• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.96-116
• /
• 2006

To assess the economic value of pharmaceutical therapy with Kremezin, we investigated the maximum amount of willingness-to-pay (WTP) of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) for a hypothetical effect of Kremezin in delaying the initiation of dialysis treatments. A face-to-face survey was carried out in a sample of 141 CRF patients from 2 dialysis centers, composed of 82 hemodialysis patients, 38 peritoneal dialysis patients, and 21 non-dialysis CRF patients. Using a bidding game method with a starting point of 320,000 Won, which is the average monthly out-of-pocket payment for dialysis treatment, we asked the study subjects how much they would pay per month to receive Kremezin therapy. The mean out-of-pocket monthly WTP for Kremezin was 310,000, 430,000, and 520,000 Won (p<0.05, repeated one-way ANOVA)) when Kremezin delays the initiation of dialysis treatments by 1, 2, and 4 years. Significant correlation between the respondent's WTP and income $(r=0.266{\sim}0.368,\;p<0.05)$ confirmed the construct validity of the WTP instrument. Regression results showed that patients with a higher education, with diabetes as a major causes of CRF, and undergoing hemodialysis treatments tended to express higher WTP for Kremezin. The economic value of WTP from the perspective of patients varied from 310,000 to 520,000 Won depending on the effect size of Kremezin. The mean WTP was higher than 32,000 Won, only when the hypothetical effect of Kremezin in delaying the initiation of dialysis is for 2 years. This implies that Kremezin might be the preferred choice of therapy by CRF patients if it delays the initiation of dialysis treatment for at least 2 years.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.493-502
• /
• 2023

The development of online content is changing the value of society very diversely and rapidly. In particular, the non-face-to-face e-sports industry is growing significantly in the current situation where the COVID-19 Pandemic has not been completely overcome. The use of NFT in the eSports industry is receiving positive reviews as a field with high potential for future growth that protects digital assets of eSports users, but at the same time, it is raising concerns that cash transactions of digital items could encourage gambling. In this study, the characteristics of the recent eSports industry and NFT were identified and classified through case studies using literature, official sites, and online news articles. Through various cases of eSports and NFT, we discussed the potential for future growth and activation plan of the NFT industry of eSports. The result is as follows. First, it is necessary to use NFT using IP of eSports event itself. Second, it is necessary to combine the functional role of the item with NFT to provide features that users can utilize. Third, it is necessary to provide users with opportunities to engage in economic activities using eSports and NFT. Finally, it is necessary to use NFT to strengthen the digital asset protection of eSports users. Through this study, it is expected to be used as a basis for further discussions on the NFT industry of e-sports and as a material for securing competitiveness.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.868-880
• /
• 2023

This study is a qualitative study conducted to analyze the functions and needs of social robots for parents of children with developmental disabilities in order to utilize care robots for treatment of children with developmental disabilities. The subjects of the study were 11 primary caregivers with children under the age of 18 whose children were diagnosed with developmental disabilities or who had been receiving special education for more than one year. The interview questionnaire was composed of a semi-structured questionnaire and consisted of awareness, necessity, expectation, concern, and other opinions about social robots. The interview was conducted as a non-face-to-face online video interview due to COVID 19. As a result of the study, 4 themes and 7 sub-topics were derived. The four topics were derived from the unfamiliar but soon-to-be-faced reality, social robots with active functions, opinions on the appearance and materials of social robots, and concerns about social robots. Through this study, it was possible to identify the expectations and suggestions of the main caregivers for social robots, which could not be identified in quantitative studies, and if these can be reflected in social robots to be developed in the future, it is expected that positive results with higher acceptance will be derived.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.47-58
• /
• 2024

