• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.287-291
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• 1994

A 49 years old male patient was admitted to our neuro-pain clinic with symptoms of left 11th intercostal neuralgic pain and low back pain that developed 2 months prior to admission. Upon initial physical examination, motor weakness or sensory deficit were absent. Intercostal neuralgic pain improved significantly after we performed thoracic root thermocoagulation. However on the afternoon of the procedure the patient started to experience voiding difficulty, saddle anesthesia and rapidly progressing motor weakness and hypoesthesia that involved the lower back area and the lower extremities for three days. Based on these symptoms spinal cord compression was suspected and subsequently plain T-L spine X-rays and T-L spine MRI were performed. A spinal tumor that appeared metastatic in origin was seen at the T11 and T12 level. Liver ultrasonography demonstrated the presence of a $4{\times}4cm$ sized ill defined mass in the posterior segment of the right lobe. The patient was diagnosed to have hepatocellular carcinoma after needle aspiration biopsy and cytologic studies. Further orthopedic surgery was recommended but as the patient rejected any further treatment and examination, it was not possible to confirm the primary focus of the tumor. However as metastasis of a primary liver tumor to the spine is a rare occurrence, some other primary focus of metastasis or even a malignant primary tumor of the spine is more likely to explain this patient's condition.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 1997

Background : Hemifacial spasm commonly occurs on muscles about the eye, but may also involve or spread to the entire side of the face. There are many treatment for facial spasm, such as neuro-vascular decompression, local injection of Botulium toxin, facial nerve block at stylomastoid foramen, facial nerve block with O'Brien method. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of facial nerve block with O'Brien method. Methods : Forty five patients with hemifacial spasm were treated by facial nerve block with O'Brien method from January 1996 to February 1997 We reviewed the charts, retrospectively. Results : Sex ratio was 1:1.7(17 male : 28 female patients). Most patients were 40~60 years old. Most patients well tolerated facial nerve block. Three patients failed to respond to the facial nerve block. We repeated the procedure within one week. Among the 45 patients who received nerve block, 35 received repeated block; 7 patients received second repeat block, 2 patients received third repeat block. After successful nerve block, all patients were free of spasm for 1 to 6 months. Average spasm-free period was 3.5 months. Conclusion : Although the spasm-free period was short, these results suggest facial nerve block with O'Brien method is a safe and comfortable method for treatment of facial spasm.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.341-346
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• 1995

Piriformis Syndrome is characterized by pain of the low back, groin, perineum, buttock, hip, posterior thigh, leg and foot. Symptoms are aggravated by sitting, prolonged combination of hip flexion, adduction, the medial rotation, or by activity. In addition, patient may complain of painful swelling of the limb and sexual dysfunction-dyspareunia in female, and impotence in male. It currently appears that three specific conditions may contribute to the piriformis syndrome: (a) myofascial pain; (b) nerve and vascular entrapment; (c) dysfunction of the sacroiliac joint. The important keys of diagnosis are history and physical examination. There is no known objective diagnostic method. We described the clinical features of four cases of piriformis syndrome and reviewed foreign literature.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2014

Background: The purpose of this study is to identify effects of neuro-muscular control training on vastus medialis oblique (VMO) after menisectomy of the knee. Methods: The subjects of this study are women aged 42 and 39 each who did menisectomy. Case 1 was applied quadriceps setting exercise and neuro-muscular contrlol training and case 2 was applied quadriecps setting. Intervention was done 5 times a week for 2 weeks. Measurement of muscle activity on VMO and vastus lateralis (VL) was standardized signals of each muscle to %RVC using surface EMG. Results: On comparison of exercise before and after on VMO and VL, VL activation of case 2 was increased more than case 1. Conclusion: Quadriecps-setting exercise and selective neuro-muscular control training of VMO is effective intervention on VMO activity and muscle activity ratio of VMO to VL.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.217-221
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• 1994

Percutaneous neurolysis of upper thoracic sympathetic ganglion was performed in 40 patients by simultaneously injecting 3 ml of pure alcohol into the T2 and T3 levels after 3 ml of injection of local anesthetic agent on the same sites. Using a skin temperature probe, finger tip temperatures were measured on the index finger ipsilateral to the nerve block before block, 15 and 30 minutes after test block, and 30 minutes after alcohol block. Alcohol block was performed immediately after 30 minutes test block. Finger tip temperatures obtained at 30 minutes post alcohol block and test block and the differences in the temperatures measured before and 30 minutes after alcohol block were shown to be statistically important as potential indicators for prediciting long term outcome of therapy for palmar hyperhidrosis using this technique. These results demonstrate that the palmar temperature monitoring method is sufficiently sensitive to predict the outcome of nerve block during and after thoracic sympathetic ganglion block.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.3 no.spc2
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• pp.302-307
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• 2005

