• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.216-221
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• 2004

Changes in physiological functionality of giant embryonic rice by germination process were investigated using 70% ethanolic extract of the rices. Physiological functionality was evaluated by determining the reducing power, phenolic compound content, GABA content, and antimutagenicity. The results showed that the order of reducing power of the non-germinated rices was Nampung giant embryonic rice>normal rice> Whachung giant embryonic rice, however, the activity was high as the order of Whachung giant embryonic rice> Nampung giant embryonic rice> normal rice by germination process. About 3-fold activity increase was observed for Whachung giant embryonic rice, while, the activity of Nampung giant embryonic rice and normal rice decreased by the same treatment. The phenolic compound content of three rice cultivars were found to be almost same levels. Germination of rice increased the content of phenolic compounds by 2.6-fo1d without any considerable changes for both Nampung giant embryonic rice and normal rice. The GABA contents was highest in Whachung giant embryonic rice, followed by Nampung giant embryonic rice, normal rice in either germination or non-germination condition. The germination increased the GABA contents by more than 2.4-fold for all rice cultivars tested. We also found an increase in the antimutagenic activity by germination process for all cultivars, where the activity was the greatest for Whachung cultivar.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.472-476
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• 2008

The possibility of DNA comet assay as a rapid method for screening the irradiated vegetables and grains was evaluated. Vegetables (spring onion, garlic, and tomato) irradiated at $0{\sim}3$ kGy and grains (rice flour and black soybean) irradiated at $0{\sim}9$ kGy were used as samples. Optimum DNA comet assay conditions, such as elution, sedimentation of suspension, and lysis time of cell, were established. The optimum conditions for vegetables were 10 min for the elution time, 0 min for the sedimentation time, and 5 min for the lysis time. The optimum conditions for grains were 15 min for the elution time, 60 min for the sedimentation time, and 30 min for the lysis time. For the food application of DNA comet assay, it was possible to screen various food samples irradiated at the following doses: spring onion at 2 kGy, garlic at 3 kGy, tomato at 1 kGy, rice flour at 9 kGy, and black soybean at 3 kGy. Each sample showed different forms and sizes in DNA comet. Therefore, further studies on various methods using comet shape, concentration, or area in DNA comet assay are necessary.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1130-1133
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• 2002

Domoic acid, and amnesic shellfish poison, is a neurotoxin frequently found in shellfishes. Guidance level for the consumable shellfish has been established as $20\;{\mu}g$ domoic acid/g by Health and Welfare Canada and U.S. FDA. Domoic acid is produced by pennate diatom, a Nitzschia pungens f. multiseries ingested by the shellfish. Content of domoic acid in shellfish samples collected along the Korean shoreline from May to December of 1999 was analyzed. The collection included 1 Gastropoda (Murex shell) and 11 Bivalvias (oyster, little neck clam, orient hard clam, venus clam, surf clam, ark shell, hard-shelled mussel, pen shell, jack-knife clam, pink butterfly shell, and granulated ark shell). Samples were homogenized, extracted with 50% methanol, filtered, and analyzed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography at 242 nm with mobile phase consisting of 10% acetonitrile and 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid. Recovery of the HPLC analysis was 95.80% (${\pm}1.09$). All tested samples showed no domoic acid at the detection limit of 50 ng/g.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.450-457
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• 1991

The iron status of 57 female college students was evaluated by measurements of hemoglobinCHb). hematocritCHct) and serum ferritin(Ferritin). Mean values for Hb, Hct and Ferritin were $13.9\pm$ 0.96g/dl, $41.4\pm$ 2.85% and $20.7\pm$ l5.5ng/mL respectively. Ferritin as well as Hb. Hct were not statistically different from normal distribution. although ferritin were skewed to the right. The prevalence of anemia defined by Hb < 12g/dI. Hct ~36 % and Ferritin <12ng/ml were found to be 5.3, 10.3 and 36.8%, respectively. By using Hb as a screening tool at a cutoff point of 12g/dI. 2.8% of healthy subjects will be incorrectly classified as anemic and 90.5 % of anemic as healthy. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated at various cutoff points of Hb and Hct. The estimates of sensitivity and specificity allow Hb 14.0g/dl as cutoff point for good predictor of anemia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.769-777
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• 2004

