• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1996

This study was intended to observe the various aspects for the nutritional education, foodservice program and foodeervice management through the survey. The survey conducted for 72 elementary school dietitians in pusan area The results are as follows 1. Foodservice operation school were only 31.8% of all elementary school in pusan 2. Type of foodservice were 84.9% of self-operated foodservice, 3.8% of public foodservice, 1.3% of consignment foodservice. 3. Type of foods purchase were 452% with an open bid. 4. Elementary school student eat to lunch in classroom by 62.3% in pusan. 5. An association of supporter of elementary school organized 86.3 % of food service school in pusan.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.227-244
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• 2002

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.124-146
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• 1997

The study was surveyed to evaluate the foodservice program. The survey was conducted based on instrument which was developed by reviewing previous research. The instrument was provided to 60 nutritionists at the elementary schools in Taegu area. The data include 4 major parts of task performance rate, delivery and service, menu management, and satisfaction of foodservice facilities. Data obtained from survey are analyzed by SPSS program. These results show that the performance rates of determination of nutritional needs and menu planning is high to 98.3％ both and 23％ of nutritionists don't perfomed nutrition education.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.767-776
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• 2009

This study evaluated the effect of nutritional improvement of 0~5 year children of financially poor families after nutrition supplement of children and nutrition education in parents/guardians. The subject selected among applicants for low-income family financing of the government included 198 children (0~12 months:92, 1~5 years:106), and the average ages were 5.3 months and 2.4 years respectively. Food that includes each nutrient factor was provided to the subject for six months. Nutrition education was performed in two ways, through class and private education, once a month for both. Nutritional improvement was evaluated by body measurement and anemia prevalence rate. As to the survey on breast-feeding, complete breast-feeding accounted for 58.7%, weaning food 27.3%, and combined feeding 14.1% respectively, which shows that breast-feeding accounted for the largest percentage. The education program improved knowledge and attitude of the parents/guardians, which brings in positive effects on growth of children as well. The nutrition knowledge score was improved after nutrition education in 0~12 month children $(8.5\pm1.75\;to\;8.9\pm1.69)$ and 1~5 year children $(7.3\pm1.39\;to\;7.8\pm1.30)$. The nutrition attitude score was significantly improved in 0~12month children $(52.0\pm6.99$ to $53.5\pm5.21$, p < 0.001) and 1~5year children ($45.1\pm7.30$ to $49.0\pm5.96$, p < 0.001). In evaluation on nutritional improvement based on body measurements, it turned out that the wasting was reduced as for children in consideration of the height and weight according to the subject's age. The concentration of hemoglobin after the nutrient treatment for six months was significantly improved, and the anemia prevalence rate as well was reduced from 40.6% to 13.5%, which indicates the significant improvement. Based on the findings above, it turned out that providing quality food to children and nutrition education to the parents/guardians poorly fed in low-income families improved knowledge and attitude of the guardians and prevents anemia and improves growth, which brings in positive effects on growth of children. In the results regarding attitude and knowledge on nutrient/dietary life; however, the improvement level was relatively low when the extent before the education was too small, which indicates the need to revise and complement the contents and methods. In addition, as shown in the result of body measurement, long-term and consistent investigation is necessary since it is difficult to judge the effect on growth only based on short-term nutrient supplement.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to develope a HACCP model for Korean traditional cookies. Prerequisite program and HACCP plan were proposed and analyzed for Yugwa. After analysing hazards of raw material and manufacturing processes, CCP, CL and control methods were presented. Pathogenic microorganisms were detected at the Korean traditional cookies plant. It gave a clue that general sanitation control procedures should be implemented for safe traditional cookie products. Hazard analysis of raw materials and processing of Korean traditional cookies, determination of critical control points and critical limits at the plant lead to present a model of HACCP plan. Implementation of HACCP can be carried out using a HACCP model. Critical control point of Yugwa production were determined as frying process. Biological and chemical hazards were presented for CCP determination.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.650-657
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• 2002

In order to provide basic data for the means to improve food situation and nutritional status of those supported by the National Basic Livelihood Security System (NBLSS), we examined household food insecurity and nutritional status of children under the support of NBLSS. This study included 209 children aged 3-12 years (99 boys and 110 girls) and their caretakers. We measured house food insecurity using Radimer/cornell Scale, children's body sizes and nutrient intake by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and caretakers' nutritional management skills. Only 9.6％ of the households were in food secured (FS) while 8.1％ were in household food insecured, but without hunger (HFI), 42.1％ were in adult food insecured with hunger (AFI), and 40.2％ were in child hungry (CH). Important predictors of food security were nutritional management skills of the caretakers as well as their education, but neither income nor food expenditure of the households. Mean energy intake of the children was 86.0％ of the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Intakes of protein, phosphorous, vitamin A and B$_1$ were relatively high ranging from 112.3％ to 124.4％ of the RDAs while those of calcium, iron, niacin, vitamin C were low showing 74.8-83.3％ of the RDAs. Height, weight and weight/height ratio were close to the reference levels. Lower nutrient intakes of children were observed as the households were more food insecured. However, nutrient intakes and body sizes of children did not differ as a function of household socioeconomic status representing by income, food expenditure and caretakers' education. Results of this study suggest the importance of food security and nutritional management skills for the children's nutrient intakes. Concerning this matter, a need for nutrition education in the program for NBLSS was discussed.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.400-404
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• 2010

