• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.413-418
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• 2019

Studies are now actively underway to confirm the degree of treatment and rehabilitation of patients with brain-related diseases (dementia, schizophrenia, depression, Parkinson's disease). Among them, Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is widely used in treatment because it is a technique that is used for noninvasive brain neuron control in patients with brain disorders. It can be seen that muscle fatigue of normal people increases during Transcranial magnetic stimulation. Therefore, in this paper, our purpose is to build an EMG measurement system to measure motor neuron-induced response during transcranial magnetic stimulation and We identify a motor-neutral response system using tendency in the RMS graph. As an experimental method, the Raw Data received through the surface EMG device and analyzed by RMS technique, after the contraction and relaxation movement of the biceps brachii. As a result of the experiment, we confirmed the trend of rising RMS graph, and it will can be used to determine the self-stimulation intensity for each individual in consideration of the data of the motor-neutral response.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.160-167
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• 2013

Objective: To evaluate the shapes and sizes of nasopharyngeal airways by using cone-beam computed tomography and to assess the relationship between nasopharyngeal airway shape and adenoid hypertrophy in children. Methods: Linear and cross-sectional measurements on frontal and sagittal cross-sections containing the most enlarged adenoids and nasopharyngeal airway volumes were obtained from cone-beam computed tomography scans of 64 healthy children ($11.0{\pm}1.8$ years), and the interrelationships of these measurements were evaluated. Results: On the basis of frontal section images, the subjects' nasopharyngeal airways were divided into the following 2 types: the broad and long type and the narrow and flat type. The nasopharyngeal airway sizes and volumes were smaller in subjects with narrow and flat airways than in those with broad and long airways (p < 0.01). Children who showed high adenoid-nasopharyngeal ratios on sagittal imaging, indicating moderate to severe adenoid hypertrophy, had the narrow and flat type nasopharyngeal airway (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Cone-beam computed tomography is a clinically simple, reliable, and noninvasive tool that can simultaneously visualize the entire structure and a cross section of the nasopharyngeal airway and help in measurement of adenoid size as well as airway volume in children with adenoid hypertrophy.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2012

Background : Axillary osmidrosis is characterized by an unpleasant odor, profuse sweating, and in some instances, staining of clothes that may socially and psychologically impair affected individuals. Various types of surgical procedures have been developed for the treatment of axillary osmidrosis. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of subcutaneous pulsed neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd-YAG) laser treatment for the treatment of axillary osmidrosis. Methods : Twenty-nine patients with axillary osmidrosis were included in this study. Patients were categorized according to the results of an axillary malodor grading system, and a subcutaneous pulsed Nd-YAG laser was applied to all patients. The treatment area for the appropriate distribution of laser energy was determined using the iodine starch test (Minor's test) against a grid pattern composed of $2{\times}2cm$ squares. The endpoint of exposure was 300 to 500 J for each grid, depending on the preoperative evaluation results. The results were evaluated by measurement of axillary malodor both pre- and postoperatively using the grading system and iodine starch test. Results : The average follow-up period was 12.8 months. Nineteen patients had a fair-to-good result and ten patients had poor results. The postoperative Minor's test demonstrated that there were remarkable improvements for patients with mild to moderate symptoms. Complications including superficial second degree burns (n=3) were treated in a conservative manner. A deep second degree burn (n=1) was treated by a surgical procedure. Conclusions : Subcutaneous pulsed Nd-YAG laser has many advantages and is an effective noninvasive treatment for mild to moderate axillary osmidrosis.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.191-197
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• 2015