This study aimed to investigate the role of student immediacy in learning-related positive affective experiences in the technology-mediated education context. In particular, perceived social presence was expected to mediate the relationship between student immediacy and positive affect. Moreover, we hypothesized the moderating role of technology readiness in the relationship between student immediacy and perceived social presence. To test this hypothesis, a survey of approximately 500 undergraduate students who have attended non-face-to-face online courses was conducted. The results revealed that social presence fully mediated the relationship between immediacy and positive affect. That is, students who scored high on the immediacy scale tended to experience a greater level of social presence during online classes; consequently, they tended to demonstrate more positive affect. As expected, technology readiness moderated the relationship between immediacy and social presence. Unlike previous studies that mainly focused on instructor immediacy, the present study contributed to immediacy literature by empirically testing the positive effect of student immediacy on learning. Furthermore, this study revealed the potential importance of communication competence and its progress in predicting student participation and satisfaction, which could have been changed since the COVID-19 pandemic.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.179-185
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to provide new implications for the development and operation of programs and comparative studies in university policy by examining how core competencies of university students participating in tutoring programs affect learning satisfaction. For this purpose, 33 university students participated in the tutoring program before COVID-19 and 72 university students participated in the tutoring program after COVID-19 were surveyed and statistically processed. As a result, first, there was a positive correlation between self-innovation, challenge, communication, harmony, sincerity, problem solving and learning satisfaction among the components of core competencies of H university before COVID-19. There was a positive correlation between self-innovation, challenge, communication, harmony, sincerity, problem solving and learning satisfaction of core competencies after COVID-19. Second, in the pre-COVID-19 period, core competence had a high explanatory power on learning satisfaction, but there was no statistically significant factor in each of the remaining components except for the challenge. After COVID-19, core competence was secured with a high rate of explanatory power, self-innovation and harmony among the components of core competence were found to have a positive effect on learning satisfaction, and challenge was found to have a negative effect on learning satisfaction. The implications of this study are that when students participate in the tutoring program, it is necessary to emphasize the challenge factors and when they proceed in non-face-to-face, it is necessary to emphasize the self-innovation factors or the harmony factors rather than the challenge factors.

• Knowledge Management Research
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.123-142
• /
• 2022

The non-face-to-face environment accelerated by COVID-19 has speeded up the dissemination of digital virtual ecosystems and metaverse. In order for the metaverse to be sustainable, digital twins that are compatible with the real world are key, and critical technology for that is AR (Augmented Reality). In this study, we examined research trends about AR, and will propose the directions for future AR research. We conducted LDA based topic modeling on 11,049 abstracts of published domestic and foreign AR related papers from 2009 to Mar 2022, and then looked into AR that was comprehensive research trends, comparison of domestic and foreign research trends, and research trends before and after the popularity of metaverse concepts. As a result, the topics of AR related research were deduced from 11 topics such as device, network communication, surgery, digital twin, education, serious game, camera/vision, color application, therapy, location accuracy, and interface design. After popularity of metaverse, 6 topics were deduced such as camera/vision, training, digital twin, surgical/surgical, interaction performance, and network communication. We will expect, through this study, to encourage active research on metaverse AR with convergent characteristics in multidisciplinary fields and contribute to giving useful implications to practitioners.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.415-424
• /
• 2021

This study aims to identify the impact of flow experience on participation and re-view of online taekwondo demonstrations on adult women, and provide practical data to revitalize online taekwondo demonstration performances, promote visitors, and promote adult taekwondo trainees. Visitors who watched the "High Kick" online taekwondo demonstration performance performed by the Kukkiwon Taekwondo Demonstration Team were selected as a population, and a total of 248 copies of the data were finally used by distributing online questionnaires. First, the difference in flow, involvement, and re-visibility due to female visitors' experiences in taekwondo is the perception, time distortion, and involvement except pleasure factors among flow sub-factors. There is a difference in the factors of re-viewing. Second, among the flow factors of online taekwondo demonstration performances, the factors of attention, pleasure, and time distortion were found to have had a positive impact on involvement. Third, the flow factor of online taekwondo demonstration shows a positive effect on the intention of re-watching. Fourth, the level of participation in online taekwondo demonstrations has a positive effect on the intention of re-watching. The results of this study suggest changes in attitudes and behavior, such as increased involvement of female visitors and intention of re-viewing, and it is believed that online performances will help establish a new non-face-to-face cultural performance system.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.627-635
• /
• 2022