A Helicobacter pylori urease inhibitor from Rubus coreanus Miquel has been isolated and partially characterized for aiming to Prevent H. pylori growth and decrease harmful accumulation of ammonia in human gastric mucosa. We screened urease inhibitory activities in 519 extracts library prepared by solvent extraction from 173 kinds of edible plants, medicinal herbs, herbs and seaweeds using a colorimetric urease assay system. As results of primary and secondary screening, 70% acetone extract of Rubus coreanus Miquel was selected as potent candidate, showing about 24% inhibitory activity. The acetone extract was sequentially partitioned into RCE/RCWI and RCB/RCW2 layers with ethyl acetate and butanol. The major active component in RCW2, water layer from butanol fractionation was revealed to be peptidic or proteinous substance by inhibitory activity determination after pronase digestion and periodate oxidation. RCW2-IIIc a was isolated by sequential column chromatography on DEAE-Toyopearl 650C, Butrl-Toyopearl 650M and Sephadex LH-20. The isolated urease inhibitor RCW2-IIIc $\alpha$, was highly pure proteinous substance with molecular weight of 13kDa by high-performance gel permeation liquid chromatography. RCW2-IIIc$\alpha$ has about 5 times higher inhibitory activity than 70％ acetone extract, showing high stability against heat treatment and peptic digestion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.1106-1112
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• 2007

The solvent extracts of Euphorbia helioscopia, which were extracted by using several solvents with different polarities, were prepared for utility as natural preservatives. The E. helioscopia extract by 80% ethanol was sequentially fractionated with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, and butanol. In order to effectively screen for a natural preservatives agent, we first investigated the antioxidant activities such as DPPH radical scavenging capacity, superoxide radical scavenging capacity, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of the E. helioscopia extracts. By the screening system, we found that ethylacetate fraction had the strongest antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. The antimicrobial activities and cell growth inhibition were investigated for each strain with the different concentrations of E. helioscopia extracts. Antimicrobial activities were shown in ethylacetate fraction of E. helioscopia; however, ethanol, butanol and water fractions showed weak antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms. Among the five fractions, ethylacetate fraction showed the highest antimicrobial activities against microorganisms tested, such as Bacillus sublitis, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium. The polyphenol content from ethanol, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, butanol, and water fractions were 207.46 mg/g, 45.45 mg/g, 138.23 mg/g, 678.02 mg/g, 278.91 mg/g, and 63.76 mg/g, respectively. There seems to be a close relationship between antioxidant activities, and antimicrobial activities and polyphenol content in natural plant. From these results, it is suggested that E. helioscopia could be used for the ethylacetate fraction and could be suitable for the development of a food preservative.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.85-99
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between depressive symptoms and dietary inflammatory index(DII) in Korean postmenopausal women. The subjects consisted of 3,947 Korean postmenopausal women from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2016~2020. Subjects were classified into quartiles of dietary inflammatory index score. Individuals with high DII scores had poor health habits such as drinking, smoking, lack of physical activity, and skipping meals. The higher the score of the DII, the higher the PHQ-9 score and the depression odds ratio, which are depressive screening tools(p for trend <0.01). Among the anti-inflammatory items, DII, MUFA, PUFA, n-3 fatty acids, and n-6 fatty acids increased the risk of depression as the DII item score increased(p for trend <0.05). As a result of this study, it was found that the dietary inflammatory index was significantly associated with depressive symptoms. The promotion of a healthy diet with anti-inflammatory properties may help to prevent depression in postmenopausal women.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.158-167
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• 2024