Laser acupuncture is defined as the stimulation of traditional acupuncture points with low-intensity, nonthermal laser irradiation. Possible advantages in using laser acupuncture are the noninvasive, painless and low risks of infection treatment. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of laser acupuncture on the quality and waveform of arterial pulses. Ten acupuncture points were stimulated repeatedly three times in 30 individuals by laser with emission in the near infrared spectral region (808 nm) using an out power and power density of 45 mW and $143W/cm^2$. The analysis of pulse quality and waveform was performed based on the measurement of arterial pressure of the left and right wrist, using a 3-dimensional blood pressure pulse analyzer. Excess-like pulse quality of subjects before laser acupuncture changed significantly to balanced pulse quality after 10, 20, and 30 minutes of laser acupuncture; coefficient of deficient or excess, $C_{DE}$, decreased significantly from 0.68 before acupuncture to 0.61, 0.55, and 0.55 after 10, 20, 30 minutes of laser acupuncture ($$p{\leq_-}0.006$$), respectively. Other pulse qualities, floating or sinking, slow or rapid, choppy or slippery did not change significantly by laser acupuncture (p > 0.05). Pulse waveform analysis showed that amplitude of main peak (systolic function or aortic compliance, $h_1$) of left and right artery pulse waves decreased significantly after 10, 20, and 30 minutes of laser acupuncture (p < 0.05). Other parameters, duration of one cardiac cycle (T), duration of rapid systolic ejection ($T_1$), duration of the systolic phase ($T_4$), and duration of the diastolic phase ($T_5$) of left and right artery pulses did not change significantly after laser acupuncture (p > 0.05).

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.42 no.3 s.303
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• pp.41-46
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• 2005

In this paper, we proposed noninvasive and continous measurement of blood pressure using pulse transit time(PTT) and physical characteristic parameters and verified its clinical effectiveness. PTT can be obtained by electrocardiogram and phtoplethysmogram. There are many researches for estimating blood pressure using PTT which can be used for individual. However, it is not enough for extracting general regression equation which can estimate blood pressure for unspecified people. In this study, we suggested the regression equatin using PTT and physical characteristic parameters related to blood pressure and did measure blood pressure of many people. we compared the performance between two methods. As the results, we knew that the regressin model using PTT combined with physical characteristic parameters can estimate blood pressure more acurately and is closer to American National Standards Institute of the Association of the Advancement of Medical Instrument(ANSI/AAMI).

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.98-111
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• 2008

This review introduces advances in clinical and pre-clinical single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) providing noninvasive functional images of biological processes. Development of new collimation techniques such as multi-pinhole and slit-slat collimators permits the improvement of system spatial resolution and sensitivity of SPECT. Application specific SPECT systems using smaller and compact solid-state detector have been customized for myocardial perfusion imaging with higher performance. Combined SPECT/CT providing improved diagnostic and functional capabilities has been introduced. Advances in PET and CT instrumentation have been incorporated in the PET/CT design that provide the metabolic information from PET superimposed on the anatomic information from CT. Improvements in the sensitivity of PET have achieved by the fully 3D acquisition with no septa and the extension of axial field-of-view. With the development of faster scintillation crystals and electronics, time-of-flight (TOF) PET is now commercially available allowing the increase in the signal-to-noise ratio by incorporation of TOF information into the PET reconstruction process. Hybrid PET/SPECT/CT systems has become commercially available for molecular imaging in small animal models. The pre-clinical systems have improved spatial resolution using depth-of-interaction measurement and new collimators. The recent works on solid state detector and dual modality nuclear medicine instrumentations incorporating MRI and optical imagers will also be discussed.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.108-116
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• 2008