As the non-face-to-face situation continues for a long time due to COVID-19, the underlying technologies of the 4th industrial revolution such as IOT, AR, VR, and big data are affecting the metaverse platform overall. Such changes in the external environment such as society and culture can affect the development of academics, and it is very important to systematically organize existing achievements in preparation for changes. The Korea Educational Research Information Service (RISS) collected data including the 'metaverse platform' in the keyword and used the text mining technique, one of the big data analysis. The collected data were analyzed for word cloud frequency, connection strength between keywords, and semantic network analysis to examine the trends of metaverse platform research. As a result of the study, keywords appeared in the order of 'use', 'digital', 'technology', and 'education' in word cloud analysis. As a result of analyzing the connection strength (N-gram) between keywords, 'Edue→Tech' showed the highest connection strength and a total of three clusters of word chain clusters were derived. Detailed research areas were classified into five areas, including 'digital technology'. Considering the analysis results comprehensively, It seems necessary to discover and discuss more active research topics from the long-term perspective of developing a metaverse platform.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.201-214
• /
• 2024

This study derived an effective way to expose information on product reviews by analyzing how the accumulation of information on reviews of online shopping malls, which are receiving a lot of attention amid the rapid increase in non-face-to-face transactions with small and medium-sized venture companies with insufficient resources, affects product review ratings. Hypotheses were derived based on the main theory of behavioral economics and the theory of consumer expectation inconsistency, and for empirical research, the effect of the accumulation of information on product reviews were analyzed from a short and long-term perspective using Amazon's product reviews and seller information big data. For the empirical study, 9,092,480 reviews written for 378,411 products of Amazon were used, and the hypotheses were verified through hierarchical regression analysis. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the average rating decreased as the number of reviews increased. It was found that the product with a large number of recent reviews had a high rating. The characteristics of the product showed a moderating effect on these effects. This study will provide a new theoretical basis for research related to product review, and will help small and medium-sized venture companies that focus on sales through online shopping malls due to lack of resources to increase sales performance by appropriately utilizing review information. It will also provide empirical insights into effective product review information exposure measures for online shopping mall managers.

• Journal of the International Relations & Interdisciplinary Education
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.57-82
• /
• 2022

This study aims to investigate and analyze the perception of communication capability which is one of the sub-competencies of NCS vocational substructure basic competence, and then seek the direction of prospective courses. To do this, the researcher conducts a non-face-to-face survey by creating five questions under the following five categories: The importance and necessity of communicative competence, students and educators of communicative competence classes, contents and methods of curriculum and teaching and learning, communicative competence and writing skills and operation of extracurricular programs. This researcher has been teaching basic education even before the communication skills curriculum was created in college, now, in a situation where communication skills have become selective education, it is intended to grasp the perception of college students about communication skills for first graders. This study attempted to analyze the survey area in more depth through group FGI after conducting an online survey by dividing it into several items. As a result, students felt that communication skills became motktkre important through COVID-19. Among the bottom five communication skills, speaking skills were found to be the most important, reading ability was recognized as the least important. On the other hand, there was a strong hope to know about the level of communication ability, type of communication, and method of communication about oneself. In addition, they recognized that communication skills should be learned in their first year of college, and hoped to be operated at all times as a non-disciplinary program. In particular, in the bottom five areas of communication skills, the expectations and actual hopes for speaking skills were the highest compared to the rest, and in terms of teaching and learning methods, they wanted to improve their skills through feedback and practice rather than theory. These research results have great implications for setting the direction of operation of classes, such as the content and method of classes in communication skills, in the future.