A novel neuro controller based simple neuro-structure with modified error function is introduced in this paper. This controller consists of two independent controllers, known as the voltage regulator and the angular controller. The voltage regulator is used to modify terminal voltage for the purpose of tracking a reference voltage. The angular controller is utilized to guarantee the stability of the system. In this structure each neuron uses a linear hard limit activation function that depends on the controlled variable and its derivatives. There is no need for parameter identification or any off-line training data. Two proposed controllers are merged by a smooth switch to build a complete controller. The effectiveness of the proposed novel control action is demonstrated through some computer simulations on a Single-Machine Infinite-Bus (SMIB) power system.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.187-193
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• 2018

Sweet's syndrome also known as acute neutrophilic dermatosis is a multisystem inflammatory disorder characterized by fever, malaise, leukocytosis, and skin lesions. Sweet's syndrome affects multiple organs though only rarely does it affect the central nervous system (CNS) when it does it is called Neuro-Sweet disease (NSD). We report on a case study of a biopsy-proven NSD in a 50 year old man. Serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed repeated CNS involvement of Sweet's syndrome after a respiratory tract infection preceded it. On the MRI, T2 hyperintense lesions occurred at multiple sites and disappeared after steroid therapy.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.1061-1071
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• 2018

From Xenopus embryo studies, the BMP4/Smad1-targeted gene circuit is a key signaling pathway for specifying the cell fate between the ectoderm and neuro-ectoderm as well as the ventral and dorsal mesoderm. In this context, several BMP4/Smad1 target transcriptional factors have been identified as repressors of the neuro-ectoderm. However, none of these direct target transcription factors in this pathway, including GATA1b, Msx1 and Ventx1.1 have yet been proven as direct repressors of early neuro-ectodermal gene expression. In order to demonstrate that Ventx1.1 is a direct repressor of neuro-ectoderm genes, a genome-wide Xenopus ChIP-Seq of Ventx1.1 was performed. In this study, we demonstrated that Ventx1.1 bound to the Ventx1.1 response cis-acting element 1 and 2 (VRE1 and VRE2) on the promoter for zic3, which is a key early neuro-ectoderm gene, and this Ventx1.1 binding led to repression of zic3 transcription. Site-directed mutagenesis of VRE1 and VRE2 within zic3 promoter completely abolished the repression caused by Ventx1.1. In addition, we found both the positive and negative regulation of zic3 promoter activity by FoxD5b and Xcad2, respectively, and that these occur through the VREs and via modulation of Ventx1.1 levels. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the BMP4/Smad1 target gene, Ventx1.1, is a direct repressor of neuro-ectodermal gene zic3 during early Xenopus embryogenesis.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.1759-1766
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• 2003

This paper proposes a neuro­fuzzy controllers for trajectory tracking control of robot manipulators. The computed torque method is an effective means for trajectory tracking control. However, the tracking performance of this method is severely affected by the uncertainties of robot manipulators. Therefore, the proposed controller is used to compensate the uncertainties of robot manipulators. In the neuro­fuzzy controllers, the number of fuzzy rules used forty­nine. The effectiveness of the proposed controllers is demonstrated by computer simulations using two­link robot manipulator, As a result, it is confirmed that the output of the proposed neuro­fuzzy controllers can efficiently decrease the uncertainties of robot manipulator.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.367-370
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• 1995

We experienced two case of persistent Horner's syndrome which might be side effect of stellate ganglin block(SGB). Case one, a 35 year old male patient with severe pain and hyperesthesia of the right thumb. We performed repeated SGB with 1% mepivacaine 5 ml on the right side daily. After 9 times of SGB, he had continued ptosis, photophobia for one month and miosis for 6 months. Second case, the patients was a 21 year old male. He visited at our pain clinic to be cured of both sudden deafness which had begun two week ago. We performed SGB on both sides alternatively twice a day. About a week later, hearing ability of the left ear was recovered. After then we performed SGB only the right side. 34 SGB was performed in two months after that he got persistent Horner's syndrome.