Background : When surgeons plan mandible ortho surgery for patients with skeletal class III facial asymmetry, they must be consider the exact method of surgery for correction of the facial asymmetry. Three-dimensional (3D) CT imaging is efficient in depicting specific structures in the craniofacial area. It reproduces actual measurements by minimizing errors from patient movement and allows for image magnification. Due to the rapid development of digital image technology and the expansion of treatment range, rapid progress has been made in the study of three-dimensional facial skeleton analysis. The purpose of this study was to conduct 3D CT image comparisons of mandible changes after mandibular surgery in facial asymmetry patients. Materials & methods : This study included 7 patients who underwent 3D CT before and after correction of facial asymmetry in the oral and maxillofacial surgery department of Yeungnam University Hospital between August 2002 and November 2005. Patients included 2 males and 5 females, with ages ranging from 16 years to 30 years (average 21.4 years). Frontal CT images were obtained before and after surgery, and changes in mandible angle and length were measured. Results : When we compared the measurements obtained before and after mandibular surgery in facial asymmetry patients, correction of facial asymmetry was identified on the "after" images. The mean difference between the right and left mandibular angles before mandibular surgery was $7^{\circ}$, whereas after mandibular surgery it was $1.5^{\circ}$. The right and left mandibular length ratios subtracted from 1 was 0.114 before mandibular surgery, while it was 0.036 after mandibular surgery. The differences were analyzed using the nonparametric test and the Wilcoxon signed ranks test (p<0.05). Conclusion: The system that has been developed produces an accurate three-dimensional representation of the skull, upon which individualized surgery of the skull and jaws is easily performed. The system also permits accurate measurement and monitoring of postsurgical changes to the face and jaws through reproducible and noninvasive means.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.160-166
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• 1994

Mid-arm circumference and mid-arm circumference/head circumference ratio(MAC/HC) were measured in 207 AGA(appropriate for gestational age) infants delivered at 26 to 42 weeks of gestation from January 1990 to December 1993 in Yeungnam University Hospital, Taegu, Korea. There were linear relationships between MACs and MAC/HC ratios and gestational age(MAC : y=0.3181x - 2.2069, r=0.81, p<0.001 ; MAC/HC ratio : y=0.0049x+0.1128, r=0.62, ; < 0.001). Using standard curves of MAC and MAC/HC ratio according to the gestational age, measurement of MAC or MAC/HC ratio can be a noninvasive, simple method to evaluate the intrauterine growth of newborn infants and the nutritional status of growing premature infants.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.209-214
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• 1989

Yasculogenic impotence is produced by abnormalities of vascular blood supply or drainage, and is the most common cause of various organic impotences. An increasing awareness of vascular causes of impotence has resulted from development of various diagnostic tests, but precise measurement of penile blood flow is difficult. Radionuclide penogram has been introduced recently to diagnose vasculogenic impotence. Forty-one impotent patients and 12 normal men were studied with radionuclide erection penogram using Tc-99m pertechnetate and an intracavernous injection of papaverine. We defined arteriogenic impotence as arterial index less than 0.66, and venogenic impotence as venous index greater than 0.09. By this criteria, the false positive ratio in normal men was 17%, and the false negative ratio in radically cystectomized patients was 0%. Side effects were small purpura of the penile shaft and dull pain during injection of papaverine. The radionuclide erection penogram was noninvasive and gave a dynamic evaluation of the arterial supply, venous drainage, and blood flow in the corporeal bodies. This method should be considered as a valuable adjunct to evaluate patients with vasculogenic impotence.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.119-129
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• 2012

In the medical field, the hardening of tissues is one of important informations used in diagnosis or understanding progress of disease, a quantitative measuring method of hardening is important for objective diagnosis. It has been proposed MRE(Magnetic Resonance Elastography) method that measures an index of hardening, viscoelastic properties in a noninvasive. Because the S/N ratio of MRE images go down when measuring viscoelastic properties from local wavelength and local damping factor of a propagating wave in MRE method, methods using multiple phase MRE images have been examined to decrease the effect of noise. We propose a method measuring viscoelastic properties after Fitting a function for multiple phase MRE images in this research. This proposed method has a advantage to set up arbitrarily the variation rate of a space direction of viscoelastic properties or the spatial resolution of measuring values according to changing of the noise included in images, though it applies viscoelastic wave for multiple phase MRE images. We confirmed the effectiveness of a proposed method by experiment using simulation images and experiment using silicone-gel phantom.