova serrata, Cornus controversa, A. mono, Q. serrata, C. cordata, and Juglans mandshurica. As the result of the analysis on DBH of the major species having the high importance value, in C. tricuspidata community, C. tricuspidata, C. sinensis, Neolitsea aciculata, and C. coreana show the density of normal distribution, so the dominant status of these species is likely to continue. In S. commixta community, S. commixta show the density of reverse J-shaped curve, so the dominant status of these species is likely to be stable, and Q. mongolica, B. ermani and T. amurensis, show the density of normal distribution, so the dominant status of these species is likely to continue. In H. dulcis community, C. cordata, and J. mandshurica show the density of reverse J-shaped curve, so the dominant status of these species is likely to be stable, and H. dulcis, Z. serrata, C. controversa and A. mono had a formality distribution, suggesting a continuous domination of these species over the other species for the time being. The results of CCA ordination analysis using 11 environmental factors and 30 communities of three taxa classified by TWINSPAN analysis revealed that the altitude showed the strongest correlation with the vegetation. C. tricuspidata community was distributed on the moderate and gentle northeastern slope at low altitude with the highest pH, C.E.C, Ca²⁺, and Mg² and various P₂O₅, whereas S. commixta community was distributed on the steep slope at high altitude with the highest O.M and T-N and lower P₂O₅, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, C.E.C and pH, which is the opposite tendency of the environment of C. tricuspidata community. H. dulcis community was distributed on the gentle northern slope at lower altitude with an average pH, O.M, T-N, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and C.E.C, except higher P₂O₅.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.261-266
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• 2001

The ichthyofauna and the structure of fish community were surveyed from June to August in 2000 at four stations of the Wondong marsh, Yangsan city in Kyungnam province. During the study period, 24 species belonging to eight families were collected. Cyprinid fish occupied 62.5% (15 species) and cobitid and centrarchid fish 8.3% (each 2 species). According to relative abundance in the whole marsh, Z. platypus (23.2%) was dominant species and S. gracilis majimae (14.2%) was subdominant species. M. salmoides (9.6%), C. auratus (8.3%), P. herzi (8.3%), M. yaluensis (6.5%), M. anguillicaudatus (4.0%), L. macrochirus (3.4%), P. parva (2.8%), R. ocellatus (2.5%), C. brevicauda (2.5%), C. sinensis (2.5%) and O. platycephala (2.2%) were common species and C. carpio, A. rhombeus, H. labeo, S. variegatus wakiyae, S. chankaensis tsuchigae, Z. temmincki, O. bidens, S. asotus, C. herzi, R. brunneus, C. argus were rare specieswhich occupied less than 2.0% in relative abundance. Six species of S. variegatus wakiyae, S. chankaensis tsuchigae, S. gracilis majimae, M. yaluensis, C. herzi and O. platycephala in observed species were known as endemic species. By analyzing of fish community in the surveyed area, the species diversity and evenness of the fishes were high but dominance was low. And the similarity of the fish species among the sites was mid-grade as more than 0.55 in index.