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of vertebral fracture (VF) in children with chronic liver disease (CLD) with and without liver transplantation (LT) and to determine the associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Patients aged 3-21 years with CLD both before and after LT were enrolled in the study. Lateral thoracolumbar spine radiographs were obtained and assessed for VF using Mäkitie's method. Clinical and biochemical data were collected. Results: We enrolled 147 patients (80 females; median age 8.8 years [interquartile range 6.0-11.8]; 110 [74.8%] in the LT group and 37 [25.2%] in the non-LT group). VF was identified in 21 patients (14.3%): 17/110 (15.5%) in the LT group and 4/37 (10.8%) in the non-LT group (p=0.54). Back pain was noted in only three patients with VF. In the univariate analysis, a height z-score below -2.0 (p=0.010), pre-LT hepatopulmonary syndrome (p=0.014), elevated serum direct and total bilirubin levels (p=0.037 and p=0.049, respectively), and vitamin D deficiency at 1-year post-LT (p=0.048) were associated with VF in the LT group. In multivariate analysis, height z-score below -2.0 was the only significant associated factor (odds ratio, 5.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.49-23.76; p=0.012) for VF. All VFs in the non-LT group were reported in males. Conclusion: In children with CLD, VF is common before and after LT. Most patients with VF are asymptomatic. Screening for VF should be considered in patients with a height z-score below -2.0 after LT.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2011

Purpose: Ultrasonography (US) is widely used as a screening test in patients with abdominal pain (AP). We investigated the usefulness of US by a pediatrician in children with AP. Methods: We retrospectively analysed the medical records of children with AP who undertook US from December, 2008 to July, 2010. Results: A total of 628 patients (325 male, 303 female) were enrolled in this study. The mean age of patients was $8.08{\pm}4.61$ years. Duration of AP was acute in 427 and chronic in 201 patients. Localization of AP was diffuse (36.9%), periumbilical (24.4%), epigastric (21.0%), and right lower quadrant (8.1%). On the examination, there were no abnormal findings in 327 patients (52.1%). Abnormal ultrasonographic findings were mesenteric lymphadenitis (27.1%), intestinal mural thickening (10.0%), intussusception (3.0%), appendicitis (2.6%), choledochal cyst (1.6%), and pancreatitis (0.3%). We performed additional imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 39 patients who showed obscure findings on the US. In 33 patients (84.6%), the same results were obtained from CT or MRI. Two cases of appendicitis, one case of pancreatitis and one case of Henoch-Sh$\ddot{o}$nlein purpura were diagnosed by the CT examination. However, there were two cases of appendicitis diagnosed by US thathad no evidence of appendicitis on the CT. Diagnostic accuracy of initial US in children with abdominal pain was 99.4%. Conclusion: US by a pediatrician as a screening test in children with AP provides a rapid and accurate diagnostic indication and has non-invasive and radiation-free advantages.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.217-223
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• 2003

Purpose : Every year, there is a remarkable increase in the prevalence of children with excess body fat. The aim of this study is to find a useful screening method in assessing adolescent, obesity and to specify the predictable risk factors that are related to adult cardiovascular disease according to BMI and obesity index. Methods : From July to November in 2001, a total of 2,814(male : female=2,011 : 803) mid to high school students who were in the obesity range according to obesity index(>20%) were evaluated according to height, weight, body mass index(BMI), obesity index, and serum lipid levels. Results : Among the obese students over 20% by obesity index, 86.6% were over the range of 95 percentile by BMI. Among students defined as obese by BMI, 21.0% of males and 21.4% of females students had hypercholesterolemia; by obesity index, the ratio was 20.7% male and 19.0% female. The frequency of hypertriglyceremia in male students was 15.0% in group I(overweight group, 85P97p); in female students 11.8%, 20.7% and 28.2% respectively. Conclusion : In this study, using BMI alone to test the serum lipid level in adolescent obesity had a limit of 10.0-17.0% omission. Therefore using obesity index as a screening method to find the adult cardiovascular disease would rather reduce the omission rate. The risk factor of cardiovascular disease according to BMI was the increasing level of triglyceride in both male and female students. We think that using the obesity index has more rationale rather than BMI in assessing lipid profiles.