School lunches serve to improve nutritional status and to promote the health of children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the portion sizes of school lunches served and consumed in Japanese elementary schools. In addition, gender difference in servings and consumption were also studied. A cross-sectional study was undertaken between October 2007 and February 2008 in schools located in Tokyo and Okayama, Japan. A total of 192 fifth-grade children attending four elementary schools participated in this study. Weighed plate waste methods and observation were used to collect dietary data for two non-consecutive days. The proportion of children who chose staple foods along with main dishes and/or side dishes for at least one day was higher in boys than in girls (respectively, for staple food: 42.1% vs. 9.3%, for main dish and/or side dish: 68.4% vs. 44.3%, P < 0.001). The ratio of initial amount served to amount offered was $0.88{\pm}0.11$ for boys and $0.84{\pm}0.10$ for girls (P < 0.05). The ratio of amount consumed to amount offered was $1.04{\pm}0.19$ for boys and $0.88{\pm}0.12$ for girls (P < 0.001). Weight was related to amount consumed both in boys (r = 0.222, P < 0.05) and in girls (r = 0.201, P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the nutritional standards of school lunch programs should take into account gender differences. Clearly, boys were more likely to consume more than the initial amounts served due to their higher propensity to take second helpings. Boys feel few reservations about taking second helpings to adjust their total intake. However, school lunch plans should take into consideration girls' reluctance to do so, by serving appropriate initial portion sizes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.890-900
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• 2000

The aim of this investigation was to collect the baseline data about growth, dietary behaviors, nutrient intakes and dietary quality of children at child care centers for planning nutritional management program. The dietary intakes were measured by weighing method for intakes at child care centers and by dietary records by children\\`s mothers for intakes at home. The weight and height were measured and calculated z-scores by using standard of the same age groups. The children were 163 boys and 168 girls and the mean age were 55.6 months(12-78 months) and 56.0 months(16-78 months). respectively. The Z-score for height(0.33) and weight(0. 11) showed that the growth of children were above average. Nutrients intakes such s energy, protein, fiber, iron, sodium, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin C, niacin of boys from lunch and snack at day care centers were significantly higher than those of girls, and the meals at child care centers provided 20-37% of RDAs. The daily energy intakes were 1332.2kcal(83.1% RDA), protein 44. 26g(109.3% RDA), calcium 437.73mg(72.4% RDA), iron 7.24mg(72.4% RDA), vitamin A 459.6RE(113.1% RDA),vitamin B$_1$ 0.74mg(93.4% RDA), vitamin B$_2$0.79mg(79.7% RDA), niacin 7.66mg(69.9% RDA) and vitamin C 56.84mg(142.1% RDA). The nutrients which more than 50% of subjects ate less than 75% RDA were calcium, iron, niacin, and vitamin B$_2$.The average mean adequacy ratio was 0.80 and mean dietary variety score was 22.42, and those are positively correlated to % RDA of nutrient intakes. In summary, the children using child care centers consumed most nutrients below level of RDA and the nutritional management program at child care center is required to enhance the nutritional status of them. (Korean J Nutrition 33(8) : 890-900, 2000)

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.sup1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) were revised in 2020. Due to the rapidly aging Korean population, special consideration was given to reclassify the KDRI age group categories of older adults. This article examines the evidence for modifying the current KDRI age group ranges of older adults (65-74 and ≥ 75 yrs). SUBJECTS/METHODS: We first reviewed the domestic and international data on the elderly, following which we received expert opinions on age classification from the KDRI Advisory Committee. Finally, the 6th and 7th (2013-2017) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data were used to analyze the nutritional intake statuses by considering the age of older adults. RESULTS: According to the review results of domestic and international data and the inputs received from the expert advisory committee, the minimum age considered for the elderly was maintained at 65 yrs. However, the KNHANES data was analyzed to review whether there was a need to subdivide the later periods. Examining the differences in nutrient intakes by age group through the interaction effect term of the piecewise linear regression model revealed the interaction effect was maximum in the groups divided by 65 yrs (50-64 and 65-80), as compared to the groups divided by 70 yrs (50-69 and 70-80) and 75 yrs (50-74 and 75-80). The mean adequacy ratio was calculated per 1 yr of age, and a 3-yr (age) moving average analysis was performed to examine the change in the trends of overall nutrient intake. However, it was challenging to secure a scientific basis for subdivision into age groups in older adults from the results obtained. CONCLUSIONS: This study could not find any scientific evidence for modifying the KDRI age groups for older adults.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.215-226
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• 2015

The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide and has become a serious epidemic health problem. We developed the 'Change 10 Habits' educational program based on obesity treatment and dietary guidelines and examined its effects on customized nutrition education in mildly obese adults. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. Study subjects were excluded if they had several major diseases, if had consumed an anti-obesity drug, or if they practiced an obesity-related program within 30 days. The subjects (n=87, $25{\leq}BMI$ <30) were each exposed to the customized nutrition education program with four lessons according to the stage of the transtheoretical model (TTM). The stage-matched program was administered for 12 weeks and was run by a clinical dietitian. Overall, subjects who were in the precontemplation/contemplation stage at baseline made progress in the preparation and action/maintenance stage after 12 weeks (P<0.05). For 'Alcohol is consumed, up to 2 drinks per day', the proportion of subjects who belonged in the action/maintenance stage increased from 34.5% to 49.4% at 12 weeks. In addition, scores of all items significantly increased after the program (P<0.05). 'Chew more than 10 times and eat slowly' score significantly increased from $3.9{\pm}2.4$ to $5.8{\pm}2.3$ (P<0.05). In conclusion, behavioral stage-matched nutrition education using the 'Change 10 Habits' program was effective in improving eating behaviors and enhancing healthy lifestyles in mildly obese adults.